Shaping Tomorrow with You
2nd. Edition
December 2015
Stephen McConnell
Architecture Director
Enterprise Architecture
delivering positive outcomes for people though intelligent systems
One Day at a Time
What’s Coming Up?
• Two trips around the sun
– TOGAF centric
• A closer look at individual phases
– Available resources
– Applicable standards
– Approaches to thinking about the problem
• Observations
• Gallery
TOGAF
Preliminary
A.
H.
Architecture
Vision
B.
Architecture
Change
Management
Business
Architecture
C.
G.
Implementation
Governance
Requirements
Management
Information
Systems
Architectures
F.
D.
Migration
Planning
Technology
Architecture
E.
Opportunities
and
Solutions
• The Open Group Architecture Framework
(TOGAF)
– Published and maintained by The Open Group
– Initial version 1995 (origins in DoD)
– Version 7, 2001 (Technical Edition)
– Version 8, 2002 (Enterprise Edition)
– Version 9, 2009
– Version 9.1, Dec. 2011
• It defines a framework for management of
– a “sustainable evolution” of an enterprise architecture
• It’s the basis for today’s exercise
– involving a couple of trips around the Sun
Day 1:
Preliminary
• Constraint: one day
• Scope: half-a-dozen assets
• Depth: a handful of attributes
• Outcome: learning about the process and maybe
something useful along the way.
A.
H.
Architecture
Vision
B.
Architecture
Change
Management
Business
Architecture
C.
G.
Implementation
Governance
Requirements
Management
Information
Systems
Architectures
F.
D.
Migration
Planning
Technology
Architecture
E.
Opportunities
and
Solutions
Day 1:
Architecture Vision
Preliminary
• One man’s vision is another man’s dilemma
– “Where the fabric of the enterprise is embedded with
the skills and knowledge through which an architecture
can be rendered, and where the process of architectural
change is a shared opportunity.”
• Deconstruction
H.
B.
Architecture
Change
Management
Business
Architecture
C.
G.
Implementation
Governance
Requirements
Management
Information
Systems
Architectures
F.
D.
Migration
Planning
Technology
Architecture
E.
Opportunities
and
Solutions
–
–
–
–
Enterprise as a fabric
Embedded with skills and knowledge
Capable of rendering an architecture
Wherein change is the opportunity
Day 1:
Business Architecture
• Identify half-a-dozen assets of interests (where
assets could be a set of similar business
systems).
Preliminary
• Create a formal model of what we want to
capture.
A.
H.
Architecture
Vision
• Populate our model with real data.
Architecture
Change
Management
C.
G.
Implementation
Governance
Requirements
Management
Information
Systems
Architectures
F.
D.
Migration
Planning
Technology
Architecture
E.
Opportunities
and
Solutions
Asset
name
description
value
satisfaction
criticality
Day 1:
Business Architecture
• Pull our information together under a viewpoint –
in this case a Boston Graph, plotting criticality,
satisfaction, and cost.
Preliminary
• What have we learnt?
A.
Business
Architecture
C.
G.
Implementation
Governance
Requirements
Management
Information
Systems
Architectures
F.
D.
Migration
Planning
Technology
Architecture
Satisfaction
HIGH
B.
Architecture
Change
Management
D
C
F
E
A
B
LOW
H.
Architecture
Vision
LOW
Criticality
HIGH
Day 1:
Change Management
Architecture Meta-Model
Asset
Preliminary
name
description
value
satisfaction
criticality
A.
Architecture
Vision
B.
Business
Architecture
Baseline Model
Target Model
C.
G.
Implementation
Governance
Requirements
Management
Information
Systems
Architectures
D
D
C
C
B
B
F.
D.
Migration
Planning
Technology
Architecture
E.
Opportunities
and
Solutions
E
E
F
F
A
A
?
Day 1:
Congratulations!
Preliminary
H.
–
–
–
–
B.
Architecture
Change
Management
Business
Architecture
C.
