CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2
Preferential Subject 2
Specification and Evaluation of Substation
Automation Systems
Special Report Summary
Steven A. Kunsman
(USA)
Special Reporter
Calgary, Canada (15-Sept-2005)
Steven A. Kunsman (USA)
CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2
Report Overview
Preferential Subject 2 addresses Substation Automation
(SA) Systems specification and bid evaluation process
Fifteen papers from eight countries
Special Report develops five main categories:
Process and experience of SA Systems Specifications
Privatization impacts on infrastructure and specifications
First experiences with IEC 61850 based specifications
Applications and test methods of SA Systems
Trends in SA Systems (functional consolidation)
Steven A. Kunsman (USA)
CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2
Process and experience of SA Systems Specifications
Paper # Title
B5 201
Guidelines for Specification and Evaluation of SAS
FR01 208 Formal Approach for Specification of Automatisms in RTE SAS
FR02 209 Determination of functional Specification based on Analysis …
IN01 211 SA Experience of Tata Power, Spec requirements and performance …
RO01 212 Practical Experience on Substation Protection and Control Equipment
Author(s)
B5-WG18
Bongrain, …
Leitoff, …
Patki, …
Gal, …
CIGRE Study Committee B5-WG18 report summary of SA System
specification and evaluation of bid offerings
based on utility and vendor experiences
Describes fundamental components required in the preparation of a
comprehensive SA System specification:
Specify functionality and not definition of the solution
Identity critical performance criteria
Project execution is as important as the technical solution
Need for bid evaluation
Steven A. Kunsman (USA)
CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2
Process and experience of SA Systems Specifications
Paper # Title
B5 201
Guidelines for Specification and Evaluation of SAS
FR01 208 Formal Approach for Specification of Automatisms in RTE SAS
FR02 209 Determination of functional Specification based on Analysis …
IN01 211 SA Experience of Tata Power, Spec requirements and performance …
RO01 212 Practical Experience on Substation Protection and Control Equipment
Author(s)
B5-WG18
Bongrain, …
Leitoff, …
Patki, …
Gal, …
Utility experience in specification process and deployment of an
automation system
Challenge was to make the specification:
Easy to understand
Remain on a functional level and not define solutions
Provide a means to test the implemented functionality
Benefits realized in the formal specification process:
Fewer efforts in development and test
Reuse of the formal specification for future projects
Better understanding of the application by suppliers
Long term value through reuse
Steven A. Kunsman (USA)
CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2
Process and experience of SA Systems Specifications
Paper # Title
B5 201
Guidelines for Specification and Evaluation of SAS
FR01 208 Formal Approach for Specification of Automatisms in RTE SAS
FR02 209 Determination of functional Specification based on Analysis …
IN01 211 SA Experience of Tata Power, Spec requirements and performance …
RO01 212 Practical Experience on Substation Protection and Control Equipment
Author(s)
B5-WG18
Bongrain, …
Leitoff, …
Patki, …
Gal, …
Utility method for developing an SA System functional specification
for medium and high voltage substations
Decomposition and functional analysis of an existing electromechanical/static protection and control system
Functional analysis used to define the functional requirements for
new SA System specification
Method reviewed safety and maintenance related activities to
provide additional aspects of the functional specification
Steven A. Kunsman (USA)
CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2
Process and experience of SA Systems Specifications
Paper # Title
B5 201
Guidelines for Specification and Evaluation of SAS
FR01 208 Formal Approach for Specification of Automatisms in RTE SAS
FR02 209 Determination of functional Specification based on Analysis …
IN01 211 SA Experience of Tata Power, Spec requirements and performance …
RO01 212 Practical Experience on Substation Protection and Control Equipment
Author(s)
B5-WG18
Bongrain, …
Leitoff, …
Patki, …
Gal, …
Utility specification process for new centralized control concept
Evaluation of installed system architecture and performance
Different ages and versions commissioned over 15 years
Audit/assessment of current functionality
Migration of solution towards open architectures
Implementation based on standard-based protocols
Steven A. Kunsman (USA)
CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2
Process and experience of SA Systems Specifications
Paper # Title
B5 201
Guidelines for Specification and Evaluation of SAS
FR01 208 Formal Approach for Specification of Automatisms in RTE SAS
FR02 209 Determination of functional Specification based on Analysis …
IN01 211 SA Experience of Tata Power, Spec requirements and performance …
RO01 212 Practical Experience on Substation Protection and Control Equipment
Author(s)
B5-WG18
Bongrain, …
Leitoff, …
Patki, …
Gal, …
Utility practical experience gained during specification process
Functionality to achieved (derived from the single lines)
Performance requirements (communication, time-sync, reliability,
availability, maintainability, security and expandability)
Constraints for process and communication interfaces and
physical limitations
Resulting specification major sections:
Functionality and allocation of functions,
Protection and control architecture
System performance and system constraints
Steven A. Kunsman (USA)
CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2
Privatization impacts on infrastructure and specifications
Paper # Title
AU01 202 Power System Communication Challenges in a Privatized Environment
DE01 204 Substation Control Technology requirements for User Purposes …
Author(s)
Orlowski, ...
