Supplementary Information
Iodine isotopes species fingerprinting environmental conditions in surface water
along the northeastern Atlantic Ocean
Peng He1,2,*, Xiaolin Hou3,4, Ala Aldahan2,5, Göran Possnert6 & Peng Yi7
Affiliations
1
Department of Geochemistry, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
2
Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
3
Xi’an AMS Center, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth
Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710075, China
4
Center for Nuclear Technologies, Technical University of Denmark, Risø Campus, DK-4000 Roskilde,
Denmark
5
Department of Geology, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE
6
Tandem Laboratory, Uppsala University, PO Box 529, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
7
State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University,
Nanjing 210098, China
Corresponding author: Peng He & Xiaolin Hou
E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected]
1
Contents:
Supplementary Figures S1-S2
Supplementary Tables S1-S3
Supplementary References
2
Supplementary Figure S1. Variation of 127I-/127IO3- in global surface ocean waters as a
function of latitude. Data were complied from available published works 1-11.
3
Supplementary Figure S2. Analytical scheme for chemical speciation of 127I and 129I
species from seawater.
4
Supplementary Table S1. Results of speciation analysis of
127
I and
129
I in the
northeastern Atlantic surface water.
Sample
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
127I
total I
0.368
0.389
0.370
0.397
0.384
0.379
0.409
0.394
0.390
0.391
0.386
0.414
0.394
0.384
0.374
0.380
0.392
0.405
0.402
0.399
0.396
0.403
0.412
0.420
0.409
0.403
0.392
0.384
0.385
0.400
0.319
0.341
0.375
0.380
(μM)
iodide
0.021
0.041
0.034
0.052
0.045
0.080
0.050
0.046
0.039
0.042
0.047
0.048
0.043
0.082
0.038
0.048
0.044
0.043
0.048
0.047
0.047
0.052
0.048
0.045
0.051
0.046
0.065
0.053
0.069
0.065
0.032
0.039
0.048
0.055
129I
iodate
0.352
0.360
0.330
0.349
0.355
0.337
0.343
0.358
0.366
0.343
0.361
0.376
0.351
0.332
0.359
0.334
0.352
0.367
0.358
0.361
0.358
0.364
0.377
0.349
0.359
0.349
0.353
0.343
0.367
0.321
0.278
0.301
0.281
0.318
(108 atoms/L)
total I iodide iodate
1.21
0.29
0.94
3.02
1.58
1.74
12.67
5.73
7.68
1.23
0.53
0.82
1.01
0.30
0.73
0.94
0.18
0.67
0.92
0.28
0.59
7.00
3.24
4.21
0.77
0.17
0.53
0.78
0.19
0.51
0.56
0.17
0.44
0.58
0.07
0.48
0.61
0.16
0.39
0.62
0.13
0.51
0.65
0.09
0.54
0.68
0.29
0.41
2.52
1.44
1.28
0.64
0.25
0.43
0.55
0.21
0.40
0.60
0.23
0.40
0.59
0.25
0.40
0.52
0.22
0.34
0.56
0.17
0.42
2.20
1.36
1.05
2.28
1.42
1.09
0.52
0.19
0.32
0.43
0.15
0.24
0.46
0.09
0.33
0.48
0.17
0.36
0.57
0.19
0.32
0.87
0.49
0.38
1.83
1.31
0.65
2.60
1.73
1.12
0.66
0.25
0.44
129I/127I
total I
5.45
12.87
56.85
5.14
4.36
4.11
3.72
29.52
3.27
3.30
2.41
2.33
2.59
2.68
2.89
2.96
10.68
2.62
2.29
2.49
2.45
2.13
2.27
8.69
9.26
2.16
1.82
1.97
2.06
2.38
4.52
8.93
11.50
2.88
(10-10 atoms/atoms)
iodide
iodate
22.64
4.45
64.03
8.02
276.86
38.61
17.00
3.92
11.09
3.41
3.64
3.28
9.22
2.87
116.39
19.52
7.21
2.42
7.57
2.46
5.95
2.03
2.29
2.11
6.39
1.86
2.68
2.56
3.90
2.52
10.00
2.06
50.03
6.05
9.47
1.93
7.33
1.85
8.10
1.86
8.89
1.88
7.14
1.53
5.97
1.86
50.03
5.01
46.62
5.05
6.95
1.50
3.74
1.12
2.85
1.61
4.01
1.65
4.76
1.63
25.37
2.27
56.58
3.60
60.24
6.64
7.66
2.32
5
Supplementary Table S2. Iodine species ratio of 127IO3-/127I in different oceans.
