Supporting information to:
Climate warming and humans played different roles in triggering late Quaternary
extinctions in east and west Eurasia
Xinru Wan and Zhibin Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture,
Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life
Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Table S1.
Table S2.
Table S3
Figure S1
Figure S2.
Figure S3.
Figure S4.
Figure S5.
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Table S1. Dated fossil occurrence of the five megafauna species used
Data sheet were input as supplemental information or upload at http://datadryad.org/.
https://datadryad.org/resource/doi:10.5061/dryad.752kk/1
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Table S2. Data sheet of human sites and all survey sites
Data sheet were input as supplemental information or upload at http://datadryad.org/.
https://datadryad.org/resource/doi:10.5061/dryad.752kk/2
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Table S3. Correlation coefficients between the number of animal fossils and the total number
of survey sites (ln-values) at 100 × 100 km2 grid sizes. *p < 0.05 **p < 0.01 ***p < 0.001.
“WE” denotes western Eurasia, “EE” denotes eastern Eurasia.
Mammal groups
Mammoths (WE)
Mammoths (EE)
Rhinoceroses (WE)
Rhinoceroses (EE)
Horses (WE)
Horses (EE)
Deer (WE)
Deer (EE)
correlation
0.66***
0.94***
0.69***
0.89***
0.67***
0.77***
0.25***
0.69***
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Figure S1 Distribution of fossil records of mammoths (genus Mammuthus) from 49.43
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kya to 7.38 kya (a), rhinos (Rhinocerotidae) from 49.8 kya to 247 ya (b), and horses
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(Equidae) from 40.4 kya to 32 ya (c), deer (d) in Eurasia. Color boxes indicate the time
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of fossil age. Darker grey color of the background indicates higher elevations.
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Figure S2 Distributions of sites of anthropological remains (human sites) in Eurasia
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during Paleolithic and Neolithic eras since 49.9 kya. Data sources: radiocarbon context
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database, radiocarbon palaeolithic Europe database v18 (shown in color circles); the
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book entitled “Chinese Historical Map” published by the Liren Publishing House, and
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the book entitled “Chinese Ancient History” published by Shanghai People's Publishing
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House (shown in white circles). Darker grey color of the background indicates higher
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elevations.
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Figure S3 Three available temperature series during from 55kya to 0ya. Data source:
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(a) Greenland GISP2 ice core d18O, (b) estimated temperature in Antarctica from
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EPICA Dome C Ice Core, (c) Magnetic susceptibility of dust aerosol in southern
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Chinese Loess Plateau.
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Figure S4 Correlations between the number of animal fossils and the total number of
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survey sites (ln-values) at a grid size of latitude x longitude = 100 × 100 km2. * p <
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0.05 ** p < 0.01 *** p < 0.001. “WE” denotes western Eurasia, “EE” denotes eastern
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Eurasia.
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Figure S5 Correlations between the extinction time (ya) and the number of human
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sites that are older than animal fossil age (Human density) for mammoths, rhinos,
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horses, and deer in western and eastern Eurasia. # indicates the negative human
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impacts were recognized. For details, see Table 2.
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