Chapter Two:
Road to Independence
Founding the American Colonies
Section 1, pages 116-124
Vocabulary
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Pennsylvania: site of a colony founded by Quakers
Mayflower Compact: set up a civil government in
Plymouth
Samuel de Champlain: a French explorer who set up
the trading post of Quebec
John Winthrop: led the group of Puritans who set up
the colony of Massachusetts
Roanoke: site of the “Lost Colony”
Settlements in America
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Spanish
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French
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Kept others out of territory
Taught Christianity
Fur trading
Champlain set up Quebec
1673 Joliet and Marquette discovered Mississippi River
1682 LaSalle named Louisiana
Dutch
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New Netherland is now New York
The Virginia Colony
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Sir Walter Raleigh
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Roanoke
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Present-day North Carolina
Colonists disappeared-”The Lost Colony”
Virginia
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Sailed in 1587
Jamestown receives charter (right to organize a settlement)
Wanted wealth
John Smith defends against Indians
John Rolfe discovers tobacco-first cash crop
Self-Government
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Elected burgesses (representatives) of land-owners
1619: example of representative gov’t: House of Burgesses
The 13 English Colonies
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Pilgrims
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The Mayflower Compact
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Set up civil gov’t
Massachusetts
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1620: sailed from England on Mayflower
Wanted religious freedom
Arrived in Plymouth, Mass.
John Winthrop led Puritans in 1629
Protestant faith was official religion
Connecticut and Rhode Island
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1639: Thomas Hooker
First Constitution: Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
Roger Williams: separation of church and state
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Rhode Island: free worship
The 13 English Colonies: Middle
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New York
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English took control in 1664
King Charles II renamed
Pennsylvania
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Settled by Quakers-1680
William Penn-founder
City of Brotherly Love
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Religious tolerance
Elected representatives
Southern Colonies
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Virginia
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Grew tobacco
1622-settled on Indian land
Lost charter, kept House of Burgesses
Maryland
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Calvert-set up Catholic haven
Named after queen
Act of Toleration passed in 1649
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The Carolinas
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Step toward religious diversity
1719: settlers seized control of Gov't
Georgia
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Last of the English colonies