G.
Implementation
Governance
Requirements
Management
Information
Systems
Architectures
F.
D.
Migration
Planning
Technology
Architecture
E.
Opportunities
and
Solutions
• We have a vision and a baseline
• We have a framework to work within
• But we don’t have enough information
Process definitions?
Association to governing organisation?
Business Motivation?
Process Maturity?
Day 2:
Business Architecture
Preliminary
subsidiary
*
1
Asset
*
manages
name
description
value
managed
by
0..1
Organisation
name
description
* presents
*
maintains
Assessment
date
satisfaction
criticality
A.
H.
Architecture
Vision
Architecture
Change
Management
C.
G.
Implementation
Governance
Requirements
Management
Information
Systems
Architectures
F.
D.
Migration
Planning
Technology
Architecture
E.
Opportunities
and
Solutions
parent
Day 2:
Opportunities and Solutions
• Our meta-model has grown
• Our baseline architecture is maturing (but still has a way to
go before we can speculate about a target architecture)
– Business Motivation
Preliminary
– Business Services
– System Processes, Messages and Content
A.
H.
Architecture
Vision
B.
Architecture
Change
Management
– Business Processes and Process Maturity
Business
Architecture
C.
G.
Implementation
Governance
Requirements
Management
Information
Systems
Architectures
F.
D.
Migration
Planning
Technology
Architecture
– Information Sources and Governance Arrangements
• Other things outstanding:
– Principles and Values
– Modelling tools, Standards, and Best Practice
– Repositories, Federation and Publication Strategies
Day 2:
Self Assessment
• Ronald B. Furlong’s Clausewitz and Modern War Gaming
– What your known you know
– What you know you don’t know
Preliminary
– Appreciation of unknown unknowns
• Slavoj Žižek’s Forth Premise
A.
H.
Architecture
Vision
– Reconciliation of our unknown knows
B.
Architecture
Change
Management
Business
Architecture
C.
G.
Implementation
Governance
Requirements
Management
Information
Systems
Architectures
F.
D.
Migration
Planning
Technology
Architecture
• Stephen McConnell on pragmatics
– Ontology
– Scope
– Completeness
* Ronald B. Furlong’s paper “Clausewitz and Modern War Gaming
(unknown unknowns) and Slavoj Žižek’s related extrapolation into
‘unknown knows’ – the things we know but don’t talk about.
Day 2:
Self Assessment
Uniting Furlong and Žižek
Preliminary
unknown
A.
H.
Architecture
Vision
B.
Architecture
Change
Management
Business
Architecture
known
C.
G.
Implementation
Governance
Requirements
Management
Information
Systems
Architectures
F.
D.
Migration
Planning
Technology
Architecture




known
unknown
Day 2:
Architecture Vision
Preliminary
H.
Business
Architecture
C.
G.
Implementation
Governance
Requirements
Management
Information
Systems
Architectures
F.
D.
Migration
Planning
Technology
Architecture
E.
Opportunities
and
Solutions
– One man’s vision is another man’s dilemma
• “Where the fabric of the enterprise is embedded with the skills
and knowledge through which an architecture can be rendered,
where the process of architectural change is a shared
opportunity, and across which a tapestry of improvement is
woven.”
– Deconstruction
B.
Architecture
Change
Management
• Wrapping up this hypothetical…
•
•
•
•
•
Enterprise as a fabric
Embedded with skills and knowledge
Capable of rendering an architecture
Wherein change is the opportunity
And continuous improvement is realized
Thinking Ahead:
• Up Next
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Business Motivation, Process, and Maturity
Information and Systems Architecture
Technical Architecture
Opportunity Analysis
Migration Planning and Implementation Governance
Architecture Change Management
Architecture Vision
Thinking Ahead:
Business Motivation
• Modelling Business Motivation
– Ends
• Vision, Goals, Objectives
Preliminary
– Means
• Mission, Strategy, Tactic
• Business Rule, Business Policy
A.
