Муниципальное казенное общеобразовательное учреждение
«Cредняя общеобразовательная школа №2»
Тема «Компьютер и дети: за и против»
Учебно-исследовательская работа по английскому языку
Выполнил:
Ученик 9А класса
Земцов Александр Вячеславович
Руководитель:
Учитель английского языка I категории
Климова Светлана Валерьевна
Работа допущена к защите
Председатель экспертной комиссии:
_________________________________
Шадринск
2015
1
«Computer and children: the pros and cons»
Contents
Introduction
3
I. The Development of Computers
5
I.1. The History of Computers
5
I.2. Types of Computers
9
II. The Pros of Computers for Children
14
III. The Cons of Computers for Children
17
IV. The Results of Research Work
19
Conclusion
22
List of Sources
23
Appendix
24
2
Introduction
Computers take a very important part of our life nowdays. We can’t imagine
our life without these machines. They can perform many complex operations
simultaneously and people practically can't do without them. Thanks to them people
get access to enormous amount of information. Gathering data has never been more
simple than now. They are not only used in laboratories but also in factories to
control production. Sometimes only computers manufacture other computers.
But not only in science and industry computers are being used. Thanks to them
modern medicine can diagnose diseases faster and more thoroughly. Also in banking
system computers have become irreplaceable. They control ATMs, all data is stored
on special hard disks and paper isn't used in accountancy any more. Furthermore,
architects, designers and engineers can't imagine their work without computers. This
machines are really everywhere and we depend on them also in such fields as
criminology. They help police to solve crimes and collect evidence.
Moreover, computers are wide-spread in education. Except their classic tasks
such as administration and accountancy they are used in process of learning. Firstly,
they store enormous amount of data which helps pupils to gain an information.
Secondly, thanks to special teaching techniques and programs they improve our skills
of concentration and assimilation of knowledge. They have become so popular that
not knowing how to use them means to be illiterate.
The theme of our paper is «Computers and children: the pros and cons». The
choice of the theme is conditioned by the topicality of the issue .
We consider the theme is topical for the reason that children spend much time
sitting in front of video display. Nowadays children have nearly unlimited access to
computers. It would be incorrect to assert that computers are absolutely harmful or
useful for children. The usage of computers by the children is very controversial. We
can talk about good and bad sides of computers till the end of time as their list is
3
really endless. Thus we should make no mistake about the simplicity of the given
topic. In fact it’s much deeper than it seems.
The subject of our research is using computer by children.
Thus our paper will examine the importance of computers for children, the
advantages and disadvantages of using computers by children nowdays.
Research question: Do children get more advantage or harm using computers?
The tasks are to get and learn information about history of computers, analyze
pros and cons of using computers by children.
Methods of research:
- study of information
- questionnaire survey
- analysis
The hypothesis of our research is: computer and children are friends if children
obey the rules of using computer and use it for study.
The purpose of the research project is to prove that the advantages of using
computers by children are more important and children can’t do without computers
nowdays in spite of the fact there some disadvantages.
4
I. The Development of Computers
I.1.The History of a Computer
The word 'computer' means 'comput', then there is a device for computation.
Many thousands of years ago used to count counting sticks, stones. More than 1,500
years ago (and perhaps much earlier) to facilitate the computation were used scores.
The first real computing machine appeared only in 1642. It invented by the French
mathematician Pascal.
The idea of creating a computer appeared two physicists from the US state of
Iowa. These were John W. Atanasoff and Clifford Berry. They were creating a
computer from 1937 to 1942. This was the first computer. The computer was named
after scientists ABC (Atanasoff Berri Computer).
First computers differed from today's ones. They were so huge that they
occupied whole rooms or buildings being relatively slow. They were not faster than
modern simple watches or calculators.
Charles Babbage, (26 December 1791 – 18 October 1871) was an English
polymath. A mathematician, philosopher, inventor and mechanical engineer, Babbage
is best remembered for originating the concept of a programmable computer.
He is considered a "father of the computer", Babbage is credited with inventing
the first mechanical computer that eventually led to more complex designs. His
varied work in other fields has led him to be described as "pre-eminent" among the
many polymaths of his century.
Parts of Babbage's uncompleted mechanisms are on display in the London
Science Museum. In 1991, a perfectly functioning difference engine was constructed
from Babbage's original plans. Built to tolerances achievable in the 19th century, the
success of the finished engine indicated that Babbage's machine would have worked.
