A Common Standard
Of Training for
Maritime SAR Unit Coxswains,
Mechanics & Crew Members
November 2002
Amendment: August 2011
Contents and layout by ILF Working Group comprising representatives from:
ILF Secretariat (UK)
DGzRS, Germany
KNRM, Netherlands
NSSR, Norway
SSRS, Sweden
RNLI, United Kingdom
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Contents
I Introduction and Preamble
II Definition of Terms
III Primary Positions on Board a MSRU
2
3
4
IV Coxswain
IV.1 Mandatory Minimum Requirements for Certification
IV.2 Minimum Knowledge for Certification
5
5
6
V Mechanic
V.1 Mandatory Minimum Requirements for Certification
V.2 Minimum Knowledge for Certification
V.2.1 Mechanics on MSRU’s of less than 750 kW
V.2.1.1 Elementary theoretical Knowledge
V.2.1.2 Adequate practical Knowledge
V.2.2 Mechanics on MSRU’s of 750 kW and more
V.2.2.1 Elementary theoretical Knowledge
V.2.2.2 Adequate practical Knowledge
Exception
15
15
15
15
15
16
17
17
18
VI Radio Operator
VI.1 Minimum Requirements for Certification
VI.2 Minimum additional Knowledge for Certification
19
19
19
VII Ordinary Crew
VII.1 Minimum Requirements
VII.2 Basic Safety Knowledge
VII.3 Additional Knowledge
20
20
20
20
VIII Trainee
VIII.1 Basic Safety Training
VIII.2 Guidance for Personal Survival Techniques
22
23
IX Mandatory Minimum Requirements to Ensure the
Continued Proficiency and Updating of Knowledge for
MSRU-Crew
26
X Watch keeping
27
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Introduction
1. These standards were developed in 2000, jointly by a working group comprising
senior representatives from a number of European National Maritime Search and
Rescue Organisations (NMSAROs), all members of the International Maritime
Rescue Federation (IMRF) and the IMRF Secretariat. They were developed as a
recommended Common Standard for all crew members manning Maritime Search
and Rescue Units.
2. Personnel serving on some maritime rescue units (MSRUs) which, on account of
operational limitations, for example due to the small size of the craft, lack of
equipment carried, or weather limitations, will not be required to have either the
knowledge or the competency in every section of these standards - for example if no
radar is fitted to the rescue unit, the section laying down the standards for radar
navigation will not apply.
3. These recommended standards are also offered to IMRF Members and any others
engaged in the training of maritime surface search and rescue personnel.
4. Initially, the standards were developed using as a basis, the International Maritime
Organisation (IMO) Standards of Certificate and Watch keeping for Fishing Vessels
(STCW(F)), but with the Working Group deleting references to fishing and
substituting items specific to Search and Rescue and making other such
amendments as were deemed necessary to cover all operational aspects of this
specialised task.
5. These standards must be and continue to be suitable for purpose and thus will be
continuously reviewed by the IMRF Secretariat. Accordingly; all users are warmly
invited to send any proposed changes to the IMRF Secretariat at the new address.
All proposals will be acknowledged and considered by the Working Group.
6. These standards of training, certification and watch keeping for Maritime Search and
Rescue Unit (MSRU) crewmembers are recommended as the minimum for every
National Maritime Search and Rescue Organisation (NMSARO).
7. Each National Maritime Search and Rescue Organisation (NMSARO) may increase
these requirements if it is deemed necessary.
8. Nothing in these requirements should preclude the MSRU Coxswain from utilizing
additional personnel to carry out his/her search and rescue mission in a safe and
expeditious manner should they find that they have insufficient registered and trained
crew at the station. These additional personnel should be in good health, have
suitable qualifications and preferably, should be known to the Coxswain and/or
members of his/her crew.
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II. Definition of terms
National Maritime Search & Rescue
Organisation (NMSARO)
The organisation which provides the
maritime surface element of the national
SAR Service by operating, maintaining and
manning maritime Search and Rescue Units.
National Maritime Search and
Rescue Unit (MSRU)
A maritime unit composed of trained
personnel and provided with equipment
suitable for the expeditious conduct of
search and rescue operations (As defined in
the SAR-Convention).
Coxswain
The master and person commanding a
MSRU.
Mechanic
The crewmember aboard a MSRU who is
responsible for the safe operation of the
propulsion and auxiliary systems.
Radio Operator
The crewmember(s) who perform(s) the
radio communication function on board a
MSRU.
Ordinary Crew
Any qualified crewmember aboard a MSRU.
Trainee Crew
A new crewmember during his/her
probationary period.
Crew member
Any person forming the crew of a MSRU
(including Coxswain, Mechanic, Radio
Operator etc.)
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ABBREVIATIONS
IMRF
MSRU
NMSARO
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III. Primary Positions on Board a Maritime Search
Rescue Unit (MSRU)
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IV. Coxswain
IV.1 Mandatory minimum requirements for certification of
a Coxswain in Command of a Maritime Search &
Rescue Unit
Every coxswain in command of a MSRU shall:
IV.1.1
Hold an appropriate certificate.
IV.1.2
Be of an age appropriate to the NMSARO and national law;
IV.1.3
Satisfy the NMSARO as to the standard laid down of medical fitness,
particularly regarding eyesight and hearing.
