Parts of speech
Noun Subject
Pronoun Subject
Main Verbs & Helping Verbs
Transitive & Intransitive Verbs
Adjectives
Adverbs
Word Function Codes
Code
Part of Speech
NS
Noun Subject
PNS
Pronoun Subject
PNU
Pronoun Understood
MV
Main Verb
HV
Helping Verb
MVT
Main Verb Transitive
MVI
Main Verb Intransitive
MVL
Main Verb Linking
AJ
Adjective
AV
Adverb
PR
Preposition
OP
Object of Preposition
Overview
 A preposition is a word such as:
at
 during
 of
 on
 through
 to

Prepositions
 A noun or pronoun that follows a
preposition is called the:
 Object of the preposition
 Object of the prepositions usually
answers:
 Whom?
 What?
Point 1
 A preposition must be followed by a:
 noun
 pronoun
 The noun or pronoun that follows the
preposition is called:
 Object of a preposition
Example
aj
ns
mvi
pr
aj
op
The boy fell [down the steps.]
 down the steps is a prepositional phrase
Point 2
Prepositions
Aboard
Behind
During
Onto
To
About
Below
Except
Opposite
Toward
Above
Beneath
For
Out
Towards
Across
Beside
In
Over
Underneat
h
Against
Between
Inside
Past
Until
Along
Beyond
Into
Pending
Up
Among
But
(except)
Like
Per
Upon
Around
By
Near
Regarding
With
As
Concerning
Of
Since
Within
At
Considerin
g
Off
Through
Without
Before
Down
On
throughout
Compound-Word Prepositions
Compound-Word Prepositions
According to By means of
In place of
On account
of
As part of
Due to
In spite of
Out of
Aside from
In addition
to
Instead of
Owing to
Because of
In front of
Next to
Pertaining to
Example
pns
op
mvi
pr
pr
pr aj
He parked [in front of] the bank.
 Compound word preposition
 Describes where
Point 4
 The object of a preposition may be a:
 one-word noun
 compound-word noun
 pronoun
Example
One-word noun object of preposition
pns mvi pr aj op
They walked [to the mall.]
Example
Compound-word noun object of preposition
aj ns
hv mvi
pr op op
The meal was prepared by Chef John.
Example
Pronoun Object of the Preposition
mvt aj do pr op
Give the keys to me.
Point 5
 A prepositional phrase may function as
and adjective and modify or describe a
noun or a pronoun.
Adjectives
Modifier
Modifies: Nouns & Pronouns
Question: Which one? What kind of? How
many? Or Whose?
Other adjectives: this, that, these, those, a,
an, the, and possessive pronouns
Point 6
 A prepositional phrase may function as
an adverb and modify or describe a
verb, adjective, or another adverb.
Adverb
Modifier
Modifies: verbs, adjectives, or another verb
Questions: when? Where? Why? How? To
What Extent?
Other Adverbs: too, very,
Most adverbs end in -ly
Example
John jogs in the morning.
 When?
Frank walked to the store.
 Where?
Example
James fought for his rights.
 Why?
The man spoke with a vengeance.
 How?
Never Assume!!
 Investigate the word placement in the
sentence.
 Read, re-read, and read again!!
 Never make assumptions without looking for
the facts!!
 Look for key words & indicators
 -ly=adverb
 Mvt answers: Who? Or What?
 Mvi never has a DO!!