5
Babbage's machines were among the first mechanical computers. That they
were not actually completed was largely because of funding problems and clashes of
personality, most notably with Airy, the Astronomer Royal.
Babbage directed the building of some steam-powered machines that achieved
some modest success, suggesting that calculations could be mechanised. For more
than ten years he received government funding for his project, which amounted to
£17,000, but eventually the Treasury lost confidence in him.
While Babbage's machines were mechanical and unwieldy, their basic
architecture was similar to a modern computer. The data and program memory were
separated, operation was instruction-based, the control unit could make conditional
jumps, and the machine had a separate I/O unit.
The principle of the modern computer was first described by computer scientist
Alan Turing, who set out the idea in his seminal 1936 paper, On Computable
Numbers. Turing reformulated Kurt Gödel's 1931 results on the limits of proof and
computation, replacing Gödel's universal arithmetic-based formal language with the
formal and simple hypothetical devices that became known as Turing machines. He
proved that some such machine would be capable of performing any conceivable
mathematical computation if it were representable as an algorithm. He went on to
prove that there was no solution to the Entscheidungsproblem by first showing that
the halting problem for Turing machines is undecidable: in general, it is not possible
to decide algorithmically whether a given Turing machine will ever halt.
He also introduced the notion of a 'Universal Machine' (now known as a
Universal Turing machine), with the idea that such a machine could perform the tasks
of any other machine, or in other words, it is provably capable of computing anything
that is computable by executing a program stored on tape, allowing the machine to be
programmable. Von Neumann acknowledged that the central concept of the modern
computer was due to this paper. Turing machines are to this day a central object of
study in theory of computation. Except for the limitations imposed by their finite
6
memory stores, modern computers are said to be Turing-complete, which is to say,
they have algorithm execution capability equivalent to a universal Turing machine.
John Vincent Atanasoff (October 4, 1903 – June 15, 1995) was an American
physicist and inventor, best known for inventing the first electronic digital computer.
Atanasoff invented the first electronic digital computer in the 1930s at Iowa
State College. Challenges to his claim were resolved in 1973 when the Honeywell v.
Sperry Rand lawsuit ruled that Atanasoff was the inventor of the computer. His
special-purpose machine has come to be called the Atanasoff–Berry Computer.
Partly due to the drudgery of using the mechanical Monroe calculator, which
was the best tool available to him while he was writing his doctoral thesis, Atanasoff
began to search for faster methods of computation. At Iowa State, Atanasoff
researched the use of slaved Monroe calculators and IBM tabulators for scientific
problems. In 1936 he invented an analog calculator for analyzing surface geometry.
The fine mechanical tolerance required for good accuracy pushed him to consider
digital solutions.
According to Atanasoff, several operative principles of the Atanasoff–Berry
Computer (ABC) were conceived by the professor in a flash of insight during the
winter of 1937–1938 after a drive to Rock Island, Illinois. With a grant of $650
received in September 1939 and the assistance of his graduate student Clifford
Berry, the ABC was prototyped by November of that year.
The key ideas employed in the ABC included binary math and Boolean logic to
solve up to 29 simultaneous linear equations. The ABC had no central processing unit
(CPU), but was designed as an electronic device using vacuum tubes for digital
computation. It also used separate regenerative capacitor memory that operated by a
process still used today in DRAM memory.
7
Note, however, that there other strands, or versions, to the story, or history, of
claims and credit in the development of computers. See History of computing
hardware.
The bipolar transistor was invented in 1947. From 1955 onwards transistors
replaced vacuum tubes in computer designs, giving rise to the "second generation" of
computers. Compared to vacuum tubes, transistors have many advantages: they are
smaller, and require less power than vacuum tubes, so give off less heat. Silicon
junction transistors were much more reliable than vacuum tubes and had longer,
indefinite, service life. Transistorized computers could contain tens of thousands of
binary logic circuits in a relatively compact space.
At the University of Manchester, a team under the leadership of Tom Kilburn
designed and built a machine using the newly developed transistors instead of valves.
Their first transistorised computer and the first in the world, was operational by 1953,
and a second version was completed there in April 1955. However, the machine did
make use of valves to generate its 125 kHz clock waveforms and in the circuitry to
read and write on its magnetic drum memory, so it was not the first completely
transistorized computer. That distinction goes to the Harwell CADET of 1955, built
by the electronics division of the Atomic Energy Research Establishment at Harwell.
