www.pwc.com/tw
DETERMINATION
OF DUMPING
Definition of Dumping
• Introduction of a product into the commerce of another country
• at a price (export price)
• less than
• the comparable price, in the ordinary course of trade, of a like
product destined for consumption in the exporting country (normal
value)
Dumping
Export Price < Normal Value
Like Product
• A product
• which is identical, i.e., alike in all respects, to the product exported
OR, if no such product
• Another product, which although not alike in all respects, has
characteristics closely resembling those of the product exported
Like Product - AD
DUMPED PRODUCT
(EXPORTED PRODUCT)
Calculate NV
LIKE PRODUCT
IN DOMESTIC
MARKET OF
EXPORTER
Define scope
of investigation,
domestic
industry, and
Injury analysis
LIKE PRODUCT
IN IMPORTING
COUNTRY
Like Product – Why is it important?
Because to determines:
• which product will fall within the scope of the injury analysis and
hence determines which domestic industry, allegedly suffering injury,
will be investigated, and
• which product in the domestic market of the exporting country will
be used to determine the normal value.
Normal Value
Generally, the price of the like
product when sold in the
exporting country
Normal Value
NORMAL VALUE =
• the comparable price
• in the ordinary course of trade
• for the like product
• when destined for consumption in the exporting
country
Art. 2.1
Ordinary course of trade
• No definition
• Sales at prices below cost may be treated as NOT in the ordinary
course of trade
Rejection of domestic prices
• there are no sales of the like product in the ordinary course
of trade,
OR
• such sales do not permit a proper comparison because of:
- a particular market situation; or
- low volume of sales in the domestic market of the exporting
country , i.e, less than 5% of investigated imports.
Alternative for normal value
Domestic prices in the
exporting country
Export price
to a third
country
Note:
no hierarchy
between
these two
Constructed
value in the
exporting country
Export price to a third country
• The export price to a third country is:
- the comparable price
- of the like product
- when exported to an appropriate third country
- provided that this price is representative
Constructed Value
• Constructed value refers to the construction of a substitute for the
domestic market price in the exporting country
• Constructed value calculated as:
- Cost of production in country of origin
- plus reasonable amount for administrative, selling and general
costs
- and reasonable amount for profits
13
Domestic sales at prices below cost
• Domestic sales (or sales to a third country) at prices below the cost of
production plus sales, general and administrative costs (i.e., sales at
prices below the total cost of production)
- If the remaining domestic sales made in the ordinary course of
trade are of insufficient volume, can reject and use alternatives
(constructed NV or exports to third country)
Art. 2.2.1
Sales below costs
Domestic sales below cost may be disregarded only if such sales are
made:
• Within an extended period of time
• In substantial quantities
• At prices which do not provide for the recovery of all costs within a
reasonable period of time
- If prices  costs/unit at date of sale, but  weighted average
costs/unit over the POI, considered to provide for recovery of costs
within a reasonable period of time
Extended period of time
Normally:
1 year
Never:
 6 months
Substantial quantities
Substantial quantities =
Weighted average selling price of the transactions
consideration is  the weighted average per unit costs
under
OR
when the volume of sales at a loss represents 20% or more of the total
volume sold
Calculation of Costs
Costs shall normally be calculated on the basis of records kept by the
exporter, if:
• Records kept in accordance with GAAP of exporting country
• Reasonably reflect the costs of production and sale of product
• Cost allocations have been historically utilized (especially for
amortization / depreciation periods, capital allowances, other
development costs)
Calculation of costs and profit
• RULE:
The amounts for administrative, selling and general costs and for
profits must be based on:
- actual data
- pertaining to production and sales of the like product
- in the ordinary course of trade
- by the exporter or producer under investigation
Sales below costs
Quantity
10
10
10
5
5
•
•
•
•
•
Normal Value
60
90
120
140
160
Export Price
60
90
120
140
160
Cost
70
80
100
110
120
Reasons for Exclusion: 25% of the Domestic Sales>20%
Normal Value Before Exclusion: 105
Normal Value After the Exclusion: 120
Export Price:105
NO dumping before exclusion, but dumping after the exclusion
Constructed Normal Value
Quantity
10
10
10
5
5
Total
Normal