H.
Architecture
Vision
– Organisational Units
– Influencers
Architecture
Change
Management
C.
G.
Implementation
Governance
Requirements
Management
Information
Systems
Architectures
F.
D.
Migration
Planning
Technology
Architecture
E.
• External – Markets, Segments, Regulation, Competition
• Internal – Values and Principles
– Assessments
Opportunities
and
Solutions
OMG Business Motivation Model (BMM) V1.1 May 2010
http://www.omg.org/spec/BMM/
Thinking Ahead:
The Business Model
Preliminary
A.
H.
Architecture
Vision
Architecture
Change
Management
C.
G.
Implementation
Governance
Requirements
Management
Information
Systems
Architectures
F.
D.
Migration
Planning
Technology
Architecture
E.
Opportunities
and
Solutions
Business Model Generation
http://www.businessmodelgeneration.com/
Thinking Ahead:
Information & System Architecture
Preliminary
A.
H.
Architecture
Vision
B.
Architecture
Change
Management
G.
Implementation
Governance
Business
Architecture
Requirements
Management
F.
D.
Technology
Architecture
E.
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Digital services
System and Business Process
Messages and Content
Applications and components
Instrumentation and monitoring (to understand)
Forensic (when required)
Data (as an asset)
• Knowledge is power
Migration
Planning
Opportunities
and
Solutions
• Information and Systems
– Baseline assessment
– Metrics
Thinking Ahead:
Process Modelling
Preliminary
– Understanding the sequencing of business activities
and business rules inside a organisational unit
Architecture
Vision
B.
Architecture
Change
Management
G.
Implementation
Governance
– Connecting the flow of information across organisation
units
• Business Processes (Orchestrations)
A.
H.
• System Processes (Choreographies)
Business
Architecture
Requirements
Management
F.
D.
Migration
Planning
Technology
Architecture
E.
Opportunities
and
Solutions
OMG Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) V2
http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/
Thinking Ahead:
Maturity Assessment
• A standard framework for process maturity assessment
Preliminary
A.
H.
Architecture
Vision
G.
Business
Architecture
Requirements
Management
D.
F.
Migration
Planning
Initial
2
Managed
3
Standardised
4
Predictable
5
Innovating
B.
Architecture
Change
Management
Implementation
Governance
1
E.
Technology
Architecture
Opportunities
and
Solutions
OMG Business Process Maturity Model (BPMM) V1.0 June 2008
http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMM/
Thinking Ahead:
Technical Architecture
Preliminary
A.
H.
Architecture
Vision
B.
Architecture
Change
Management
Requirements
Management
F.
Migration
Planning
E.
Opportunities
and
Solutions
–
–
–
–
–
Channel capacity
Computational capacity
Storage capacity, integrity, and security foundation
Boundaries and gateways
Deployment strategy
• Knowledge is Power
Business
Architecture
C.
G.
Implementation
Governance
• Servers, SANS, switches, routers, …
Information
Systems
Architectures
– Reactive and adaptive capability
– Enterprise scalability
– Vulnerability
Thinking Ahead:
The Stack
Business Model
Organisation, motivation (vision, goals,.
objectives, strategy, risk and opportunity, policy,
values, principles), governance, standards,
ontology
Preliminary
drives
supports
Information and Systems Model
A.
H.
Architecture
Vision
System and business processes, applications,
processors, channels, data stores, transformation,
schemas, information models, queues and pools,
signals and monitoring, events, runtime
frameworks, security, transactions, and more.
Architecture
Change
Management
G.
Implementation
Governance
Requirements
Management
Technical Model
Servers, routers, switches. SANs, virtualisation
and cloud, networks, firewalls, domains, and
other assorted physical and virtual assets
F.
Migration
Planning
enables
E.
Opportunities
and
Solutions
executes
above
Thinking Ahead:
Traceability
Preliminary
A.
H.
Architecture
Vision
Architecture
Change
Management
G.