Ludwig, …
Utility issues related to power system communication infrastructure
impact and utilization due to the privatization and separation of the
utility’s distribution and transmission entities
Lack of Funding
Need to invest significant cost to upgrade old communication
infrastructures
Legacy communication systems are left in place for existing
functionality and operate co-existent with modern systems
High costs to operate legacy infrastructure
Increased maintenance cost, difficult to find spare
components, and decreased availability.
Steven A. Kunsman (USA)
CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2
Privatization impacts on infrastructure and specifications
Paper # Title
AU01 202 Power System Communication Challenges in a Privatized Environment
DE01 204 Substation Control Technology requirements for User Purposes …
Author(s)
Orlowski, ...
Ludwig, …
Utility experience and de-regulation factors that have caused change
in the substation control system requirements
Infrastructure investments highly scrutinized
High value on integration of new functions and applications
Reduction of costs
Increased reliability
Increased use of standards and commercially available
components
Ease of integration
Significant reduction of component costs
Steven A. Kunsman (USA)
CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2
First experiences with IEC 61850 based specifications
Paper # Title
CH01 203 First Experiences with customer specifications based on IEC 61850 SAS
DE02 205 IEC 61850 Implementation Accelerates on the data-highway
ES01 206 Iberdrola Group Experience about Specification and purchasing …
Author(s)
Brand, …
Wong, …
Torres, …
Supplier experiences in customer IEC 61850 SA Systems
specifications
Specification requirements and supplier interpretation may not
provide a solution fulfilling the intended specification
Dependant on knowledge of IEC 61850
From a functional perspective, IEC 61850 does not differ from
traditional SA System Specifications
IEC 61850 is a means for different and potentially cost-effective
solutions
Steven A. Kunsman (USA)
CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2
First experiences with IEC 61850 based specifications
Paper # Title
CH01 203 First Experiences with customer specifications based on IEC 61850 SAS
DE02 205 IEC 61850 Implementation Accelerates on the data-highway
ES01 206 Iberdrola Group Experience about Specification and purchasing …
Author(s)
Brand, …
Wong, …
Torres, …
Supplier experiences and benefits of IEC 61850
SAS specification and design based on IEC 61850 was simplified
Standardized application function (Logical Nodes)
Elimination of protocol converters
Fewer components count in the SAS
Main benefits
Reduce complexity
Costs savings in specification, design, implementation and
commissioning of SA Systems
Steven A. Kunsman (USA)
CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2
First experiences with IEC 61850 based specifications
Paper # Title
CH01 203 First Experiences with customer specifications based on IEC 61850 SAS
DE02 205 IEC 61850 Implementation Accelerates on the data-highway
ES01 206 Iberdrola Group Experience about Specification and purchasing …
Author(s)
Brand, …
Wong, …
Torres, …
Utility specification process experience in new IEC 61850 based SAS
Intended to be standard design for at least the next 10 years
Main motivation for an IEC 61850 based systems to:
Achieve manufacturer interoperability
Realize advanced engineering process and maintenance
procedures
Process contributors from past experience and improvement
recommendation from all organization with previous involvement in SAS
Engineering, telecontrol, protection, maintenance and operations
Significant investment needed for the development of the specification
Cost to be recovered through improvements in required engineering
efforts and maintenance facilities
Steven A. Kunsman (USA)
CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2
Applications and test methods of SA Systems
Paper #
ES02 207
US01 213
US02 214
US03 215
Title
Automation functions in Integrated Distribution Substations
Requirement Specification for Evaluation of an Automated SMS
IEEE C37.115-2003 Standard Test Method for Use in the Evaluation …
Functional Testing of IEC 61850 Bases Substation Automation System
Author(s)
Montoya
Kezunovic
Holstein, …
Vandiver,…
Overview of a substation automation control system application
Use of modern IEDs and the benefits of digital technology
Main advantages of the automated substation system are:
Control from remote location
Reduction of wiring
Improved maintenance and operations applications
Improved reliability from functional consolidation
Steven A. Kunsman (USA)
CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2
Applications and test methods of SA Systems
Paper #
ES02 207
US01 213
US02 214
US03 215
Title
Automation functions in Integrated Distribution Substations
Requirement Specification for Evaluation of an Automated SMS
IEEE C37.115-2003 Standard Test Method for Use in the Evaluation …
Functional Testing of IEC 61850 Bases Substation Automation System
Author(s)
Montoya
Kezunovic
Holstein, …
Vandiver,…
Requirements for automated Substation Monitoring System (SMS)
Main issues being solved in this SMS requirement:
Data collected from various IEDs lack verification and can result
in erroneous calculations
Operators inability to effectively extract the required information
due to amount and format of data
Functions described in this solution are:
Circuit breaker monitor analysis, fault recording analysis, power
quality analysis, two-stage state estimation, system wide fault
analysis with fault location, switching sequence verification
Steven A. Kunsman (USA)
CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2
Applications and test methods of SA Systems
Paper #
ES02 207
US01 213
US02 214
US03 215
Title
Automation functions in Integrated Distribution Substations
Requirement Specification for Evaluation of an Automated SMS
IEEE C37.115-2003 Standard Test Method for Use in the Evaluation …
Functional Testing of IEC 61850 Bases Substation Automation System
