Characteristics of Personality
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Individuals are different not only among themselves
but also within themselves
Personality consists of feelings, thoughts, cognitions
and visible behavior
When individuals act or react, they do so as total
individuals and not as part of their selves
The visible behavior of an individual shows a
consistency that spreads over different situations , with
different people and at different times
Personality has a biological base, but is shaped by the
environment
Behavior is also a characteristic of personality
Measuring Personality
Ways in which Personality is measured:
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Self Report Surveys
Observer Rating Survey
Projective Measures
Uses of Assessments in Organizations
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Screening
Selection
Succession Planning
Career Planning
Team Building
Management Development
Personality Determinants:
Myers – Briggs type indicator
(E or I)
Extravert vs Introvert
(S or N)
Sensing vs Intuitive
(T or F)
Thinking vs Feeling
(J or P)
Judging or Perceiving
Big – Five Personality Model
5 Factor Model called Big 5
5 Basic dimensions underlie all other
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness
Emotional Stability
Openness to Experience
•16 P Factor Questionnaire – Based on 16 “souce traits”
• Johari Window:
The Johari Window is a communication model that can be used to
improve understanding between individuals.
Developed by Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham (the word “Johari” comes
from Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham).
• The Johari Window is a communication
model that can be used to improve
understanding between individuals.
• Developed by Joseph Luft and Harry
Ingham (the word “Johari” comes from
Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham).
Two key ideas behind the tool:
• Individuals can build trust between
themselves by disclosing information
about themselves.
• They can learn about themselves and
come to terms with personal issues with
the help of feedback from others.
Using the Johari model, each person is
represented by their own four-quadrant, or
four-pane, window. Each of these contains
and represents personal information feelings, motivation - about the person,
and shows whether the information is
known or not known by themselves or
other people.
Johari Window
Feedback
Known to self
Unknown to Self
Known to others
Arena
Blind Spot
Exposure
Unknown to
Others
Facade
Unknown
Behavior/ Activities cause panes to move or
change size.
Arena:- Giving & soliciting feedback. Self
disclosure
Blind spot:- Soliciting & being receptive to
feedback
Facade:-Giving feedback and self disclosure
Unknown:- Availing yourself and being receptive to
sharing experiences of others; learning
vicariously
Feedback
• Communicate to a person or group providing
information as to how their behavior is affecting
or influencing you. (giving feedback)
• It may also be a reaction by others as to how
your behavior is affecting or influencing them
(receiving feedback)
Reasons for giving & receiving feedback
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Allows personal growth
Enables the provider to learn about self
Enables the receiver to gain insight
Creates an open environment for effective operation and
interpersonal communication
• Aids in preparation for the future; not dwelling on the
past
Theories of personality
1)Trait Theory : Eysenck (1960)
2) Psychoanalytic Theory: Sigmund Freud
3) Behaviorism Theory:
4) Humanistic Theory:
5) Physique –Temperament Theory: Sheldon
(1942)
Other Personality Traits relevant to OB
1)
Core Self-evaluation
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Machiavellianism
3)
Narcissism
4)
Self Monitoring
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Risk taking
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Type A personality
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Proactive Personality
8) High Flyers
Linking an individual’s Personality & values to the
Workplace
• Person-Job fit
• Person – Organization fit