Export
Total NV
Value
Price
85.424
60
90
900
90
120
1200
120
140
700
140
160
800
160
3600
Cost
70
80
100
110
120
Total cost
800
1000
550
600
2950
• Constructed Normal Value: (Total NV-Total Cost)/Total Cost=Uplift Ratio
(3600-2950)/2950=22%
• Constructed Normal Value=70*(1+22%)=85.424
NV determination-Domestic sales
• Domestic sales normally sufficient quantity if constitute 5% or more
of the sales of the product to the importing country
• Lower ratio should be acceptable if evidence demonstrates that
domestic sales are still of sufficient magnitude to provide for a proper
comparison
Basis of Normal Value
• Domestic price is used as basis for NV
If not possible or unfair, then:
• Export price to third country
or
• Constructed normal value
Non-market economy
• Special case
- NV cannot be based on domestic market price in exporting country
- considered unreliable, i.e., does not reflect market situation, due
to Government role in setting prices
- NV cannot be based on constructed value because of Government
role in establishing input prices
Non-market economy
• No special methodology provided
• a reasonable basis for comparison should be used
• Large degree of discretion
Export Price
Normal case • The price of the exported product in the market of the importing
country
Alternative to export price
• If there is no export price
OR
• Where it appears that the export price is unreliable because of
association, or compensatory arrangement between the exporter and
the importer
Constructed export price
• Constructed on basis of:
- Price at which product is first sold to an independent buyer
OR
- If no such sales, or not sold in the condition as imported, on
reasonable basis as the authorities may determine
Adjustment to constructed EP
• Basic approach:
- Adjustments for costs incurred between import and resale,
including duties and taxes
- Adjustment for profits accruing
• If price comparability affected:
- Adjust NV to same level of trade as that of constructed EP
- Adjust for conditions / terms of sale, taxation, qualities, physical
characteristics, etc, as warranted
Comparison between normal
value and export price
Fair Comparison
For price comparison to be fair, a number of adjustments usually must
be made to export price and/or normal value
Fair Comparison
• The comparison must be made with respect to sales
- at the same level of trade,
◦ normally ex-factory level,
and
- as nearly as possible the same time
Art. 2.4
Fair Comparison
• Due allowance must be made for differences which affect price
comparability, including differences in
- conditions and terms of sale
- taxation
- quantities
- physical characteristics
- levels of trade, and
- any other differences which are demonstrated to affect price
comparability
Fair Comparison
• Must therefore ADJUST normal value and/or export price.
• Exporters seek to increase export price, decrease normal value
• Domestic industry seeks to decrease export price, increase normal
value
Fair Comparison
NORMAL
VALUE
EXPORT
PRICE
ADJUSTMENTS
ADJUSTED
NORMAL
VALUE
ADJUSTMENTS
ADJUSTED
EXPORT
PRICE
Fair Comparison
• Shall inform parties of information needed to ensure fair comparison
(that is, evidence to substantiate claims for adjustments)
• AND
• Shall Not impose an unreasonable burden of proof on parties
Adjustments
Article 2.4
A fair comparison shall be made between the export price and the
normal value. This comparison shall be made at the same level of trade,
normally at the ex-factory level, and in respect of sales made at as
nearly as possible the same time.
WTO Agreement (Cont.)
Article 2.4 (Cont.)
A Due allowance shall be made in each case, on its merits, for
differences which affect price comparability, including differences in
conditions and terms of sale, taxation, levels of trade, quantities,
physical characteristics, and any other differences which are also
demonstrated to affect price comparability.
Considerations
• Affirmative Statements are used.
• Beneficial v Adverse Adjustments.
• Adjustments are not made for all known differences.
• Adjustments are not always transaction specific.
• Only for differences that affect price comparability.
Some general advice
• Adjustments can be complex and the outcomes contentious.
• Consider the claim.
• Examine the evidence.
• Make a decision.
• The outcome follows.
Some more considerations
• We often adjust prices by reference to cost differences.
• What costs are relevant?
• Have regard to the principles
• Examine the evidence.
• Make a judgement.
Typical Adjustments
• The starting point is the reported gross price.
• The common deductions include:
- Specification
- Level of Trade
- Transportation (Terms of Sale/Incoterms)
- Rebate
- Credit Term
- Taxation (VAT/ Drawback)
- Others (packaging….)