The next great advance in computing power came with the advent of the
integrated circuit. The idea of the integrated circuit was first conceived by a radar
scientist working for the Royal Radar Establishment of the Ministry of Defence,
Geoffrey W.A. Dummer. Dummer presented the first public description of an
integrated circuit at the Symposium on Progress in Quality Electronic Components in
Washington, D.C. on 7 May 1952.
The first practical ICs were invented by Jack Kilby at Texas Instruments and
Robert Noyce at Fairchild Semiconductor. Kilby recorded his initial ideas concerning
the integrated circuit in July 1958, successfully demonstrating the first working
8
integrated example on 12 September 1958.[ In his patent application of 6 February
1959, Kilby described his new device as “a body of semiconductor material ...
wherein all the components of the electronic circuit are completely integrated.”
Noyce also came up with his own idea of an integrated circuit half a year later than
Kilby. His chip solved many practical problems that Kilby's had not. Produced at
Fairchild Semiconductor, it was made of silicon, whereas Kilby's chip was made of
germanium.
This new development heralded an explosion in the commercial and personal
use of computers and led to the invention of the microprocessor. While the subject of
exactly which device was the first microprocessor is contentious, partly due to lack of
agreement on the exact definition of the term "microprocessor", it is largely
undisputed that the first single-chip microprocessor was the Intel 4004, designed and
realized by Ted Hoff, Federico Faggin, and Stanley Mazor at Intel [1].
9
Types of computers
A computer is a general purpose device that can be programmed to carry out a
set of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. Since a sequence of operations
can be readily changed, the computer can solve more than one kind of problem.
Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element,
typically a central processing unit (CPU), and some form of memory. The processing
element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit
can change the order of operations in response to stored information. Peripheral
devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, and the result of
operations saved and retrieved.
Contrary to popular belief, computers existed from antiquity. Any tool used for
calculation could be referred to as a computer. The earliest computers were tally
sticks in use since around 20,000 BC. Mechanical analog computers started appearing
in first century and were used in the medieval era for astronomical calculations. In
World War II, mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military
applications. During this time the first electronic digital computers were developed.
Originally they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several
hundred modern personal computers (PCs) [1].
Modern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times
more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space [2]. Simple
computers are small enough to fit into mobile devices, and mobile computers can be
powered by small batteries. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the
Information Age and are what most people think of as “computers.” However, the
embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and
from toys to industrial robots are the most numerous.
10
Computer console - a computer running preparatory actions needed to run the
main computer system. Such functions may be imposed on a separate machine when
creating the "big" computer systems, such as supercomputers.
On the computer console, as a rule, the monitoring of the state of elements and
nodes of the main computer system, it is also stored in the configuration information
and service tools used for the maintenance and adjustment of the main computer.
A personal computer is a general-purpose computer whose size, capabilities
and original sale price make it useful for individuals, and is intended to be operated
directly by an end-user with no intervening computer operator. This contrasts with
the batch processing or time-sharing models that allowed larger, more expensive
minicomputer and mainframe systems to be used by many people, usually at the same
time. A related term is "PC" that was initially an acronym for "personal computer",
but later became used primarily to refer to the ubiquitous Wintel platform.
Software applications for most personal computers include, but are not limited
to, word processing, spreadsheets, databases, web browsers and e-mail clients, digital
media playback, games and myriad personal productivity and special-purpose
software applications. Modern personal computers often have connections to the
Internet, allowing access to the World Wide Web and a wide range of other
resources. Personal computers may be connected to a local area network (LAN),
either by a cable or a wireless connection. A personal computer may be a desktop
computer or a laptop, netbook, tablet or a handheld PC [2].
Supercomputer - computer, greatly surpasses the technical parameters of most
existing computers. As a rule, modern supercomputers are a large number of highperformance server computers connected to each other local high-speed backbone for
maximum performance within the approach of parallelization of computational tasks.
Supercomputers are used in all areas where applied for solving numerical
simulation; where required a huge amount of complex calculations, processing large
11
amounts of data in real time, or a solution can be found by simple enumeration of the
set of values of the set of initial parameters.
Laptop - portable personal computer, in case of which combined typical PC
components, including a display, a keyboard and a pointing device (usually a touch
panel), as well as batteries. Laptops are small in size and weight, battery life of
laptops varies from 2 to 15 hours.
Laptop computers are able to perform all the same tasks as desktop computers,
although the same price, notebook performance will be significantly lower.
A personal digital assistant (PDA), also known as a handheld PC, or personal
data assistant, is a mobile device that functions as a personal information manager.
