Plans for Commercial
Building Benchmarking R&D
in 2006
Martha Brook
California Energy Commission
PIER Buildings Program
presented to the EPAC on December 9, 2005
Collaboration on Benchmarking
Tools with U.S. EPA
Goal: Improve the Energy Star Portfolio Manager’s
representation of California buildings
Approach:
•
•
•
Work with U.S. EPA and ORNL to incorporate recent CA
bldg characterization data (CEUS) into Portfolio
Manager’s benchmarking models
EPA and ORNL will also be incorporating new national
building characterization data (CBECS) into Portfolio
Manager
New building models will be released in updates to
Portfolio Manager throughout 2006
2
Action-oriented Benchmarking
Goal: Provide energy benchmarks that
encourage energy efficiency improvements
Approach:
•
•
•
•
•
Work with LBNL to leverage the CEUS data and build
complementary benchmarking tools for CA
Develop data link with Portfolio Manager to exchange
benchmarking information
Find out more about your
California building
CA benchmarking server will provide additional
comparisons and insights…
3
Proposed Action-Oriented
Benchmarking Tool
California has a number of simple benchmarking tools….
Id
ESD Energy Benchmark Report
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AVERAGE ANNUAL ELECTRIC USAGE (kWh) PER SQUARE FOOT
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…Future end-use benchmarking tools can identify
specific retrofit actions to improve performance 4
Proposed Action-Oriented
Benchmarking Tool
• Web-based
• Based on new California End Use Survey
data
• Data-sharing with other benchmarking tools
and Energy Information Systems
wb_gptyp_enduse_yb_lights
wb-typgp-enduse
• Benchmarks performance of
Whole Building EUI
Whole Building EUI
Good Practice
building end-uses
Good Practice
• Compares your building to
Your Building
Your Building
typical and good practice
Typical Typical
• Drills down to identify
retrofit and other
10
20
3040
4050
50 60 60 70 7
0
100
20
30
Whole Building
Use Intensity
(kBtu/ft
-year)
Whole Building
Energy Energy
Use Intensity
(kBtu/ft
-year)
opportunities to improve
Space Heating
Lighting Lighting
Space Heating
Space Cooling and Ventilation
Water Heating
and Ventilation Water Heating
your building’s performance Space Cooling
5
Miscellaneous
Not Submetered
2
Miscellaneous
Not Submetered
2
Action-Oriented Benchmarking:
Benchmarking to Retrofit Options
wb
1. Basic Energy Use Intensity (EUI)
 Building Type
 Climate Zone
 Floor Area
 Energy Use
Whole Building EUI
Good Practice
Your Building
Typical
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Whole Building Energy Use Intensity (kBtu/ft2-year)
wb-typgp-enduse
Whole Building EUI
Good Practice
2. Default End Uses
Specify your
building’s
end-uses
Your Building
Typical
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Whole Building Energy Use Intensity (kBtu/ft2-year)
Lighting
Space Heating
Space Cooling and Ventilation
Water Heating
Miscellaneous
Not Submetered
wb_gptyp_enduse_yb_lights
Whole Building EUI
Good Practice
3. Calculate your building’s end uses
 Detailed
end-use
characteristics
Your Building
Typical
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Whole Building Energy Use Intensity (kBtu/ft2-year)
Lighting
Space Heating
Space Cooling and Ventilation
Water Heating
Miscellaneous
Not Submetered
wb_light_retrofit
Whole Building EUI
Good Practice
4. Retrofit Options & Results
 Select retrofit
options
by end use
Lighting Retrofit
Your Building
Typical
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Whole Building Energy Use Intensity (kBtu/ft2-year)
Lighting
Space Heating
Space Cooling and Ventilation
Water Heating
6
Miscellaneous
Not Submetered
1. Energy Use Intensities
Compare your building’s energy use intensities (EUIs) to
typical and good practice cases:
elec
– By type and climate
– By fuel (electricity and natural gas)
or whole building
– kBtu/ft2-yr site or source energy units
Electricity EUI
Good Practice
Your Building
wb
Typical
Whole Building EUI
0
Good Practice
5
10
15
20
gas Use Intensity (kWh/ft2-year)
Electricity Energy
Natural Gas EUI
Good Practice
Your Building
Your Building
Typical
Typical
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Whole Building Energy Use Intensity (kBtu/ft2-year)
70
0
5
10
15
Natural Gas Energy Use Intensity (kBtu/ft2-year)
7
20
2. Default End-Uses
Review default end-use distributions for typical and
good practice:
elec-typgp-end
Electricity EUI
Good Practice
– By fuel (electricity and natural gas)
– Specify your building’s end uses:
Your Building
Typical
• Lighting
• Space Heating and Cooling
– Heating
– Cooling
– Fans and Ventilation
• Water Heating
• Miscellaneous
–
–
–
–
–
Office Equipment
Refrigeration
Cooking
Outdoor Lighting
Other Misc.