127
IO3-/127I (μM/μM)
References
Atlantic Ocean
0.66-0.97
1-9
Pacific Ocean
0.67-0.94
3,10
Arctic Ocean
0.81-0.95
This work
India Ocean
0.60-0.71
11
Southern Ocean
0.90-0.98
3,9
North Atlantic
0.75-0.96
This work
6
Supplementary Table S3. Average concentration of
129
I and
127
I species as well as
their ratios in the English Channel (A), the northern North Sea (B), the Arctic Ocean (C)
and the northeastern Atlantic Ocean (this work, E) and corresponded to locations
marked in Figure 5. Values in parenthesis show the average of available data.
129I-(108)
A
B
C
E
A
B
C
E
129IO 3
535-1751(1137) 905-2269(1591)
384
289
2.7-6.2(4.0)
11.1-14.6(12.5)
0.07-0.53(0.21) 0.24-0.94(0.48)
129I-/(129I-+129IO -)
3
129I-/129IO 3
129IO -/(129I-+129IO -)
3
3
0.37-0.44(0.41)
0.57
0.19-0.30(0.24)
0.12-0.41(0.30)
0.59-0.77(0.69)
1.33
0.23-0.43(0.32)
0.14-0.70(0.45)
0.56-0.63(0.59)
0.43
0.70-0.81(0.76)
0.59-0.88(0.70)
127I-
127IO 3
127I-/(127I-+127IO -)
3
127I-/127IO 3
127IO -/(127I-+127IO -)
3
3
0.04-0.08(0.07)
0.09
0.05-0.09(0.06)
0.02-0.08(0.05)
0.30-0.36(0.34)
0.24
0.40-0.45(0.43)
0.32-0.38(0.35)
0.10-0.22(0.17)
0.27
0.11-0.18(0.13)
0.06-0.20(0.13)
0.11-0.28(0.21)
0.37
0.12-0.22(0.15)
0.06-0.25(0.15)
0.78-0.90(0.83)
0.73
0.82-0.89(0.87)
0.80-0.94(0.87)
7
Supplementary References
1
Waite, T. J., Truesdale, V. W. & Olafsson, J. The distribution of dissolved inorganic iodine in the
seas around Iceland. Mar. Chem. 101, 54-67 (2006).
2
Campos, M. L. A. M., Farrenkopf, A. M., Jickells, T. D. & Luther Iii, G. W. A comparison of
dissolved iodine cycling at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Station and Hawaii Ocean
Time-series Station. Deep Sea Res. Part II. 43, 455-466 (1996).
3
Elderfield, H. & Truesdale, V. W. On the biophilic nature of iodine in seawater. Earth Planet.
Sci. Lett. 50, 105-114 (1980).
4
Wong, G. T. F. Dissolved iodine across the Gulf Stream Front and in the South Atlantic Bight.
Deep Sea Res. Part I. 42, 2005-2023 (1995).
5
Wong, G. T. F. & Cheng, X.-H. Dissolved organic iodine in marine waters: Determination,
occurrence and analytical implications. Mar. Chem. 59, 271-281 (1998).
6
Truesdale, V. W. Iodine in inshore and off-shore marine waters. Mar. Chem. 6, 1-13 (1978).
7
Jickells, T. D., Boyd, S. S. & Knap, A. H. Iodine cycling in the Sargasso Sea and the Bermuda
inshore waters. Mar. Chem. 24, 61-82 (1988).
8
Campos, M. L. A. M., Sanders, R. & Jickells, T. The dissolved iodate and iodide distribution in
the South Atlantic from the Weddell Sea to Brazil. Mar. Chem. 65, 167-175 (1999).
9
Bluhm, K., Croot, P. L., Huhn, O., Rohardt, G. & Lochte, K. Distribution of iodide and iodate in
the Atlantic sector of the southern ocean during austral summer. Deep Sea Res. Part II. 58,
2733-2748 (2011).
10
Tsunogai, S. & Henmi, T. Iodine in the surface water of the ocean. J. Oceanogr. Soc. Jpn 27,
67-72 (1971).
11
Farrenkopf, A. M. & Luther Iii, G. W. Iodine chemistry reflects productivity and denitrification
in the Arabian Sea: evidence for flux of dissolved species from sediments of western India into
the OMZ. Deep Sea Res. Part II. 49, 2303-2318 (2002).
8