Specification Adjustment - Question
Domestic sales price
=
$2.00
Cost of Production of domestic product
=
$1.00
ie Gross mark - up on domestic sale price
=
100%
Cost of Production of exported product
=
$1.50
WHAT IS THE SPECIFICATION
ADJUSTMENT?
Specification Adjustment – Answer
Cost of Production difference
=
$0.50
Value of cost difference
=
$0.50+($0.50*100%)
Adjustment
=
$1.00
Normal Value
=
$3.00
SPECIFICATION ADJUSTMENT IS
THE DIFFERENCEPLUS THE VALUE
OF THE MARK UP.
Specification Adjustment
Quarter
Cost to
Make
Comparable
Domestic
Model
Cost to
make
Diff
(5-3)
Net net
selling
price
Gross
margin
(7-5)/5
Spec
adjust
6+(6*8)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1,041
1Q
265,943
870
268,323
2,380
421,623
0.57
-3,739
1,041
2Q
274,127
875
286,000
11,873
410,660
0.44
-17,048
1,041
3Q
243,708
875
256,453
12,745
382,450
0.49
-19,007
1,041
4Q
231,367
813
208,969 -22,398
284,412
0.36
30,484
1,050
1Q
256,974
870
268,323
11,349
421,623
0.57
-17,834
1,050
2Q
262,914
875
286,000
23,086
410,660
0.44
-33,148
1,050
3Q
250,835
875
269,904
19,069
414,052
0.53
-29,253
1,050
4Q
249,009
875
277,302
28,293
413,812
0.49
-42,221
Export
model
Levels of Trade Adjustment
• Assuming domestic sales are shipped to end-users, while all export
sales are shipped directly to distributors. Since the latter sales do
not involve the provision of distribution services on the part of the
exporter, they have a lower cost.
• This amount is subtracted from the domestic price in order to arrive
at what that price would have been had domestic sales been shipped
directly to distributors.
• Conversely, if domestic sales were shipped directly to distributors,
and export sales were shipped to end-users, the adjustment (the
difference in distribution costs) would be added to the domestic
price with a view to arrive at the price of domestic sales to end-users.
Levels of Trade Adjustment
Example:
• 500 direct customers in home market, 2 in importing country.
• Additional selling expenses at USD 1 million are made in home
market.
• Value on like products in home market USD 200 Millions.
• The adjustment would be 1/200=0.005 for each $.
• The adjustment should be deducted from NV.
Adjustment on Transportations
Loading
Preliminary
Transportation
Customs Clearance
for Export
Packing
Handling
Outbound
Insurance
International
Transportation
Unloading
Final
Transportation
Customs
Clearance
Duties
Handling
Inbound
Adjustments on Incoterms
Loading
Carriage
Export
Unloadin
on
Carriage
Loading
Carriage
to place Import
Import
Incoterm customs
g of truck vessel/ai (Sea/Air) Insuranc Unloadin on truck
to port of
of
customs duties
2010
declarati
in port of rplane in to port of
e
g in
in port of
export
destinati clearance and taxes
on
export
port of
import
import
on
export
EXW
Buyer
Buyer
Buyer
Buyer
Buyer
Buyer
Buyer
Buyer
Buyer
Buyer
Buyer
FCA
Seller
Seller
Buyer
Buyer
Buyer
Buyer
Buyer
Buyer
Buyer
Buyer
Buyer
FAS
Seller
Seller
Seller
Buyer
Buyer
Buyer
Buyer
Buyer
Buyer
Buyer
Buyer
FOB
Seller
Seller
Seller
Seller
Buyer
Buyer
Buyer
Buyer
Buyer
Buyer
CPT
Seller
Seller
Seller
Seller
Seller
Buyer
Seller
Buyer
Buyer/
Seller
Seller
Buyer
Buyer
CFR
Seller
Seller
Seller
Seller
Seller
Buyer
Buyer
Buyer
Buyer
Buyer
CIF
Seller
Seller
Seller
Seller
Seller
Seller
Buyer
Buyer
Buyer
Buyer
CIP
Seller
Seller
Seller
Seller
Seller
Seller
Seller
Buyer/
Seller
Seller
Buyer
Buyer
DAT
Seller
Seller
Seller
Seller
Seller
Seller
Buyer
Buyer
Buyer
Buyer
DAP
Seller
Seller
Seller
Seller
Seller
Seller
Seller
Seller
Buyer
Buyer
DDP
Seller
Seller
Seller
Seller
Seller
Seller
Seller
Seller
Seller
Seller
Seller/
Buyer
Seller/
Buyer
Seller/
Buyer
Buyer/
Seller
Buyer/
Seller
Adjustment on Rebates
• A rebate is an amount paid by way of reduction, return, or refund on
what has already been paid or contributed.