The term evolved from Personal Desktop Assistant, a software term for an
application that prompts or prods the user of a computer with suggestions or provides
quick reference to contacts and other lists. PDAs were discontinued in early 2010s
after the widespread adoption of smartphones.
Nearly all PDAs have the ability to connect to the Internet. A PDA has an
electronic visual display, enabling it to include a web browser, all models also have
audio capabilities enabling use as a portable media player, and also enabling most of
them to be used as mobile phones. Most PDAs can access the Internet, intranets or
extranets via Wi-Fi or Wireless Wide Area Networks. Most PDAs employ
touchscreen technology [3].
Smart phone - mobile phone, complete functionality of Pocket PC.
Communicator - Pocket PC, complete functionality of a mobile phone.
Although mobile phones are almost always been additional functions
(calculator, calendar), eventually produced more and more intelligent models to
underscore the increased functionality and processing power of such models
introduced the term "smartphone". In an era of growing popularity of PDA were
produced PDA with phone functions, such devices were called communicators.
12
Currently, the division into smartphones and communicators is overdue, both terms
refer to the same thing.
Smartphones are different from ordinary mobile phones by the presence of
well-developed operating system that is open to the development of third-party
software (operating system mobile phones used to be open to third-party developers).
Install additional applications can significantly improve the functionality of
smartphones compared to conventional mobile phones.
Minicomputer - a term common in the 1960-1980-ies., Belonging to the class
of computers whose sizes ranged from a closet to a small room. Since the late 1980s,
completely superseded by personal computers, called "microcomputers" under the old
classification.
Mainframe - great universal high-performance fault-tolerant server with
significant resources input-output, high-volume operational and external memory for
use in critical systems with intensive batch transactional and operational treatment.
The main developer of mainframe - IBM, and the most famous mainframes she
released within product lines System / 360, 370, 390, zSeries.
Calculator - an electronic computing device to perform operations on numbers
or algebraic formulas.
Calculator replace manual (mechanical) computing devices and appliances,
such as the abacus, abacus, math tables (first of all - a table of logarithms), slide
rules, mechanical and electro-mechanical adding machines [4].
So, a computer is a general purpose device that can be programmed to carry
out a set of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. Nowdays a computer can
solve more than one kind of problem. There are many types of computers.
13
II. The Pros of Computers
On the bases of the analyses of literature and Internet sources we can speak
about the following advantages of using computers by children.
1. Computers saves storage place. Imagine how much paper would have to be
used, how many trees would have to be cut just to store information which is today
on hard disks. Data stored on just one CD in paper form would use room of dozens
square meters and would weight thousands of kilos. Nowadays techniques of
converting data from paper to digital form has also tremendously developed. You can
simply rewrite the text using a keyboard. If you are not good at it you can use a
scanner to scan necessary documents. At least there are special devices which can
transfer our voice into text. Thanks to computers banks, private and government
companies, libraries, and many other institutions can save millions of square meters
and billions of dollars. Nowadays we have access to billions of information and due
to the computer's capabilities we actually don't need to worry not only how to store
them but also how to process them.
2. Computers can calculate and process information faster and more accurate
than human. Sometimes there are false information in newspapers that due to the
computer's mistake something has failed. But it's not truth because machines cannot
make mistakes by it's own. Sometimes it's short circuit, other time it's hardware
problem but most often it is human mistake, someone who designed and wrote the
flawed computer program.
3. Computers improve our lives. They are very useful in office work, we can
write text such as reports and analysis. Compared with old typewriters when using
computers we don't have to worry about making mistakes in typewriting because
special programs helps as to avoid them and we can change them any time. When the
text is finished we can print it in as many copies as we want. At least but not at last,
we can communicate with whole world very fast and cheap using Internet.
14
4. Computers are user-friendly. We can watch videos and listen to the music
having only PC. We don't need video player, TV and stacking hi-fi any more.
Furthermore, we don't have to buy PC's which can take much room due to their other
necessary components and wires. We can always buy laptop or palm top which is
even smaller, and use them outside anywhere we.
5. Computers are also useful when paired up with the learning process, whether
inside or outside of classrooms. Teachers use computers to aid presentations, giving
pupils a more visual educational experience. Students receive the benefit of learning
software designed to teach new concepts in entertaining methods in addition to access
to the Internet for research assistance.
Computers are now use in different fields of education. In the field of teaching
in particular, the wide use of computers are evident in different school in elementary,
high-schools, colleges and universities.
The use of computers in learning provide both advantages and disadvantages in
the learning processes. Computers are advantageous in the sense that these machines
teach more effectively in technical sense, they can reach and teach more students and
kept students more focus with the subject.
