UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
INTERNATIONAL FORUM ON TRADE FACILITATION
29 - 30 May, in Geneva
Achieving an Open and Inclusive Environment: the Role of the International Organizations
UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
- ENABLING MARKET ACCESS Practical Measures for Future Trade Facilitation
Presented by - Alberto Di Liscia, Assistant Director-General
Enabling Market Access
Practical Measures for Future Trade Facilitation
UNIDO
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UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
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UNIDO
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UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
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UNIDO
LDCs SHARE OF GLOBAL TRADE:
1970
1998
–
–
1.52%
0.58%
Achieving an Open and Inclusive Environment: the Role of the International Organizations
Enabling Market Access
Practical Measures for Future Trade Facilitation
UNIDO
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UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
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UNIDO
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UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
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UNIDO
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES HAVE
NOT INCREASED THEIR TRADE
BECAUSE:
• They have serious shortfalls in capacity
• They face major non-tariff barriers to trade
Achieving an Open and Inclusive Environment: the Role of the International Organizations
Enabling Market Access
Practical Measures for Future Trade Facilitation
UNIDO
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UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
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UNIDO
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UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
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UNIDO
CAPACITY SHORTFALLS
• Supply: unable to produce goods of competitive quality and
quantity.
• Standards: often incompatible with international standards.
• Metrology and testing: no recognized laboratory capacities.
• Trade: little say in international trade agreements
• Marketing and export promotion: unable to identify and attract
target consumers
Achieving an Open and Inclusive Environment: the Role of the International Organizations
NON – TARIFF BARRIERS AFFECTING MARKET ACCESS
MARKET ACCESS FACILITATION
Enabling Market Access
Practical Measures for Future Trade Facilitation
UNIDO
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UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
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UNIDO
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UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
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UNIDO
TBT and SPS:
• Add to product specifications – increase production costs
• Require greater institutional and personnel resources:
• To access the regulations
• To establish conforming standards
• To present accredited certification
• Used as non-tariff barriers to trade
Achieving an Open and Inclusive Environment: the Role of the International Organizations
Enabling Market Access
Practical Measures for Future Trade Facilitation
UNIDO
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UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
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UNIDO
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UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
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UNIDO
UNIDO’S CONTRIBUTION
• Upgrade supply capacities
• Provide quality, standardization and accreditation/
certification services
• Cooperate with WTO, UNCTAD and ITC and others to help
overcome Non tariff Barriers to trade
Achieving an Open and Inclusive Environment: the Role of the International Organizations
Enabling Market Access
Practical Measures for Future Trade Facilitation
UNIDO
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UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
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UNIDO
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UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
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UNIDO
UNIDO’s Trade Facilitation &
Market Access Programmes
Strategic choices:
• Engage with regional economic integration processes
• Focus on sectors and products with high export potential
• Draw on strategic alliances with other organizations
Achieving an Open and Inclusive Environment: the Role of the International Organizations
NON – TARIFF BARRIERS AFFECTING MARKET ACCESS
MARKET ACCESS FACILITATION
Enabling Market Access
Practical Measures for Future Trade Facilitation
UNIDO
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UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
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UNIDO
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UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
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UNIDO
Trade versus Aid:
LDC export earnings: US$ 25 billion
Annual aid:
US$ 12 billion
Annual FDI:
US$ 5 billion
Achieving an Open and Inclusive Environment: the Role of the International Organizations
Enabling Market Access
Practical Measures for Future Trade Facilitation
UNIDO
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UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
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UNIDO
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UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
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UNIDO
BENEFITS OF BARRIER - FREE TRADE
The EU’s ‘Everything but arms’ Initiative’ could bring
an LDC growth rate of 15-20% = US$ 5 billion per year
50% reduction in trade barriers:
All developing countries would gain $ 100 billion per year
Achieving an Open and Inclusive Environment: the Role of the International Organizations
UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION