Symposium Summary
Ward Atkinson
The 12th SAE Alternate Refrigerant Systems Symposium held September 27-29, 2011 in
Scottsdale Arizona hosted 163 world industry representatives. The attendees came
from, 90 companies, 5 universities and representatives from five governmental
agencies. Included were representatives from 19 passenger car, truck and off road
vehicle manufactures, 56 system and component suppliers. In addition 13 chemical
companies, and 7, associations, NGO, testing and engineering companies were in
attendance. This included representatives from Austria, Belgian, China, England,
France, Germany, Italy, Japan, S. Korea, and Sweden.
This overview covers vehicle comfort evaluations and listing of technical activities that
occurred during the symposium.
Weather Conditions
The weather conditions resulted in generally clear sky and humidity of 17 to 24 percent
during the ride periods. Ambient temperatures ranged between 90 -102F (32-39C)
during the 3-day evaluation period. [Tables 1 and 6]
Weather Data: Test Site Daily Average
Table 1
Day
Tue. 9-27-11
Wed. 9-28-11
Thur. 9-29-11



Ambient
F
97.7
95.5
94.4
Ambient
C
36.6
35.4
35.3
W.B F
66
67.2
67.4
%
Humidity
17.6
23.3
24.6
Comfort ratings for each vehicle
Temperature readings for each vehicle
Summary graphs
SAE 2011 ARSS
Enthalpy
J/kg
53.3
56.1
57.0
Langley
46.9
48.9
53.
Buth/ftsq.
181.0
191.3
204.0
Watts/m2
313
331
353
The vehicle and team ride schedule and vehicle specifications are found on tables 4 and
5.
Systems Evaluated
There were 4 demonstration rental vehicles during the symposium. The vehicles
included production HFC-134a, Hybrid and belt driven systems.
The three 2010 Hybrid vehicles were, Toyota Prius, Camry and Nissan Altima having R134a refrigerant systems. The comparison of the Hybrid systems was made with a
production 2011 R-134a Impala that had been used in the 2008 Flagstaff and Phoenix
ride. The vehicle soak, end of city traffic and end of ride temperatures and comfort
summary’s are found in Fig. 1 & 2
Since not all ride seats were occupied, a comparison of the 4 vehicle’s, the breath level,
panel outlet temperatures and average front, rear and all vehicle comfort results are
found in Figures 3 to 6.
The temperature and comfort information for each vehicle are found in figures 7
through 14. Table 2 provides the summary data for the 4 vehicles.
System extended recirculated and OSA Idle test results are found in table 3 and Figures
15 through 16.
SAE 2011 ARSS
Ride Results
Figure 1
Figure 2
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Figure 3
Figure 4
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Figure 5
Figure 6
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Vehicle A Impala
Figure 7
Figure 8
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Vehicle B Camry
Figure 9
Figure 10
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Vehicle C Prius
Figure 11
Figure 12
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Vehicle D Altima
Figure 13
Figure 14
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Vehicle Summary Data
Table 2
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Extended Idle
An addition test was included after the formal ride comparing panel outlet air and
breath level temperatures during an extended idle period. The vehicles were idled for
15 minutes on outside air and recirculated air. To eliminate the effect of solar load the
tests were run in a covered area. The panel outlet air and breath temperatures were
recorded every 3 minutes. The data can be found in Figures 21 through 24.
Table 3
Extended
Idle Study
OSA Air
Test condition
Date
Vehicle
Start Time
Ambient
3 min.
6 min.
9 min.
12 min.
15 min.
50.7
67
50
64
54.7
75
50.7
66
50
66
55.2
73
51.5
66
52
66
57.4
73
51.6
66
52
67
56.9
73
52.4
68
52
67
57.4
72
3 min.
6 min.
9 min.
12 min.
15 min.
52.4
62
45
66
43
61
52
60
44.4
64
41.9
60
56.7
60
46.1
63
42.5
58
55.4
60
46.1
63
42.8
58
55.6
60
46.7
63
42.1
58
9/28/2011 3:00 PM 100F
A
Impala
B
Camry
C
Prius
D
Altima
Panel Temp.
Breath Temp.
Panel Temp.
Breath Temp.
Panel Temp.
Breath Temp.
Panel Temp.
Breath Temp.
Not Run
Extended
Idle Study
Rec
Test condition
Date
Vehicle
Start Time
Ambient
9/27/2011 3:00 PM 100F
A
Impala
B
Camry
C
Prius
D
Altima
SAE 2011 ARSS
Not Run
Panel Temp.
Breath Temp.
Panel Temp.
Breath Temp.
Panel Temp.
Breath Temp.
Panel Temp.
Breath Temp.
Idle Tests Breath Level Temperature
Figure 15
Idle Tests Panel Outlet Temperature
Figure 16
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Soak and Ride Schedule
Table 4
Vehicle Soak and Ride Times
Vehicle
Vehicle
Group 1
Impala
Camry
Prius
Altima
Tuesday September 27, 2011
11:15
12:15
A
B
C
D
s
s
s
s
1
2
3
4
Team
1:10
2:10
3
4
5
6
Wednesday September 28, 2011 Team
11:15
12:15
1:10
s
s
s
s
4
3
2
1
2:10
6
5
4
3
Thursday September 29, 2011
11:15
12:15
s
s
s
s
Team
1:10
2
6
1
5
Ride Comments
In general the ride team comments were related to the fact there was direct solar to
their body at certain times and locations during the ride. To maintain comfort they
needed to adjust the panel outlets airflow away from direct contact with their body.
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2:10
5
1
6
2
Vehicle Information
Table 5
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Weather
Table 6
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program AGENDA
TUESDAY September 27, 2011 Pavilion Room
8:00 a.m.
