Harvard AGPS
Referencing
Harvard AGPS is the referencing style
used at Kelvin Grove State College
...based on the Australian Government Publishing Service (AGPS)
I
Why Harvard AGPS... What’s
the difference?
Not much!
•
•
•
There are some differences in punctuation , formatting and order of content .
Referencing styles have traditionally been associated with different university
disciplines and faculties . Harvard, for example, has normally been used in the
Humanities.
There is no longer one style recommended for a university or even within a
faculty or school. Lecturers may specify a style or they may tell students to use
whichever style the student prefers.
https://web.library.uq.edu.au/research-tools-techniques/referencing
Know your style, and be consistent!
Referencing is...
• Providing information about the sources you used in your
work.
• Part of the research and writing process, not something you
put together at the last minute!
•
Learning to take effective notes is a large part of mastering referencing
You reference in order to...
 acknowledge information obtained from
sources used in assignments as required by
copyright laws
 support ideas and arguments using expert
facts or ideas
 enable checking the authority and the
accuracy of your information
 demonstrate wide reading
 avoid plagiarism
Specialist words in referencing
 Bibliography and reference
 Citing
 Quoting
 Paraphrasing
 Summarising
 In-text referencing
list (What is the difference?)
Bibliography vs. Reference List
Did you know?
Bibliographies are different from Reference Lists. They include
all references used in the preparation of the assignment
whether used in-text or not. A Reference List is a list of only
those sources used in the assignment.
Teachers are advised to tell students explicitly if they require a Bibliography
or a Reference List.
There are two parts to a
reference...
•
•
The in text reference
The reference list entry
1. The in text reference
•
Located in the text of your essay where you have
quoted, paraphrased or summarised an author
2. The reference list entry
•
Located at the end of your essay
In referencing, you use different pieces of information to
describe different sources...
Most sources have an author and a year published- this is why
they are used as the in-text referencing.
1. The in text reference
•
Includes some of the details of your source
author + year (+ page numbers where you paraphrase or quote)
Klaebe (2006, p.140) refers to...
2. The reference list entry
•
Includes all the details of the source
author + year + title + publisher + place of publication
Klaebe, H 2006, Sharing Stories: A social history of Kelvin Grove Urban Village,
Focus Publishing, Bondi Junction.
1
In-text
References
2
Reference list
Gamson, W. A 1992, The social psychology of collective action, Frontiers in social
movement theory, edited by A. Morris and C. McClung Mueller, Yale University Press,
New Haven.
Klandermans, B 1997, Social psychology of protest, Blackwell, Boston.
McAdam, D., J. D. McCarthy and M. N. Zald 1996, Introductions, opportunities,
mobilizing structures, and forming processes: Toward a synthetic comparative
perspective on social movements, Comparative perspectives on social movements, J. D.
McCarthy and M. N. Zald, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Noonan, R 1997, Women against the state, Social movements: Readings on their
emergence, mobi-lization, and dynamics, ed. D. McAdam and D. Snow, Roxbury, Los
Angeles.
In-text referencing - Quoting
 Short
quotations
Add single quotation marks (not double)
around the exact words of the author.
Example
Brugman (2002, p. 23) writes ‘citing sources for
each idea or item of information you use,
whether you quote, paraphrase or summarise
or merely refer to it is essential to avoid
plagiarism’.
Note: Quotes are not included in the word count
Long quotations
When using long quotations, 4 lines or more, you need to separate them from your
normal text.
• set out in a block format (i.e. not part of the sentence)
• Indent the block from the left and right margins
• Use single line spacing
• No quotation marks are necessary
• Include in-text referencing details either as a lead in to the block or at the end.
Example
In A guide to referencing and bibliographies, King describes in detail how secondary
school students should reference their work. The author states that:
When you write assignments, it is an accepted procedure
to acknowledge the use of all statements, ideas, opinions,
conclusions or data you used which came from other sources
and authors. This means stating which book, non-book,
audio-visual, electronic or graphic material is the source,
whether the work is directly quoted, paraphrased, or
summarised (King 2010, p. 1).
Ellipsis