IV.1.4
Have passed appropriate examinations for the assessment of
competency to the satisfaction of the NMSARO and the National
Administration.
IV.1.5
Meet the applicable requirements for performing designated radio
duties in accordance with the Radio Regulations (Radio-operator
certificate).
IV.1.6
Be fully conversant with all the recommendations in respect of training
of crewmembers serving on MSRU´s.
IV.1.7
Have approved seagoing service in the NMSARO or other approved
seagoing service as deemed necessary. If sea time is not with the
NMSARO, then he or she is to undertake training relating to specific
elements of MSRU work at sea. Such training is to be of a duration
deemed necessary by each NMSARO.
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IV. Coxswain
IV.2 Minimum knowledge for certification of a Coxswain in
Command of a Maritime Search & Rescue Unit
The syllabus given below is compiled for examination of candidates for certification as
coxswain of a MSRU. Bearing in mind that the coxswain has ultimate responsibility for
the safety of the MSRU and its crew at all times, examination in these subjects shall be
designed to test that the candidate has assimilated properly all available information that
affects the safety of the MSRU and its crew in accordance with the syllabus.
IV.2.1 Navigation and position determination
IV.2.1.1
Passage planning and navigation for all conditions:
IV.2.1.1.1
By acceptable methods determination of course lines in open sea;
IV.2.1.1.2
Within restricted waters;
IV.2.1.1.3
In restricted visibility;
IV.2.1.1.4
Where applicable, in traffic separation schemes; and
IV.2.1.1.5
In areas affected by special sea conditions and other local dangers.
I V.2.1.2 Position determination:
IV.2.1.2.1
By terrestrial observations, including the ability to take and use
bearings from landmarks and aids to navigation such as lighthouses,
beacons and buoys in conjunction with appropriate charts, notices to
mariners and other publications to assess the accuracy of the resulting
position fix; and
IV.2.1.2.2
By using, to the satisfaction of the NMSARO, modern electronic
navigational aids with specific reference to knowledge of their operating
principles, limitations, sources of error, detection of misrepresentation
of information and methods of correction to obtain accurate position
fixing.
IV.2.1.2.2b
Acknowledgement of the delaying effect of high speed on the electronic
chart, especially when working on a bigger scale, if appropriate
IV.2.1.2.3
Calculate latitude and longitude and/or range & bearing of position
waypoint.
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IV.2.2 Chart work
IV.2.2.1
Correctly identify chart symbols.
IV.2.2.2
Measure distance - understand the different values of a minute of
latitude.
IV.2.2.3
Correctly identify light characteristics and fog signals from the chart.
IV.2.2.4
Correctly identify buoyage.
IV.2.2.5
Plot an observed position made by either observation or electronic
means and mark correctly on the chart.
IV.2.2.6
Plot a Dead Reckoning (DR) position and mark correctly on the chart.
IV.2.2.7
Plot an Estimated Position (EP) and mark correctly on the chart.
IV.2.2.8
Calculate a course to steer making allowance for tide and current.
IV.2.2.9
Calculate a true course taking into account variation and deviation.
IV.2.2.10
Correctly use chart work tools carried aboard the MSRU.
IV.2.2.11
Plot a transit bearing.
IV.2.2.12
Be able to use all navigational publications of the area as appropriate
including those on tides and currents.
IV.2.2.13
Be able to calculate times and heights of high and low water at primary
and secondary ports and estimate the rate and direction of tidal
streams, if appropriate.
IV.2.3 Watch keeping
IV.2.3.1
Demonstrate a thorough knowledge of the content, application and
intent of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea,
1972 (with all amendments in force including pertinent national
modifications).
IV.2.3.2
Demonstrate knowledge of Basic Principles to be observed in
maintaining a Safe Navigational Watch.
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IV.2.4 Radar navigation
IV.2.4.1
Demonstrate a thorough theoretical and practical knowledge of the
fundamentals of radar and ability in the operation and use of radar, and in
the interpretation and analysis of information obtained from the equipment
including the following:
IV.2.4.1.1
Factors affecting performance and accuracy; with special awareness to
the effect of high speed, if appropriate
IV.2.4.1.2
Setting up, shutting down and maintaining displays in an optimum
operating condition;
IV.2.4.1.3
Detection of misrepresentation of information, false echoes, sea return;
IV.2.4.1.4
Range and bearing;
IV.2.4.1.5
Identification of critical echoes;
IV.2.4.1.6
True course and speed of other ships;
IV.2.4.1.7
Bearing, distance and time of closest position of approach (CPA) of
crossing, meeting or overtaking ships;
IV.2.4.1.8
Detecting changes in course and speed of other ships;
IV.2.4.1.9
Effect of changes in own vessel’s course or speed or both; and
IV.2.4.1.10
Application of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at
Sea, 1972; (With all amendments in force)
IV.2.4.1.11
Carry out the correct procedure following a knockdown or capsize to
restore the radar to the operating state;
IV.2.4.1.12
Calculate the course to intercept;
IV.2.4.1.13
Select and set up points for and operate parallel indices;
IV.2.4.1.14
Input waypoints from GPS (if appropriate);
IV.2.4.1.15
Operate radar in conjunction with other aids to navigation to navigate
safely by blind pilotage;
IV.2.4.1.16
Demonstrate ability to identify navigational features on radar from charted
data.