Welcome and Opening Remarks
Ward J. Atkinson, Sun Test Engineering 8:10 a.m.
8:30 a.m. Stephen Andersen, IGSD
Design Criteria for Future Mobile Air Conditioning (MAC) Systems
Satisfying Future Global Environmental Regulations
8:50 a.m. Yaidi Cancel, Brian J. Nelson, US Environmental Protection Agency
EPA Updates on Alternative Refrigerants and MVAC Servicing
9:10 a.m.Tao Zhan, Leela Rao, California Air Resources Board
Update on California’s Regulatory Activities to
Mitigate Greenhouse Gas Emissions from
Mobile Air Conditioning
10:00 a.m.
MAC Fuel Efficiency Test Procedure for Certification Purpose - ACEA
Approach
10:30 a.m. Peter Kunze, ACEA
Benefits and Challenges of Heat Pump Systems
11:00 a.m. Markus Wawzyniak, Behr GmbH & Co. KG
Impact of Low Refrigerant Charge on Energy Consumption of the MAC
System and its Associated
11:30 a.m. Kenneth Porrett, General Motors Company rik P. Huyghe, Bradley R. Brodie, DENSO International
America Inc
Test Method for Determining the Annualized Fuel
.
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WEDNESDAY September 28, 2011 Pavilion Room
8:00 a.m. Hans E H Fernqvist, Volvo Car Corporation
Integrated Thermal Management Systems for Vehicles
8:30 a.m. Florian Wieschollek, Visteon Deutschland GmbH; John J. Meyer, Visteon Climate Control
Efficient Climate System using R1234yf
9:00 a.m. Enrique Peral-Antunez, Renault [Chair Person]
Recent Experiences in MAC System Development “New Alternative
Refrigerant Assessment ” Technical Update
10:00 a.m. Xinzhong Li, Creative Thermal Solutions Inc.
Alternative Refrigerant AC6 Performance Evaluation and Optimization
Potential
10:30 a.m. Enrique Peral, Renault
“Renault experiences with zeotropic blend for MAC”
Again, a new refrigerant? Recent Experiences in MAC System
Development
11:00 a.m. John Rugh, National Renewable Energy Lab
Fully Integrated EV Thermal System and Control Strategies for Maximized
Range & Comfort
11:30 a.m. Magnus Eisele, Yunho Hwang, Reinhard Radermacher University of Maryland
Virtual Testing of Off-Period Cooling with Secondary Loop System
SAE 2011 ARSS
THURSDAY September 29, 2011 Pavilion Room
8:00 a.m. Jeffrey Bozeman, Kuo-huey Chen, General Motors Company; Shailendra Kaushik, General
Motors Corp.
Distributed Climate System Impact on Human Comfort and MAC
Efficiency
8:30 a.m. Juergen Koehler, University of Braunschweig
Relevant MAC Operating Conditions for China and India
9:00 a.m. Christopher Seeton, Honeywell Int’l Inc.; Mark Spatz, Honeywell Int’l Inc.
Implementation of HFO-1234yf: Guidance on HFO-1234yf Risk
Assessments for Alternative Vehicle Types and Service
10:00 a.m. Ulrich Grimm, Ilk Dresden
R1234yf Trace Impurities and Their Influence to the Stability of the
Refrigerant-Oil System
10:30 a.m. Yvonne Mueller, Ilk Dresden
Electrical Properties of the Liquid Phase of Refrigerant-Oil Systems
11:00 a.m. Donald G. Bowman, Parker Hannifin Corp.
Comparison of the Permeation of Various Compounds with
the Refrigerant HFO-1234yf and HFO-1234yf with ND-8 Oil
11:30 a.m. Gursaran D. Mathur, CalsonicKansei North America Inc.
Heat Transfer Coefficients and Pressure Gradients During Flow Boiling
and Condensation for Refrigerant HFO-1234yf
SAE 2011 ARSS
All presentations are available on the SAE Web
site at:
http://www.sae.org/events/aars/presentations/2011/index.htm
Tuesday
Brian Nelson US EPA Updates on Alt Refrigerants
Erik Huyghe DENSO Low Charge Energy Consumption in MAC Systems
Kenneth Porrett GM Test Method for Determining Annualized Fuel
Economy
Markus Wawzyniak Behr Heat Pump Sys
Peter Kunze ACEA Fuel Efficiency Test Procedure
Stephen Andersen IGSD Desirng Criteria for Future MAC Sys
Activiites to Mitigate GHG Emissions from MAC
Yaidi Cancel US EPA Updates on Alt Refrigerants and MVAC Servicing
Wednesday
Bernd Kirmse - Visteon Efficient Climate System
Enrique Peral Renault Recent Experiences in MAC System Dev
Fernqvist Reference2
Frenqvist Reference1
Hans Fernqvist Volvo - Integrated Thermal Mgmt
JM L'Huiller Renault Experiences with Non-Azeoptropic Blends for
MAC Systems
John Rugh NREL Thermal Mgmt Tech to Improve Life and Range
Xinzhing Li Creative Thermal Solns Alt Refrig Perf Optimiz
Yunko Hwang U of MD Virtual Testing of Off-Pd Cooling with 2ndary
Loop Sys
Thursday
Christopher Seeton Honeywell Considerations for using 1234yf in
Elec+hybrids v
Don Bowman - Composite Sealing Systems
GD Mathur CalsonicKansei Heat Transfer Coefficients
Jeff Bozeman Distributed Climate Sys in Human Comfort
Juergen Koehler U of Braunschweig Relevant MAC Op Conditions for
China and India
Ullrich Grimm Ilk Dresden Trace Imputities
Yvonne Mueller ILK Dresden Electrical Properties of Refrigerants
SAE 2011 ARSS