Elements of Probability Cnk Cnk = n n k k k k n k n n n n n n n n pn n n n n statistical probability relative frequency concept The probability of an event is the proportion of times the event occurs in a long run of repeated experiments performed under essentially homogeneous and identical conditions. nAfA PA A PA n f A n n A f A A f n PA S A S B A A�B (a) B A�B (b) S S B A A C A AÌB (c) (d) axioms of probability Axiom 1 (Non-negativity) Axiom 2 (Certainty) Axiom 3 (Additivity) . . . 3 C B A A C A B B AB ∑ ∑ ∩ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∩ ∩ ≠ ≠ ≠ Elements of Probability Child in college () No child in college () 0.35 0.25 0.08 0.20 0.01 0.11 C A B D
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