IV.2.4.1.17
Demonstrate the ability to identify navigational features on charted
medium from the radar picture.
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IV.2.5 Meteorology
IV.2.5.1
Have a knowledge of the meteorological instruments fitted aboard the
MSRU and their application.
IV.2.5.2
Have an ability to apply meteorological information available.
IV.2.5.3
Have a knowledge of characteristics of various weather systems.
IV.2.5.4
Have a knowledge of weather conditions, such as fog, liable to endanger
the vessel.
IV.2.5.5
Have a knowledge of sea states.
IV.2.5.6
Know how to obtain weather forecasts and determine information from
them.
IV.2.5.7
Have a knowledge of wind scales.
IV.2.6 MSRU manoeuvring and handling
IV.2.6.1
Manoeuvring and handling of a MSRU in all conditions, including if
appropriate, for the local operation of the MSRU:-
IV.2.6.1.1
Berthing, unberthing from alongside berth or mooring and anchor work
under various conditions of wind and tide;
IV.2.6.1.2
Manoeuvring in shallow water;
IV.2.6.1.3
Management and handling of a MSRU in heavy weather, including
appropriate speed in any seas, assisting a ship or aircraft in distress,
means of maintaining a casualty vessel head to sea thereby lessening
drift;
IV.2.6.1.4
Manoeuvring the MSRU during SAR operations, with special regard to
factors which could adversely affect the safety of the crew or the MSRU
during such operations;
IV.2.6.1.5
Precautions in manoeuvring for launch and recovery of a daughter boat
(where fitted);
IV.2.6.1.6
Methods of taking on board survivors from any lifesaving appliances or
other floating objects and from the water;
IV.2.6.1.7
Transferring personnel from the MSRU to casualty craft or survivors from
the casualty craft to the MSRU - including stretcher-borne survivors.
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IV. Coxswain
IV.2.6.1.8
Where appropriate launch from and recovery onto beach.
IV.2.6.1.9
Be fully conversant with the safe launch and recovery of the MSRU being
operated;
IV.2.6.1.10
Be aware of the importance of proceeding at reduced speed in areas of
high traffic density and in rivers and marinas not only to avoid damage
caused to other vessels and/or persons aboard them by the MSRU bow
wave or wake, but also to create time to think and decline the chance on
and effects of collision.
IV.2.6.1.11
rules.
Abide by the regulations concerning high speed. Check on existing HS
IV.2.7 MSRU´s construction and stability
IV.2.7.1
Have a basic knowledge of the principal structural members of a vessel
and the proper names of the various parts.
IV.2.7.2
Have a basic knowledge of the theories and factors affecting trim and
stability and measures necessary to preserve safe trim and stability
especially, but not restricted to, casualty vessels when making water,
towing, icing, free surface effect and deck load
IV.2.7.3
Have a basic knowledge of the significance of weather tight and watertight
integrity.
IV.2.8 MSRU´s power plants
IV.2.8.1
Have a basic knowledge of the operating principles and systems of marine
power plants in MSRU´s.
IV.2.8.2
Have a basic knowledge of MSRU’s auxiliary machinery and systems.
IV.2.8.3
.
IV.2.8.4
Have a basic knowledge of marine engineering terms
Have a thorough knowledge of main engine start and stop routines.
IV.2.9 Fire prevention and fire-fighting appliances
IV.2.9.1
Participation in an approved fire-fighting course including:-
IV.2.9.1.1
Organisation of own MSRU fire drills.
IV.2.9.1.2
Classes and chemistry of fire.
IV.2.9.1.3
Fire-fighting systems.
IV.2.9.1.4
Knowledge of fire-fighting equipment.
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IV. Coxswain
IV.2. 9.1.5
The risks involved in fighting fire at sea, limitations of issued safety
protective clothing and limits of safe working. Use of fire protection suits
when available on MSRU.
IV.2.9.1.6
The danger of entering tanks on ships and the precautions to take before
entering holds or other compartments, particularly when help to an
unconscious person in such a compartment is needed.
IV.2.9.1.7
The danger of oxygen consuming substances.
IV.2.9.1.8
The danger of certain chemical cargoes, with a basic knowledge of the
kinds of hazards likely to be encountered. Basic knowledge of the
behaviour of chemicals and gases.
IV.2.10 Emergency procedures, own MSRU
IV.2.10.1
Precautions when emergency beaching a MSRU.
IV.2.10.2
Action to be taken prior to, and after grounding.
IV.2.10.3
Floating an accidentally grounded vessel, with and without assistance.
IV.2.10.4
Action to be taken following a collision.
IV.2.10.5
Temporary plugging of leaks in own MSRU and own damage control.
IV.2.10.6
Measures for the protection and safety of crew in emergencies.
IV.2.10.7
Limiting damage and salving the MSRU following a fire or explosion.
IV.2.10.8
Abandoning a MSRU.
IV.2.10.9
Use of emergency steering and rigging.
IV.2.10.10
Man-overboard procedures.
IV.2.10.11
Towing
IV.2.10.12
MSRU knockdown or roll-over
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IV. Coxswain
IV.2.11 Medical Care
IV.2.11.1
A thorough knowledge of officially recognised national First Aid
Procedures.