• As most adjustments, rebates are generally paid out as a lump sum,
and not sale-by-sale.
• The source data for rebates can be either an aggregate figure or
transaction-by-transaction. Transaction specific rebates have to be
constructed by allocating the overall rebate to individual sales.
• Any reasonable allocation method would work and just let the
outcome follows.
Adjustment on Rebates
Example:
• 500 direct customers in home market, 2 in importing country. No
rebate for domestic market, but rebate for exporting market.
• The rebate is customers specific, but not transaction specific.
• Total rebate for A is USD 50K, for B is USD 60k. Sales to A is USD
2M, and for B is USD 2.3M.
• The adjustment on rebate for A is 50K/2M=0.25; B:60l/2.3M=0.26.
• $0.25 should be deducted each dollar sale to A, $0.26 should be
deducted to each dollar sale to B.
Adjustment on Credit Terms
• Unlike transportation, rebates, and etc, credit expenses are implicit.
Every time the exporter does not get paid upon delivery, credit
expense incurs.
• The cost of credit should be deducted from the gross price.
• The cost of credit is calculated as the following:
(The number of days outstanding/ 365)*annual interest rate
applicable* gross price.
Adjustment on Credit Terms
The cost of credit is calculated using the following equation:
( ndo / ndy ) x i x gp
where:
• ndo = the number of days outstanding
• ndy = the number of days in a year
• i = the annual (nominal) interest rate applicable to the exporter
during the POI
• gp = the gross price.
Adjustment on Credit Terms
• The number of days outstanding may be taken from a variety of
sources: it may be specific to the transaction concerned, it may be an
average for the foreign buyer concerned, or even an average for all
foreign buyers (domestic buyers in the case of normal value)
purchasing the subject product.
• The interest rate applied in the calculation of the credit expense can
be either a borrowing rate or a deposit rate, depending on the facts at
hand.
Adjustment on Taxations: Drawback
• Under an import duty drawback program, import duties paid on
imports of inputs used for manufacturing exports get rebated.
• The adjustment for import duty drawback simulates what domestic
prices would have been had domestic sales benefited from this
program, as export sales are assumed to have done.
• The amount for duty drawback adjusted is therefore subtracted from
the normal value. Note that while the duty drawback pertains to the
export sale, it is calculated as an adjustment to normal value.
Adjustment on Taxations: Drawback
• The source data for duty drawbacks can be either an aggregate figure
or transaction-by-transaction. Transaction specific duty drawbacks
have to be constructed by allocating the overall drawback to
individual sales.
• Any reasonable allocation method would work and just let the
outcome follows.
Adjustment on Taxations: VAT
• It is common that, as export sales are consumed abroad, they are
exempt from sales taxes (for instance, the value added tax or VAT);
however, the domestic sales are subject to sales taxes such as VAT.
• VAT is generally at a fix percentage.
• The adjustment for VAT simulates what domestic prices would had
been had domestic sales been exempt from the VAT, as export sales
were assumed to be. Therefore, the amount of VAT paid is
subtracted from normal value.