The internet access will also allow the students to get different educational
resources from all over the world, thus making the world like a classroom of learning.
It enables him or her to access different ideas as well as learning and knowledge
coming from abroad [5].
The use of computer technology in education makes us prepared for the future.
Computers as used in education allows the learners to learn modern tools and
knowledge that will make him or her ready for the possible technological changes in
the future.
15
III. The Cons of Computers
Even though the computer technology and the Internet provides advantages for
children, we cannot deny the fact that still these technology also provides
disadvantages and these things should also be considered.
1. Computers are dangerous to our health. The monitors used to be dangerous
for our eyesight. Nowadays due to technological development they are very safe. But
there are other threats to our health than damaging our sight. Working with
computers and permanent looking on the monitor can cause epilepsy, especially with
children. Very often parents want to have a rest and don't draw enough attention to
how long their children use computer. This negative effects also concerns TV screen.
2. Computers sometimes brake down. The biggest problem is when our hard
disk brakes down because of the data stored on it. Other hardware is easily
replaceable. But there are many ways of avoiding consequences of loosing our data,
for example by saving it on CDs. Except hardware failures there are also software
ones. For example, for many years Windows Operating System was very unstable
and that's why many other OS were written. Now the most common are Linux,
Windows XP, MacOs (for Macintosh computers). Except of unstable OS another and
maybe the main threat to our data are computer viruses. There are billions of them
and every day new ones come into being. If you have the Internet connection you
have to be particularly careful and download anti-virus programs. Fortunately, there
are also many of them and most of them are freeware. You have to remember to
download updates.
3. Violence. The main threat to younger users of computers are and bloody
games. There are many extremely bloody games such as "grand theft auto", "quake"
etc. For example, in GTA you are a member of mafia and to promote in crime
hierarchy you should kidnap people, steal cars, robe banks etc. As a bonus you can
also run over pedestrians. There are also many games in which you are a soldier and
your mission is to kill as many enemies as possible.
16
4. The other threat is that you can be a computer addict. If you spend most of
your free time using computer you should go to see a psychologist[6].
Thus, we think that the situation is serious. Computers are practically
irreplaceable and we can't make without them any more. They are everywhere, at our
homes, schools, at work, in our cars. It is very possible that the next stage of human
evolution is some kind of superb half human and half machines. On the other hand
we don't think it is the closest future. But the truth is that that computers will rule the
world sooner or later.
17
IV. The Stages of the Research work
The research was conducted in our school for the pupils of the 3rd, 5th, 7th
and 9th forms.
№
1
Stage of reseach
Getting and study of
information
Analysis of information
2
3
4
5
Activity
Searching for information in the Internet
Analyzing pros and cons of using computers by
children, choosing necessary information
Questionnaire survey
Processing research
Design work
Making questionnaire
Analysis of the results of questionnaire survey,
making graphs
Making presentation, posters, reminders, photos
6 Protection of the project
Discussing the project
According to the results of our research [Appendix 1] the most part of the
children of the 3rd form use computer seldom(75%).About 75 % usually sit in front
of video display less than 1 hour a day. All the children believe that computer is
harmful for our health. The most part of children see more harm than advantages in it
( 85%). Half of the children of the 3rd form have unlimited access to computer. Pupils
mostly search for information and play computer games. 80% of children can’t
imagine life without computer. Parents control 75 % of children
18
About 50% of children of the 5th form use computer seldom.40 % use it every
day. About 40% sit in front of the video display more than 2 hours. Half of the
children don’t believe that computer is harmful for our health. 70% think computer
has more advantages than disadvantages. Half of the children of the 5th form has
unlimited access to computer. Pupils mostly play computer games. But the most
strange fact is that 80% of children can imagine life without computer. Parents don’t
control more than 50 %f children.
About 50% of children of the 7th form use computer seldom. About 40 %
usually sit in front of video display more than 2 hours a day. Almost all the children
don’t believe that computer is harmful for our health. The most part of children see
more advantages in it. 60% of the children of the 7th form have unlimited access to
computer. Pupils mostly search for information and communicate with friends by
means of computer. 50% of children can’t imagine life without computer. Parents.
control the most part of children.
About 65% of children of the 9th form use computer every day. About 50% sit
in front of the video display more than 2 hours. 85% of the children t believe that
computer is harmful for our health. The most part think computer has more
advantages than disadvantages. 80 % the children of the 9th form has unlimited
access to computer. Pupils mostly search for information and communicate by means
of computer. 80% of children can’t imagine life without computer. Parents don’t
control almost all children.