When you want to leave out sections of a longer quote, use three
full stops with no spaces (an ellipsis) wherever parts of a sentence
are left out.
Example
In A guide to referencing and bibliographies, King (2010, p. 1) states
that ‘…it is an accepted procedure to acknowledge the use of all
statements, ideas, opinions, conclusions…which came from other
sources and authors’.
In-text referencing: Paraphrasing
Paraphrasing is writing someone else’s ideas in your own words.
• You may use technical words that cannot be substituted.
• If you paraphrase another person’s work, you still need to include in-text
referencing.
Example
Direct quotation
King (2010, p.1) says that ‘copying other people’s ideas and findings without giving
them credit is called plagiarism’.
Paraphrase
According to King (2010, p.1) plagiarism occurs when writers do not reference
ideas they have read in someone else’s work and used in their own.
If you use information in your assignment which you have
learnt about from a variety of sources and have written
ideas in your own words, list the names alphabetically in
your in-text referencing using a semicolon (;) to separate
the sources.
Example
A student’s ability to organise information from a variety of
sources in a clear, concise, logical way is central to their
success at school (Charlton, 1999; Dunstan, 2007; Moreton
& Hone, 1991).
In-text referencing
Examples of four (4) methods of quoting
Direct quote:
Ian Andrews (2001, p. 22) concluded that ‘Researchers
Author is incorporated need to refine and develop effective search strategies
into sentence
in order to find authoritative information quickly’.
Direct quote:
Author is not
incorporated into
sentence
Indirect quote:
Author is incorporated
into sentence
It is quite clear that ‘researchers need to refine and
develop effective search strategies in order to find
authoritative information quickly’ (Andrews 2001, p.
22).
Andrews (2001, p. 22) claimed that sophisticated
searching techniques are important in finding
information.
Indirect quote:
Author is not
incorporated into
sentence
Sophisticated searching techniques are important in
finding information (Andrews 2001, p. 22).
Graphic in-text referencing
 As well as acknowledging in-text an author’s written words,
you must also acknowledge any visual or table references
e.g. pictures, photos, graphs, maps, tables, etc.
 You should
label all visual references as Figure using
consecutive numbers e.g. Figure 1; Figure 2 etc. and table
references as Table using consecutive numbers e.g. Table 1;
Table 2
Visual references
Title of visual
reference
(make it up if it
has no clear
title)
Average incomes for developing regions, 2010
Referencing: Author
+ year
Figure 1
The World Bank 2011
Figure + number
Table references
Title of table
(make it up if it
has no clear
title)
2006 Census QuickStats : Kelvin Grove: Person characteristics
Table 1
Australian Bureau of Statistics 2010
Table + number
But what if...
Common problems include....
Multiple authors?
The rule can change depending on the number of authors
•
University of Queensland Harvard Referencing
examples
–
–
–
Single author
Two authors
Three to five authors
Even if the source is NOT a book, the rule for
multiple authors stay the same
No author?
First… look for a corporate author!
In text:
World Wildlife Fund data suggests….
(World Wildlife Fund, 2011).
Reference list:
World Wildlife Fund 2011, Climate change harming
polar bear cubs, viewed 14 July 2011,
http://www.worldwildlife.org/who/media/press/201
1/WWFPresitem19837.html
Still no author?
Rule: use the title in place of the author’s name
•University of Queensland Harvard Referencing examples
– No author
Even if the source is NOT a book, the rule for no author is the
same
No year?
Rule: use n.d. to show “no date”
Even if the source is NOT a book, the rule for no year is the same
No page numbers?
Rule: use a paragraph number or a subheading to help the
reader locate the original information
(Website: use par. nos. – still use ‘p’ or ‘pp.’)
When in doubt...
•Have a good look through Guide to Referencing and
bibliographies at Kelvin Grove State College Staff Booklet ...
there are lots of examples and advice on where to find further
information.
• Ask the Library staff
Just remember to be consistent
Paraphrase
1. In-text
Direct quote
Summary
Note: the direct quote and the paraphrase require page numbers.
2. Reference list
Alphabetical by author family
name
Italicise the title
of the source
References
Gamson, W. A 1992, The social psychology of collective action, Frontiers in social
movement theory, edited by A. Morris and C. McClung Mueller, Yale University Press,
New Haven.
Klandermans, B 1997, Social psychology of protest., Blackwell, Boston.
McAdam, D., J. D. McCarthy and M. N. Zald 1996, Introductions, opportunities,
mobilizing structures, and forming processes: Toward a synthetic comparative
perspective on social movements. In Comparative perspectives on social movements,, J.
D. McCarthy and M. N. Zald, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Noonan, R 1997, Women against the state, Social movements: Readings on their
emergence, mobi-lization, and dynamics, ed. D. McAdam and D. Snow, Roxbury, Los
Angeles.
Every reference
in the text of
the essay....
References
... Must have a
corresponding
entry in the full
reference list
Gamson, W. A 1992, The social psychology of collective action, Frontiers in social
movement theory, edited by A. Morris and C. McClung Mueller, Yale University Press,
New Haven.
Klandermans, B 1997, Social psychology of protest., Blackwell, Boston.
McAdam, D., J. D. McCarthy and M. N. Zald 1996, Introductions, opportunities,
mobilizing structures, and forming processes: Toward a synthetic comparative
perspective on social movements. In Comparative perspectives on social movements,, J.
D. McCarthy and M. N. Zald, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Noonan, R 1997, Women against the state, Social movements: Readings on their
emergence, mobilization, and dynamics, ed. D. McAdam and D. Snow, Roxbury, Los
Angeles.
A book...
• To reference it, we need:
–
–
–
–
–
Author
Year
Title
Publisher
City of publication
1. In text referencing
Family name (year, page
number of information
cited)
... as stated by Klaebe(2006, p. 65).
Klaebe (2006, p. 65) stated that “..
...climate change (Klaebe 2005, p.
65)...
2. Reference list
Family name, Initial/s Year,
Title , Publisher, City of
publication.
Klaebe, T 2006, Sharing stories: A
social history of the Kelvin Grove
Urban Village, Focus Publishing,
Bondi Junction NSW.
An article...
• To reference it, we need:
iPad vs. Everything Else
Compared with its iconic ancestors, the iPod and the iPhone, that's a surprisingly
tough question to answer. It runs the same operating system as the iPhone- but you
can't make phone calls on it. It has been hailed as the gadget that may save the
publishing industry- though its e-reader software, which isn't preinstalled, does not
display magazines and newspapers. It features a bevy of games - -but it's neither an
Xbox 360-killer nor a handheld device like a Nintendo DSi.
Most paradoxically of all, the iPad takes on the Windows world of netbooks and even
more full-featured PCs, though it doesn't run all Web apps. Or print. Or provide a file
system that lets you get to all your documents in any app. Those shortcomings would
make the very concept of competing with PCs laughable, if weren't for the way its
small size, touch interface, and impressive battery life add up to one of the best devices
ever built for consuming content of all kinds, from Web pages to books to feature
films. It's both more fundamentally limited than a PC and an exciting sneak peek at
where interfaces are likely to go- which is why it makes much more sense as a
supplement to the other computers in your life than as a replacement for any of them.
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Author
Year
Title
Journal Title
Volume
Number
Page numbers
• If Online, we need:
– URL
– Date accessed
1. In-text referencing
Family name (year, page
number of information
cited)
... as argued by McCracken
(2010, p. 2).
McCracken(2010, p. 2) state that
“..
...ipads (McCracken 2010, p. 2)...
2. Reference list
Family name, Initial/s Year Article
title. Journal title Volume, Issue
no., page numbers, viewed Day
Month Year, URL.
McCracken, H 2010, iPad vs. Everything Else,
PC World, Vol. 6 No.76, viewed 13 July, 2011,
<http://elibrary.bigchalk.com>
A website...
• To reference it, we need:
– Author... In this
example, a group
author
– Year
– Title
– Date accessed
– URL
1. In-text referencing
Group author (year, page
number/ paragraph
number/ subheading)
... as argued by World Wildlife
Fund (2011, p. 4).
The World Wildlife Fund(2011,
p. 4) states that “..
...decline (World Wildlife Fund
2011, p. 4)...
2. Reference list
Group author Year, Title, viewed
Day Month Year, URL .
World Wildlife Fund 2011, Climate change harming polar
bear cubs, viewed 14 July 2011,
http://www.worldwildlife.org/who/media/press/2011/W
WFPresitem19837.html.
Your ‘how-to’ guides to Harvard AGPS
• Student Diary p. 140 & 141
• QUT Written Assignment 2005
+
www.citewrite.qut.edu.au
Library
Division of Technology Information and Learning Support
CRICOS No.00213J
Bibliography