IV.2.11.2
Knowledge of the specific medical equipment used on the MSRU.
IV.2.11.3
Knowledge of procedures for obtaining medical advice by radio.
IV.2.11.4
Knowledge of the appropriate care required during transportation of a
casualty in relation to the actual circumstances, like the limitations of the
MSRU, the weather conditions and the medical needs of the casualty.
IV.2.12 English Language
The minimum standard is to be an adequate knowledge of the English language
enabling the coxswain to communicate with other ships or rescue co-ordination centres
and have the ability to understand and use the IMO Standard Marine Communication
Phrases publication.
IV.2.13 Communications
IV.2.13.1
General knowledge of the principles and basic factors necessary for the
safe and efficient use of all sub-systems and equipment required by the
Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS).
IV.2.13.2
Knowledge of official navigational and meteorological warning systems
(NAVTEX) and the selection of the appropriate shore based services for
the exchange of routine communications.
IV.2.13.3
Knowledge of the adverse effect of misuse of such communication
equipment.
IV.2.13.4
Knowledge and correct use of all SAR communications procedures.
IV.2.14 Life-Saving
IV.2.14.1
A thorough knowledge of the life-saving appliances and arrangements
carried aboard the MSRU.
IV.2.14.2
A thorough knowledge of emergency procedures and drills, relevant to the
class of the MSRU concerned.
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IV.2.15 Search and Rescue
IV.2.15.1
A thorough knowledge of the IAMSAR Manual (Vol. III) and of other
operational plans corresponding to IMO SAR-Convention.
IV.2.15.2
Be competent at design and execution of all relevant search plans in
IAMSAR Vol III.
IV.2.15.3
Have a thorough knowledge of the Standard Operating Procedures
(SOPs) or other laid down procedures for the safe and efficient operation
of all Search and Rescue equipment carried aboard the MSRU.
IV.2.15.4
Be competent at all aspects of operation with a SAR helicopter including
HI Line- technique and transferring personnel including stretcher cases.
IV.2.15.5
Be competent at recovery of survivors from the sea, a vessel in distress or
stranded on cliffs or from the shoreline.
IV.2.15.6
Be competent at recovery of persons from any lifesaving appliances and
other floating objects
IV.2.15.7
Be competent in making the decision as to whether or not it is advisable to
recover survivors in certain difficult situations, having particular regard to
the safety limits of the MSRU and her crew.
IV.2.15.8
Be competent at recovery of casualty vessel by towing astern or
alongside.
IV.2.15.9
Be competent in the use of drogues.
IV.2.15.10
Be competent in the safe transportation of survivors, especially those
injured.
IV.2.15.11
Be able to determine the position of the casualty and conduct a thorough
search of the designated area and be able to undertake the duties of On
Scene Co-ordinator (OSC) [as defined in IAMSAR] if required.
Be competent to take the decision as it is possible to accept the function
of OSC, when asked for or to deny the OSC function if circumstances
mandate to do so.
IV.2.15.12
Be competent at limiting damage and salvaging a vessel following a fire or
explosion within the limits of safety and possibilities of the crew.
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IV. Coxswain
IV.2.16 Seamanship
IV.2.16.1
Be able to identify type, strength and condition of rope and wire cordage
used aboard the MSRU.
IV.2.16.2
Understand characteristics, appropriate use and limitations including Safe
Working Load (SWL) or national equivalent of rope and wire cordage used
aboard the MSRU.
IV.2.16.3
Be competent at making basic bends, hitches and splices in rope cordage.
IV.2.16.4
Be competent at basic rigging including securing to bollards and cleats,
care and inspection and stowage of ropes and wires.
IV.2.16.5
Plan anchorage, safely deploy and recover anchor.
IV.2.16.6
Be competent at veering down.
IV.2.16.7
Be personally competent and be able to instruct a crew member in how to
make a craft safe for towing, particularly a sailing vessel.
IV.2.16.8
Be personally competent and be able to instruct a crew member in how to
secure a tow to casualty vessels of all types.
V. Mechanic
V1. Mandatory minimum requirements for Certification of a
Maritime Search & Rescue Unit Mechanic
Every mechanic serving on a MSRU shall:
V.1.1 Hold the appropriate certificate.
V.1.2 Be of appropriate age as required by national law or NMSARO.
V.1.3 Satisfy the NMSARO as to the standard laid down for medical fitness.
V.1.4 Have verified his/her competency in relation to the satisfaction / the standards of
the NMSARO.
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V.2 Minimum knowledge
V.2.1
Mandatory minimum knowledge required for the certification of a
mechanic of a maritime search and rescue unit powered by main
propulsion machinery of less than750 kw propulsion power.
The syllabus given below is compiled for the examination of candidates for
less than 750 kW propulsion power. Examination in these subjects shall
be designed to test that the candidate has assimilated properly all
available information that affects the safe operation of the MSRU’s
machinery.