Author(s)
Montoya
Kezunovic
Holstein, …
Vandiver,…
Describes a standard method for the test and evaluation of
communication messages in SA Systems as defined in IEEE C37.1152003
Evaluation criteria, performance measures and test scenarios for
components used in the SA System solution
Standard test scenarios illustrated as an example of the
application based evaluation
Steven A. Kunsman (USA)
CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2
Applications and test methods of SA Systems
Paper #
ES02 207
US01 213
US02 214
US03 215
Title
Automation functions in Integrated Distribution Substations
Requirement Specification for Evaluation of an Automated SMS
IEEE C37.115-2003 Standard Test Method for Use in the Evaluation …
Functional Testing of IEC 61850 Bases Substation Automation System
Author(s)
Montoya
Kezunovic
Holstein, …
Vandiver,…
Describes test requirements and applications for functional testing of
IEC 61850 based SA Systems
Station bus level IEC 61850-8-1
Process bus level IEC 61850-9-2
Standardization of Substation Configuration Language IEC 61850-6
also supports automatic testing of SA systems
Steven A. Kunsman (USA)
CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2
Trends in SA Systems (functional consolidation)
Paper # Title
FR03 210 20 Years of Substation Automation Systems: changes analysis …
Author(s)
Hossenlopp
Reports on changes in future substation automation systems
Major drivers in electric utility are compliance with regulatory
bodies, power system reliability and bottom line profit
Twenty years of functional consolidation through advances in
technology and multi-function Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs)
Smaller panels than discrete protection and control systems
Technology evolution and new product introduction based on
IEC 61850 will only continue the process of functional
consolidation
Lower component count
Reduction in wiring interconnects
Steven A. Kunsman (USA)
CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2
Onto Questions ....
Steven A. Kunsman (USA)
CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2
Process and experience of SA Systems Specifications
Specification process depends on input from many users of the SA System.
How does the specification team value this input and prioritization
requirements?
What are the experiences in the utilities with the tender evaluation
process?
Along with the capability of new technologies, specification and engineering
of SA systems will also be influenced by new standards like IEC 61850.
How does the introduction of IEC 61850 impact the specification and
engineering process?
Will utilities allow for free allocation of functional elements in different
devices to possibly maximize component costs savings?
Steven A. Kunsman (USA)
CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2
Privatization impacts on infrastructure and specifications
Demand on the communication infrastructure will continue to increase as
the accessibility ease and additional valued information is demanded.
How should future communication infrastructure utilization/expansion
be included in the SA System specifications?
How can these additional costs justified?
Utility security is a major issue for systems as well as tools. As soon as
systems are connected the corporate Intranet or network, the security
vulnerability and threat potential increases.
How should the security aspects of the SCS and SA Systems be
specified to provide the flexibility in use of commercial software (e.g.
web browsers)?
Steven A. Kunsman (USA)
CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2
First experiences with IEC 61850 based specifications
Key points made for SA System Specification is the requested functionality of
the substation application and the utility operational philosophies. IEC 61850
“standard” does not mean a single or standard solution is required to meet
different utility requirements and operation philosophies.
How do the first IEC 61850-based technical solutions differ?
How do the first experiences reflect on the interoperability goal?
What are key factors required in specifications assuring interoperability
without losing post-engineered device inter-changeability?
Three types IEC 61850 utilities: Greenfield(new), Hybrid and retrofit (mixed SA
Systems), Stay with present architecture.
How shall the “hybrid” or substation expansion projects specification take
advantage and benefit from IEC 61850?
How can utilities that wait for proven experience in IEC 61850 take
advantage of the IEC 61850 concepts in SAS specification?
Can systems can be migrated to an IEC 61850 in the future?
Steven A. Kunsman (USA)
CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2
Applications and test methods of SA Systems
Migration to functional specification and the advancements in technology
lead to complexity in the system making it very difficult to test. Some utility
stated will rely on the vendor to assure functionality compliance. IEC
61850-10 conformance does not include application or system level testing.
How can the features (e.g. Substation Configuration Language) be
utilized to assure the maximum test coverage?
Can the application test scenarios defined in IEEE C37.115 be used
to assure maximum test coverage and provide validation of the SA
System to the SAS specification?
How can this standard be used to accommodate application
variations?
Steven A. Kunsman (USA)
CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2
Trends in SA Systems (functional consolidation)
In many of the papers, the existing substation equipment is based on a
collage of technologies from discrete devices (electromechanical) and
control systems to proprietary SAS.
How to assure that SAS specification developed in 2005 allows future
solutions to take advantage of future functional consolidation?
How does free allocation of functions according to IEC 61850 change
the SAS physical configuration and its components?
How does the continued trend in functional consolidation influence
the SA system engineering or re-engineering?
Steven A. Kunsman (USA)