• !
"#
– "%%
#
– !
• "
#
at all time outside the element :
d B
0
dt
• at all time inside the element :
dQenc
0
dt
$
• • • #! #"!
$! !
%! !
&! !
&
#")-
#%.3.4
$26
#
+% 34
1$7
#- #+ #
)34
+#
+(34
1$
%##
) 34
$
%#! %&
* %34
1
%#
%##$$%
191
304
1
%# )%
$$34
31426
%#!%
#34
19$19$10
&),
+#34
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#-34
19$1901$
&
%$34
179$17
8
$
"
"
$
!
#
#
• • • %)!+(*-)($),&
• "#
,
• "
v ij dw
dq
! • dq
i
dt
t
q(t) = i(t)dt
• • i
• $(%
• p
dw
dt
• "#$!!"#%
• "#$!!"#%
&'
NOTE: this does not mean the power is negative. It depends on the numerical values of v and i
Example: v = -1 V, i = 1 A
= -vi = 1W
• • – – • !
– #""
$
– #""
$
#
$
#
$
&'
• v ij = 0
loop l
• ik = 0
node k
!"
• V BATTERY
+
–
• V BATTERY
+
–
d B
E• dl = L
dt
a
b
c
c
a
b
E• dl + E• dl + E• dl = 0
Vac + Vba + Vcb = 0
• V BATTERY
+
–
dQenc
J • dS = S
dt
I ca + I ba + I da = 0