V.2.1.1
Every candidate shall possess sufficient elementary theoretical knowledge
to understand the basic principles involved in the following subjects:
V.2.1.1.1
Combustion processes
V.2.1.1.2
Electrical circuitry
V.2.1.1.3
Fuel system
V.2.1.1.4
Lubricating system
V.2.1.1.5
Air admission
V.2.1.1.6
Cooling system
V.2.1.1.7
Power transfer (engine – propeller/jet, as appropriate)
V. Mechanic
V.2.1.1.8
Steering gear
V.2.1.1.9
Freeing appliances
V.2.1.1.10
Firefighting system
V.2.1.1.11
Lubricants
V.2.1.1.12
Fuels
V.2.1.1.13
Coolants
V.2.1.1.14
Environmental protection instructions
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V.2.1.2 Every candidate shall possess adequate practical
knowledge in at least the following subjects:
V.2. 1.2.1
Operation and maintenance of:
V.2.1.2.1.1
Marine diesel engines and auxiliary installations, as appropriate
V.2.1.2.1.2
Marine petrol engines and auxiliary installations, as appropriate
V.2.1.2.2
Periodical maintenance service
V.2.1.2.3
Differing seasonal and bad weather operations
V.2. 1.2.4
Review of operation values, limit values
V.2.1.2.5
Simple fault diagnosis at transgression of limit values
V.2.1.2.6
Opportunities of emergency operations at breakdown of partial systems or
the complete system, emergency repairs
V.2.1.2.7
Structure of operation and maintenance-manuals
V.2.1.2.8
Checks after unpredictable incidents:
V.2.1.2.8.1
Grounding
V.2.1.2.8.2
Collision
V.2.1.2.8.3
Wash of the sea
V.2.1.2.8.4
Fire
V 2. 2 Minimum knowledge required for certification of a
Mechanic of a Maritime Search and Rescue Unit powered
by main propulsion machinery of 750kw propulsion power
or more
The syllabus given below is compiled for examination of candidates for certification as
mechanic of MSRU powered by main propulsion machinery of 750 kW propulsion power
or more. Examination in these subjects shall be designed to test that the candidate has
assimilated properly all available information that affects the safe operation of the
MSRU’s machinery.
With respect to paragraphs V.2. 2.1.4 and V.2. 2.2.1 below, the NMSARO may omit
knowledge requirements for types of propulsion machinery other than machinery
installations for which the certificate to be awarded is to be valid. A certificate awarded
on such a basis shall not be valid for any category of machinery installation which has
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been omitted until the mechanic proves to be competent in these items to the
satisfaction of the NMSARO. Any such limitation shall be stated in the certificate.
V.2.2.1 Every candidate shall possess sufficient
elementary theoretical knowledge to understand the basic
principles involved in the following subjects:
V.2.2.1.1
Combustion processes;
V.2.2.1.2
Heat transmission;
V.2.2.1.3
Mechanics and hydromechanics, Marine diesel or other propulsion
engines; as appropriate;
V.2.2.1.4
Steering gear systems;
V.2.2.1.5
Properties of fuels and lubricants;
V.2.2.1.6
Properties of materials;
V.2.2.1.7
Fire-extinguishing agents;
V.2.2.1.8
Marine electrical equipment;
V.2.2.1.9
Automation, instrumentation and control systems;
V.2.2.1.10
Search & Rescue unit construction, including stability and damage control;
V.2.2.1.11
Auxiliary systems.
V.2.2.1.12
Every candidate shall possess a limited knowledge of international law as
embodied in international agreements and conventions as they affect the
specific obligations and responsibilities of the engine department,
particularly those concerning safety and the protection of the marine
environment. The extent of knowledge of national maritime legislation is
left to the discretion of the NMSARO, but shall include arrangements for
implementing international agreements and conventions in so far as they
affect MSRUs and SAR operations.
V.2.2.2. Every candidate shall possess adequate practical
knowledge in at least the following subjects:
V.2.2.2.1
Operation and maintenance of Marine diesel or other propulsion engines;
as appropriate:
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V.2.2.2.2
V.2.2.2.3
Operation and maintenance of auxiliary machinery systems, including
steering gear systems;
Operation, testing and maintenance of electrical and control equipment;
V.2.2.2.4
Detection of machinery malfunction, location of faults and action to
prevent damage;
V.2.2.2.5
Organisation of safe maintenance and repair procedures;
V.2.2.2.6
Methods of, and aids for, fire prevention, detection and extinction;
V.2.2.2.7
Regulations to be observed regarding operational or accidental pollution of
the marine environment and methods and aids to prevent such pollution;
V.2.2.2.8
First aid related to injuries which might be expected in machinery spaces
and use of first-aid equipment;
V.2.2.2.9
Functions and use of life-saving appliances;
V.2.2.2.10
Methods of damage control with specific reference to action to be taken in
the event of flooding of seawater into the engine-room;
V.2.2.2.11
Safe working practices.
V.2.2.2.12 Operation and maintenance of portable salvage/fire pumps (if carried)
VI. Radio Operator
V1.1 Minimum requirements for Radio Operator of a
Maritime Search & Rescue Unit
Every radio operator serving on MSRU’s shall:
VI.1.1 Be of an age appropriate to the NMSARO and national laws.
VI.1.2 Satisfy the NMSARO as to medical fitness, particularly regarding eyesight and
hearing to the standard laid down.