wb-typgp-enduse
0
5
10
15
20
2
Electricity End Use Intensity (kWh/ft -year)
Whole Building EUI
Lighting
Space Heating
gas_typgd_end
Space Cooling and Ventilation
Water Heating
Miscellaneous
Not Submetered
Good Practice
Gas EUI
Good Practice
Your Building
Your Building
Typical
Typical
0
10
20 0
30
5
40
10
50
60
15
70
20
22
Gas Energy Use Intensity (kBtu/ft -year)
Whole Building
Energy
Use Intensity
(kBtu/ft
-year)
Space Heating
Space Cooling and Ventilation
Water Heating
Miscellaneous
Not Submetered
Lighting
Space Cooling and Ventilation
Miscellaneous
Space Heating
Water Heating
Not Submetered
8
3. Calculate End-Use Energy – Lighting
Use simplified methods to estimate
end-use consumption:
elec_typgp_end_yb_lights
Electricity EUI
Good Practice
Base
Case
Lighting
Lighting power, W (watts/ft2)
Lighting control factor, Co
(no occupancy sensors)
1.5
Typical
0
1
5wb-typgp-enduse
10
15
2
wb_gptyp_enduse_yb_lights
Electricity End Use Intensity (kWh/ft -year)
0.9
Main shift occupied hours, Ho
(hours/week)
50
20%
5.2
Estimated Lighting EUI
(kBtu/ft2-year)
18
Space HeatingWhole Building EUI
Water Heating
Not Submetered
YourYour
Building
Building
Typical
Typical
0
Estimated Lighting EUI
(kWh/ft2-year)
20
Whole Building
Lighting
Good Practice
Space Cooling and Ventilation
Good Practice
Miscellaneous
Diversity Factor, Df
(actual % of lighting power
used)
Percent of lighting load during
off hours, Lu
Your Building
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
10 Building
20 Energy 30
40 (kBtu/ft
502-year) 60
Whole
Use Intensity
2
Whole Building Energy
Intensity (kBtu/ft -year
Space Use
Heating
Lighting
Space Cooling and Ventilation
Lighting
Miscellaneous
Water Heating
Space Heating
Not Submetered
Space Cooling and Ventilation
Miscellaneous
Water Heating
Not Submetered
9
Lighting EUI (kBtu/ft2-year) = (52 weeks/year) x (Ho x Co + (1-Ho)xLu) x Df x W) x (kW/1000W) x (3.412 kBtu/kW)
4. Select Retrofits – Indoor Lighting
Possible Lighting Retrofits:
 Lamp Replacement (T-12 to T-8)
 Hi-efficiency Ballast
 Incandescent to CFL conversion
 Occupancy Sensors
 Lighting Controls
 Rezoning
Lighting Retrofit:
lamps, occupancy sensors, rezoning
Base Case
Retrofit
1.5
1.2
1
0.7
Diversity Factor, Df (actual % of lighting power used)
0.9
0.9
Main shift occupied hours, Ho (hours/week)
50
50
Percent of lighting load during off hours, Lu
20%
10%
Estimated Lighting EUI (kWh/ft2-year)
5.2
2.6
Estimated Lighting EUI (kBtu/ft2-year)
18
9
Lighting power, W (watts/ft2)
Lighting control factor, Co
10
4. Evaluate Retrofits
Before
After
wb_light_retrofit
elec_light_retrofit
Electricity EUI
Whole Building EUI
Good Practice
Good Practice
Lighting Retrofit
Lighting Retrofit
wb-typgp-enduse
Your Building
Your Building
Whole Building EUI
Good Practice
Typical
Typical
Your Building
0
5
10
15
20
0
2
20
30
40
50
60
2
Electricity End UseTypical
Intensity (kWh/ft -year)
Lighting
Space Cooling and Ventilation
Miscellaneous
10
Whole Building Energy Use Intensity (kBtu/ft -year)
Space Heating
Lighting
Space Heating
Water Heating
0
10
20
30
40 Cooling
50 and 60
70 Water Heating
Space
Ventilation
Not Submetered Whole Building Energy UseMiscellaneous
2
Not Submetered
Intensity (kBtu/ft -year)
Lighting
Space Cooling and Ventilation
Miscellaneous
Space Heating
Water Heating
Not Submetered
11
7