Bond University Library 2010, Harvard style referencing guide, viewed 7 June, 2011,
<http://www.bond.edu.au/prod_ext/groups/public/@pub-is-gen/documents/genericwebdocument/bd3_006498.pdf>

Griffith University n.d., Griffith University: Referencing tool, viewed 17 June, 2001,
http://app.griffith.edu.au/reference_tool/index-core.php

King, J. (comp.) 2010, A guide to referencing and bibliographies for senior secondary school students, 3rd ed., The
School Library Association of Queensland, Brisbane.

King, J, Kahl, C, Twomey, M, (comp.) 2008, Guidelines for referencing and bibliographies for primary students. 2nd
ed., The School Library Association of Queensland, Brisbane.

Learning for the future: developing information services in Australian schools 2001, 2nd ed., Curriculum Corporation,
Melbourne.

Queensland University of Technology 2008, QUT Cite│Write, QUT Publications, Brisbane.

Queensland University of Technology 2009, Qut Harvard Referencing Dec09 Ppt Lr viewed 8 June, 2011,
< http://www.slideshare.net/saintluisa/qut-harvard-referencing-dec09-ppt-lr>

The Gap State High School 2011, Guide to referencing and bibliographies, booklet, The Gap State High School, Brisbane.

The University of Queensland Cybrary 2010, viewed 8 June, 2011,
<http://www.library.uq.edu.au/training/citation/harvard_6.pdf>

The University of Queensland 2010, How to Guide, viewed 14 June, 2011,
<http://www.library.uq.edu.au/gatton/useits/harvard/HarvardGatton.pdf>