Implementation
Governance
Requirements
Management
F.
Migration
Planning
E.
Opportunities
and
Solutions
Thinking Ahead:
Opportunity Assessment
Preliminary
A.
H.
B.
Business
Architecture
C.
G.
Implementation
Governance
Requirements
Management
–
–
–
–
Do we have a sufficiency of information?
Have we identified an opportunity?
Are the stakeholders engaged?
Do we have a process?
• Checklist
Architecture
Vision
Architecture
Change
Management
• Are we ready?
Information
Systems
Architectures
F.
D.
Migration
Planning
Technology
Architecture
– Change scenario, benefits and risks
– Business, information, systems and technical strategy
– Political allegiance, resource backing, skills and
knowledge
Thinking Ahead:
Migration Planning
–
–
–
–
Preliminary
A.
H.
Architecture
Vision
G.
Implementation
Governance
Business
Architecture
C.
Requirements
Management
Information
Systems
Architectures
D.
E.
Opportunities
and
Solutions
Technology
Architecture
Standards
Policies
Principals
Values
• Build the expectations
B.
Architecture
Change
Management
• Separate requirements from solutions
• Build the framework
–
–
–
–
The Baseline
The Target
Transition Criteria (big-bang, incremental, erosion)
The Plan (success and failure)
• Keep it fast
• Keep it real
Thinking Ahead:
Implementation Governance
Preliminary
–
–
–
–
A.
H.
Architecture
Vision
B.
Architecture
Change
Management
Business
Architecture
C.
Requirements
Management
Information
Systems
Architectures
F.
D.
Migration
Planning
Technology
Architecture
E.
Opportunities
and
Solutions
• “Migration Planning” is the launch pad
• “Implementation Governance” is the
touchdown team
Governance of solution deployment
Ensuring conformance
Ensuring successful cross-project integration
Mobilising the supporting operations
Thinking Ahead:
Change Management
Preliminary
A.
Architecture
Vision
B.
Business
Architecture
C.
G.
Implementation
Governance
Requirements
Management
Information
Systems
Architectures
F.
D.
Migration
Planning
Technology
Architecture
E.
Opportunities
and
Solutions
• Key Objectives
–
–
–
–
Updating our baseline architecture
Assessing the fitness for purpose of our model
Reviewing underlying frameworks and policies
Sorting and enabling changing governance
arrangements
Thinking Ahead:
Architecture Vision
Preliminary
• Business Architecture
– Direction, strategy, roadmap
– Potential impact on information and systems
– Potential IT driven opportunities
• Information and Systems Architecture
H.
– Separate ‘problem solving’ from ‘strategic improvement’
– Impact of BPM, BRM, Data as an Asset, Cloud (scale), IOT
– Contracts for service versus solution licensing (COTS v SaaS)
B.
Architecture
Change
Management
Business
Architecture
C.
G.
Implementation
Governance
Requirements
Management
Information
Systems
Architectures
F.
D.
Migration
Planning
Technology
Architecture
E.
Opportunities
and
Solutions
• Technical Architecture
– Scalability, capacity, foundation integrity
– Cloud (provisioning), IaaS, hardware virtualisation, intelligent
networks
– Smaller, smarter, faster, more energy efficient
Observations
• We do EA every day
– Outside factors, changing motivations
– New tools, better methods
– Economic drivers and technology opportunities
• Footprints in a crime scene or strategic
evolution?
– Thinking ten years out is not unreasonable
– Sustainable architecture is achievable
– Just needs structure and discipline
Gallery:
Architectural Services
Gallery:
Business Model Generation
Gallery:
Capability Modelling
Gallery:
Business Process Modelling
BPMN Orchestration
Gallery:
System Process Modelling
BPMN Choreography
Gallery:
Exchange Modelling
Gallery:
Forensic Discovery
and Assessment
Stephen McConnell, Architecture Director
[email protected]
https://au.linkedin.com/in/mcconnell