VI.1.3 Every radio operator shall hold a certificate or certificate(s) issued or
recognised by the National Administration
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VI.2 Minimum additional knowledge required for a Radio
Operator
In addition to satisfying the requirements for the issue of a
certificate in compliance with the Radio Regulations, every
candidate for certification shall have knowledge of:
VI.2.1 Provision of radio services in emergencies;
VI.2.2 Search and rescue radio communications, including procedures in the
IAMSAR Manual Volume III;
VI.2.3 The means to prevent the transmission of false distress alerts and the
procedures to mitigate the effects of false distress alerts;
VI.2.4 Ship reporting systems;
VI.2.5 Radio medical services;
VI.2.6 Use of the International Code of Signals and the Standard Marine
Communication Phrases;
VI.2.7 Preventive measures for the safety of the MSRU and personnel in connection
with hazards related to radio equipment, including electrical and non-ionising
radiation hazards.
VII. Ordinary Crew
V I I I.1 Minimum requirements for an ordinary
crewmember of a Maritime Search & Rescue Unit
Every ordinary crewmember of a MSRU’s shall:
VII.1.1
Satisfy the NMSARO as to his/her medical fitness, including eyesight
and hearing to the standard laid down
VII.1.2
Be of an age appropriate to the NMSARO or national laws.
VII.2 Basic Safety knowledge of every MSRU Crewmember
A crewmember is any personnel forming the crew of a MSRU
(including Coxswain, Mechanic, Radio Operator etc..)
VII.2.1
Personal survival techniques, including demonstrating the use of
lifejackets and protective clothing as used on the MSRU.
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VII.2.2
Fire prevention and fire fighting
VII.2.3
Emergency procedures
VII.2.4
Elementary first aid, including knowledge of the specific medical
equipment on the MSRU and knowledge of procedures for obtaining
medical advice by radio.
Prevention of marine pollution (discharge of oily bilges ditching gas
etc);
VII.2.5
VII.2.6
Prevention of shipboard accidents
VII.3 In addition to the basic safety knowledge as
mentioned above;
VII.3.1
Crewmembers shall
- be familiar with marine terms and orders commonly used aboard a
MSRU; and
- be familiar with the dangers associated with MSRU operations.
VII.3.2 MSRU Crewmembers shall also have:
VII.3.2.1
an understanding of dangers caused by the vessel’s motions and
accelerations, especially related to the effects of high speed;
VII.3.2.2
an understanding of dangers caused by slippery surfaces on board;
VII.3.2.3
an understanding of good on-board conduct, particularly to minimise fire
hazards;
VII.3.2.4
knowledge of the use of personal protection equipment.
VII.3.3 MSRU Crewmember shall be familiar with the
construction, application and purpose of each piece of
deck equipment associated with a particular type of MSRU
operation
VII.3.4 As far as the stability and associated
seaworthiness of vessels is concerned, crewmembers
shall have:
VII.3. 4.1
a general understanding of the watertight and weather tight integrity of the
MSRU;
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VII.3. 4.2
an understanding of the operation of closing devices for doors and other
openings relevant to the watertight and weather tight integrity of the
MSRU;
VII.3.5 Further, MSRU-crewmembers shall have:
VII.3.5.1
VII.3.5.2
knowledge of the handling and maintenance of deck appliances and
equipment such as capstans, anchors, stoppers, wire ropes and ropes;
knowledge of basic bends and hitches and of splice making in rope;
VII.3.5.3
general knowledge of mooring/towing operations and the handling of
mooring ropes, including springs, bow, stern and breast ropes;
VII.3.5.4
knowledge of helm orders, commands for mooring, anchoring and towing;
and
VII.3.5.5
Under the guidance of others, be competent in making all types of
vessels, especially sailing vessels, safe for towing.
VII.3.5.6
Be competent in how to secure a tow to casualty vessels of all types.
VIII. Trainee Crew
VIII.1 Basic safety training for a new crewmember of a
Maritime Search & Rescue Unit
New MSRU crewmembers shall, “before” being assigned to any onboard
MSRU-duties, receive basic training approved by the NMSARO in the
following areas:
VIII.1.1
Personal survival techniques, including demonstrating the use of
lifejackets and protective clothing as used on the MSRU.
VIII.1.2
Fire prevention and firefighting;
VIII.1.3
Emergency procedures;
VIII.1.4
Elementary first aid;
VIII.1.5
Prevention of marine pollution (discharge of oily bilges - ditching gash
etc); and
VIII.1.6
Prevention of shipboard accidents.
Ideally; such training should be carried out by the Coxswain at the MSRU
station concerned but if not actually carried out by him, then it must be
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under his supervision. Such training may also be carried out away from
the MSRU station by the trainee crewmember attending a course run or
approved by the NMSARO.
After a successful probationary period (usually 1 year) each MSRU
crewmember shall attend such further training courses on safety as are
deemed necessary by the NMSARO.
VIII.2 Guidance for maritime Search & Rescue Unit
Crewmembers in Personal Survival techniques
All prospective personnel on MSRU’s shall be instructed in the
following:
VIII.2.1
types of emergencies which may occur, such as collision, capsize, fire and
foundering;
VIII.2.2
types of life-saving appliances carried on the MSRU on which he/she is
serving;
VIII.2.3
need to adhere to the principles of survival;
VIII.2.4
value of training and drills;
VIII.2.5
need to be ready for any emergency and to be constantly aware of:
VIII.2.5.1
their specific duties in any emergency and;
VIII.2.5.2
knowledge of the life raft
VIII.2.5.3
consequences of panic
VIII.2.5.4
location of their own and spare lifejackets;
VIII.2.5.5
means of escape;
VIII.2.6
actions to be taken when required to abandon a MSRU, such as:
VIII.2. 6.1
how to board lifesaving appliances from a MSRU and water; and
VIII.2. 6.2
actions to be taken under rescue operations by a helicopter;
VIII.2.7
actions to be taken when in the water, such as:
VIII.2.7.1
how to survive in circumstances of:
VIII.2.7.1.1
fire or oil on the water;
VIII.2.7.1.2
cold conditions; and
VIII.2.7.2
how to right a capsized life raft;
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VIII.2.7.3
use of a daughter boat.
