Essential Biology 11.2 Muscles and Movement AHL
Student Name:
1.
Label the following features and state their function in movement.
Joints
a.
‘moment’ or pivot for movement (1)
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
2. The elbow.
3. Outline the antagonistic nature of the action of muscles in the human body, using the elbow as
an example.
Flexing (bending)
Extending
Biceps
Triceps
4. Compare the action of the hip and knee joints.
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Essential Biology 11.2 Muscles and Movement AHL
Student Name:
Type of joint
Range of movement
Bones
Lever
Flex/ effort
Extend/ effort
Image
Hip (similar to shoulder)
Ball and socket
Knee
Femur
5. Label these structures of a muscle cell.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
6. Outline the need for large numbers of mitochondria in muscle cells.

7. Muscle cells contract as a result of nerve impulses.
a. State the part of the motor neuron which connects to the muscle cells

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Essential Biology 11.2 Muscles and Movement AHL
Student Name:
b. Identify the neurotransmitter used at the neuromuscular junction.

8. Label the structures of the sarcomere:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
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Essential Biology 11.2 Muscles and Movement AHL
Student Name:
9. Identify the number of complete number of sarcomeres in this EM image:

Sarcomeres =
10. Explain the contraction of skeletal muscle.
Include: sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum, Ca2+, actin binding sites, cross bridges, myosin heads, ATP.
Action potential (AP) reaches terminal end of motor
neuron. ACh is released into synapse. Action potential
is initiated in the muscle cell membrane.
Sarcoplasmic reticulum…
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Essential Biology 11.2 Muscles and Movement AHL
Student Name:
11. Compare these two electron micrographs of a skeletal muscle sarcomere.
Contracted or
relaxed?
Sarcomere length
Shorter
Z-bands
Closer
H-bands
No change
Light bands
Dark bands
No change
12. Deduce the relative roles of actin and myosin fibres from this image:
a. Myosin fibres move, actin fibres remain in position.
b. Actin fibres move, myosin fibres remain in position.
c. Both actin and myosin fibres move.
d. Neither actin nor myosin fibres move.
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