So, elder children become more computer addicted .In spite of the fact they
play games more seldom. Elder children mostly search for information
and
communicate .That is they use computer for their study more than for playing games.
And with the years they can’t imagine life without computer.
After the analysis of the questionnaire survey we held discussions with pupils
of our school about safety rules of using computers [Appendix 2].
19
Creating ground rules for computer usage not only helps keep pupils safe, it
also reminds them there is life beyond the laptop.
We came to the conclusion that our work is topical. Computer is our friend. It
helps us to search information for our study, to communicate with our friends, to
watch films, to play . It gives us more advantages if we follow rules and take care of
our health.
20
Conclusion
Computers take a very important part of our life nowdays. We can’t imagine
our life without these machines. It would be incorrect to assert that computers are
absolutely harmful or useful for children. The usage of computers by the children is
very controversial. Elder children become more computer addicted .In spite of that
they play games more seldom. Elder children mostly search for information and
communicate .That is they use computer for their study more than for playing games.
And with the years they can’t imagine life without computer.
The results of the research project
prove that the advantages of using
computers by children are more important and children can’t do without computers
nowdays in spite of the fact there some disadvantages.
Thus we came to the conclusion that computer and children are friends if you
obey the rules of using computer and use it for your study.
Computers are practically irreplaceable and we can't make without them any
more. They are everywhere, at our homes, schools, at work, in our cars. It is very
possible that the next stage of human evolution is some kind of superb half human
and half machines. On the other hand we don't think it is the closest future. But the
truth is that that computers will rule the world sooner or later.
21
List of Sources
1. Website “Wikipedia” https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki
2. “The book about computers” Leontiev V.P. Publisher: "OLMA" Year: 2007-2011.
3. Website “Stackover” http://stackoverflow.com
4. Website “Ehow” http://www.ehow.com
5. Website “Edutopia” http://www.edutopia.org
6. Website “Studymore” http://www.studymode.com
22
Appendix 1
Questionnaire survey
1. How often do you use computer?
2. How long do you usually sit in front of video display?
3. Do you believe that your computer is harmful for you?
4. Do you get more harm or advantage using your computer?
5. Do you have an unlimited access to computer ?
6. What is your computer for you (a way to communicate, search for useful
information, inhouse movies, games)?
7. Can you imagine your life without your computer?
8. Do your parents control your using of computer?
23
Appendix 2
Safety Rules for Teenagers’ Computer Usage
These rules for computer usage can help keep you safe.
1. Make it a rule that all homework and chores must be completed before you
play a video game or chat online with friends.
2. You shouldn’t sit before video display more than 1hour a day.
3. You should sit up straight.
4. You have to sit in front of your monitor at arm's length.
5. While sitting before video display have a rest and just do some physical
exercises.
6. From time to time do special exercises for your eyes.
7. Never post any personal information on either site, including a home address or
telephone number.
8. Remain thoughtful when posting or sharing pictures. It's never acceptable to
share an inappropriate picture or participate in cyber bullying.
Remember that there is life beyond the laptop!
24
Appendix 3
Children use computers every day
3rd form
5th form
7th form
9th form
25
Appendix 4
Children sit in front of video display
more than 1 hour
3rd form
5th form
7th form
9th form
Children sit in front of video display
less than 1 hour
3rd form
5th form
7th form
9th form
26
Appendix 5
Children get more harm using computers
3rd form
5th form
7th form
9th form
Children get more advantage using
computers
3rd form
5th form
7th form
9th form
27
Appendix 6
Children believe that their computers
are harmful for health
3rd form
5th form
7th form
9th form
28
Appendix 7
Children get more harm using
computers
3rd form
5th form
7th form
9th form
Children get more advantage using
computers
3rd form
5th form
7th form
9th form
29
Appendix 8
Children have an unlimited access to
computer
3rd form
5th form
7th form
9th form
30
Appendix 9
Children use computers to
communicate
3rd form
5th form
7th form
9th form
Children using computers for useful
information
3rd form
5th form
7th form
9th form
31
Appendix 10
Children using computers for watching
films
3rd form
5th form
7th form
9th form
Children using computers for games
3rd form
5th form
7th form
9th form
32
Appendix 11
Children can imagine life without
computers
3rd form
5th form
7th form
9th form
33
Appendix 12
Parents control children
3rd form
5th form
7th form
9th form
34