VIII.2.8
actions to be taken when aboard lifesaving appliances such as:
VIII.2.8.1
Getting the lifesaving appliances quickly clear of the MSRU
VIII.2.8.2
protection against cold or extreme heat;
VIII.2.8.3
using a drogue or sea-anchor;
VIII.2. 8.4
keeping a look-out;
VIII.2. 8.5
recovering and caring for survivors;
VIII.2. 8.6
facilitating detection by others;
VIII.2. 8.7
checking equipment available for use in the lifesaving appliance and using
it correctly;
VIII.2. 8.8
remaining, so far as possible, in the vicinity;
VIII.2.9
Main dangers to survivors and the general principles of survival, including:
VIII.2. 9.1
precautions to be taken in cold weather;
VIII.2. 9.2
importance of wearing suitable clothing;
VIII.2. 9.3
protective measures in lifesaving appliances;
VIII.2. 9.4
effects of immersion in water and of hypothermia;
VIII.2. 9.5
protection against seasickness;
VIII.2. 9.6
proper use of fresh water and food;
VIII.2. 9.7
means available for facilitating detection by others;
VIII.2. 9.8
importance of maintaining morale; and
VIII.2. 9.9
exposure to wind, rain and sea.
VIII.2.10 All prospective personnel on MSRU’s must be
given practical instruction in at least the following:
VIII.2.10.1
wearing a lifejacket and protective clothing (including dangers of dry suits);
VIII.2.10.2
entering the water from the deck of the MSRU wearing a lifejacket and
protective clothing;
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VIII.2.10.3
swimming whilst wearing a lifejacket and protective clothing;
VIII.2.10.4
whilst in the water operate all relevant parts of personal protection clothing
issued to crew members.
VIII.2.10.5
keeping afloat without a lifejacket;
VIII.2.10.6
boarding life rafts from a MSRU and from the water while wearing a life
jacket or immersion suit or both;
assisting others to board lifesaving appliances;
VIII.2.10.7
VIII.2.10.8
operation of lifesaving appliances equipment, including basic operation of
portable radio equipment; and
VIII.2.10.9 streaming a drogue or sea-anchor.
VII. Trainee Crew
IX. Continued Proficiency & Updating of Knowledge
Mandatory minimum requirements to ensure the continued
proficiency and updating of knowledge for Maritime
Search & Rescue Unit Crewmembers
IX.1
Every MSRU Crewmember, holding a certificate, shall satisfy the requirements of
the NMSARO as to:-
IX.1.1 Medical fitness, particularly regarding eyesight and hearing to the standards laid
down.
IX.1.2 Ability to perform MSRU operational duties relating to the duties appropriate to
the grade of certificate held by attending necessary refresher courses and
satisfying the NMSARO as to his/her proficiency.
IX.2
The refresher and updating courses required by this regulation shall be approved
by the NMSARO and include the text of any recent changes in international
regulations concerning the safety of life at sea and the protection of the marine
environment in so far as it affects MSRUs.
IX.3
The NMSARO shall ensure that the texts of recent changes in international
regulations concerning the safety of life at sea and the protection of the marine
environment are made available to MSRUs under its jurisdiction.
Basic principles to be observed in keeping a navigational
watch on board of Maritime Search and Rescue Units
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The NMSARO shall direct the attention of MSRU watch keepers to the following
principles, which shall be observed to ensure that a safe navigational watch is
maintained at all times.
The coxswain in command of every MSRU shall ensure that watch keeping
arrangements are adequate for maintaining a safe navigational watch. Under the
coxswain’s general direction, the MSRU crewmembers are responsible for
navigating the MSRU safely during their periods of duty, when they will be
particularly concerned with avoiding collision and stranding.
The basic principles, including but not limited to the
following, shall be taken into account on all MSRU´s.
X.1
En-route to or from a SAR Service or Exercise
X.1.1
arrangements of the navigational watch
X.1. 1.1
The composition of the watch shall at all times be adequate and
appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions, and shall take
into account the need for maintaining a proper look-out particularly a
proper visual lookout
X.1. 1.2
When deciding on the composition of the watch the following factors, inter
alia, shall be taken into account:
X.1. 1.2.1
At all times either the wheelhouse or upper conning position (if fitted) must
be attended by the watch keeper in charge of the watch;
X.1. 1.2.2
Weather conditions, visibility and whether there is daylight or darkness;
X.1. 1.2.3
Proximity of navigational hazards which may make it necessary for the
watch keeper in charge of the watch to carry out additional navigational
duties;
X.1. 1.2.4
Use and operational condition of navigational aids such as radar or
electronic position-indicating devices and of any other equipment affecting
the safe navigation of the MSRU
X.1. 1.2.5
Whether the MSRU is fitted with automatic steering;
X.1. 1.2.6
Any unusual demands on the navigational watch that may arise as a result
of special operational circumstances.
X.1. 1.2.7
Handling the MSRU in heavy weather with particular emphasis on safety
of crew and the MSRU.
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X. Watch keeping
X.1.2 Navigation
X.1. 2.1
X.1. 2.2
X.1. 2.3
The intended passage shall, as far as practicable (accepting that in MSRU
operations this may often not be possible), be planned in advance taking
into consideration all pertinent information, and any course laid down shall
be checked before the voyage commences.
During the watch the course steered, position and speed shall be checked
at sufficiently frequent intervals, using all available navigational aids and
visual means necessary, to ensure that the MSRU follows the planned
course.
The watch keeper in charge of the watch shall have full knowledge of the
location and operation of all safety and navigational equipment on board
the MSRU, and shall be aware and take account of the operating
limitations of such equipment.
X.1.3 Navigational equipment
X.1. 3.1
The watch keeper in charge of the watch shall make the most effective
use of all navigational equipment at his disposal.
X.1. 3.2
When using radar the watch keeper in charge shall bear in mind the
necessity to comply at all times with the provisions on the use of radar
contained in the applicable regulations for preventing collisions at sea.
X.1.4 Navigational duties and responsibilities
X.1. 4.1.
The watch keeper in charge of the watch shall:
X.1. 4.1.1
Keep watch in the wheelhouse or upper conning position (if fitted) as
appropriate;
X.1. 4.1. 2
Under no circumstances leave the wheelhouse or upper conning until
properly relieved;
X.1. 4.1. 3
Continue to be responsible for the safe navigation of the MSRU despite
the presence of the coxswain in the wheelhouse until informed specifically
that the coxswain has assumed that responsibility and this is mutually
understood;
X.1. 4.1.4
Notify the coxswain when in any doubt as to what action to take in the
interest of safety.
X.1. 4.2
On taking over the navigational watch the relieving watch keeper shall
confirm and be satisfied as to the MSRU’s estimated or true position and
confirm its intended track, course and speed, and shall note any dangers
to navigation expected to be encountered during the forthcoming watch.
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X.1. 4.3
Whenever practicable a proper record shall be kept of the movements and
activities during the watch relating to the navigation of the MSRU.
X.1. 5 Look-out
X.1. 5.1
A proper look-out shall be maintained in compliance with rule 5 of the
International Regulations for preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972. (With all
amendments in force) It shall serve the purpose of:
X.1.5.1.1
Maintaining a continuous state of vigilance by sight and as far as
practicable by hearing as well as by all other available means, with regard
to any significant changes in the operating environment;
X.1.5.1.2
Fully appraising the situation and the risk of collision, stranding and other
dangers to navigation; and
X.1.5.1.3
Detecting ships or aircraft in distress, shipwrecked persons, wrecks and
debris.
X.1.5.2
In determining that the composition of the navigational watch is adequate
to ensure that a proper look-out can continuously be maintained, the
coxswain shall take into account all relevant factors, as well as the
following factors:
X.1.5.2.1
Visibility, state of weather and sea;
X.1.5.2.2
Traffic density, and other activities occurring in the area in which the
MSRU is navigating;
X.1.5.2.3
The attention necessary when navigating in or near traffic separation
schemes and other routeing measures;
X.1.5.2.4
The additional workload caused by the nature of the MSRU’s functions,
immediate operating requirements and anticipated manoeuvres;
X.1.5.2.5
X.1.5.2.6
Rudder and propeller control and MSRU manoeuvring characteristics;
The fitness for duty of any crewmembers on call who may be assigned as
members of the watch;
X. Watch keeping
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X.1.5.2.7
Knowledge of and confidence in the professional competence of the
MSRU-crew;
X.1.5.2.8
The experience of the navigator and the familiarity of that person with the
MSRU’s equipment, procedures, and manoeuvring capability;
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X.1.5.2.9
Activities taking place on board the MSRU at any particular time, and the
availability of assistance to be summoned immediately to the wheelhouse
when necessary;
X.1.5.2.10
The operational status of instrumentation in the wheelhouse and controls,
including alarm systems;
X.1.5.2.11
The size of the MSRU and the field of vision available from the conning
position(s);
X.1.5.2.12
The configuration of the wheelhouse, to the extent such configuration
might inhibit a member of the watch from detecting by sight or hearing any
external developments; and
X.1.5.2.13
Any relevant standards, procedures and guidelines relating to watch
keeping arrangements and fitness for duty which have been adopted by
the NMSARO.
X.2 Protection of the marine environment
All crewmembers shall be aware of the serious effects of operational or accidental
pollution of the marine environment, and shall take all possible precautions to prevent
such pollution, particularly within the framework of the relevant international and port
regulations.
X.3 Anchor watch
The coxswain shall ensure, with a view to the safety of the MSRU and the crew, that a
proper watch is maintained at all times from the wheelhouse or deck on N MSRU at
anchor.
X.4 Radio watch keeping
The coxswain shall ensure that whilst the MSRU is at sea, an adequate radio watch is
maintained on the appropriate frequencies, taking into account the requirements of the
Radio Regulations.
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IMRF Secretariat
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