CALCULATING THE MARGIN
OF DUMPING
Calculating the Margin
• Normal rule:
Calculate an individual margin
exporter/foreign producer of the dumped product
for
- that is, normal value, export price, adjustments, for each one
each
Calculating the Margin
EXCEPTION:
• if the number of exporters, importers or products is too large to
examine all, may calculate margin for:
- a statistically valid sample
OR
- largest percentage of volume of exports products which can
reasonably be investigated
• Any selection must be preferably made in consultation with the
exporters / importers concerned
General formula in calculating the margin
ADJUSTED
NORMAL
VALUE
ADJUSTED
EXPORT
PRICE
MARGIN OF
DUMPING
ADJUSTED
EXPORT PRICE
Calculating the margin of dumping
• Three methods for calculating the margin: COMPARE
- normal value per transaction to export price per transaction
- weighted average normal value to weighted average export price
- weighted average normal value to export price per transaction
◦ limited circumstances - pattern of export prices differs among
purchasers, regions, time periods, and must explain
Calculating the margin of dumping
• normal value per transaction to export price per transaction
Quantity
10
10
10
5
5
Normal
Value
60
90
120
140
160
Export
Price
60
90
120
140
160
Cost
70
80
100
110
120
Dumping
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Calculating the margin of dumping
• weighted average normal value to weighted average export price
Quantity
10
10
10
5
5
Weighted
Average
Normal
Value
Export Price
60
90
120
140
160
60
90
120
140
160
105
105
Cost
Dumping
70
80
100
110
120
N/A
Calculating the margin of dumping
• weighted average normal value to to export price per transaction
Quantity
10
10
10
5
5
WA NV
105
Export Price
60
90
120
140
160
Cost
70
80
100
110
120
Dumping
Yes
Yes
N/A
N/A
N/A
Calculating the margin of dumping
• with Constructed Normal Value
Quantity
10
10
10
5
5
Weighted
Average
Normal Value
Export Price Cost
85.425
90
120
140
160
60
90
120
140
160
111.36
105
70
80
100
110
120
Dumping
Yes
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Yes
Constructed Normal Value: (Total NV-Total Cost)/Total Cost=Uplift Ratio
Uplift Ratio* cost=Constructed NV (70*(1+22%)).
Weighted Average Export Price
Number
Date
Adjusted
Qty
of Sale
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
of Sale
B
07/01/2013
08/01/2013
21/01/2013
22/01/2013
07/02/2013
08/02/2013
21/02/2013
22/02/2013
07/03/2013
08/03/2013
21/03/2013
22/03/2013
07/04/2013
08/04/2013
21/04/2013
22/04/2013
07/05/2013
08/05/2013
21/05/2013
22/05/2013
07/06/2013
08/06/2013
MT
C
19
20
18.5
19.5
18
19
17.5
18.5
17
18
16.5
17.5
16
17
15.5
16.5
15
16
14.5
15.5
14
15
Export Price
$/MT
D
444
446
439
443
434
441
429
438
424
435
419
426
414
417
409
409
404
401
400
393
395
387
Share of Each
Sale in Total
Volume
%
E
2.9
3
2.8
3
2.7
2.9
2.7
2.8
2.6
2.7
2.5
2.7
2.4
2.6
2.3
2.5
2.3
2.4
2.2
2.3
2.1
2.3
23
21/06/2013
13.5
24
22/06/2013
14.5
25
07/07/2013
13
26
08/07/2013
14
27
21/07/2013
12.5
28
22/07/2013
13.5
29
07/08/2013
12
30
08/08/2013
13
31
21/08/2013
11.5
32
22/08/2013
12.5
33
07/09/2013
11
34
08/09/2013
12
35
21/09/2013
10.5
36
22/09/2013
11.5
37
07/10/2013
10
38
08/10/2013
11
39
21/10/2013
9.5
40
22/10/2013
10.5
41
07/11/2013
9
42
08/11/2013
10
43
21/11/2013
8.5
44
22/11/2013
9.5
45
07/12/2013
8
46
08/12/2013
9
47
21/12/2013
7.5
48
22/12/2013
8.5
Total Quantity:
660
Weighted Average Export Price:
390
381
385
376
380
367
375
363
370
361
365
357
360
354
355
351
350
347
345
343
340
339
335
337
330
334
395
2
2.2
2
2.1
1.9
2
1.8
2
1.7
1.9
1.7
1.8
1.6
1.7
1.5
1.7
1.4
1.6
1.4
1.5
1.3
1.4
1.2
1.4
1.1
1.3
Weighted Average Normal Value
Number
Date
Adjusted
Qty
of Sale
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
of Sale
B
03/01/2013
04/01/2013
05/01/2013
17/01/2013
18/01/2013
19/01/2013
03/02/2013
04/02/2013
05/02/2013
17/02/2013
18/02/2013
19/02/2013
03/03/2013
04/03/2013
05/03/2013
17/03/2013
18/03/2013
19/03/2013
03/04/2013
04/04/2013
MT
C
35
25
15
34.5
24.5
14.5
34
24
14
33.5
23.5
13.5
33
23
13
32.5
22.5
12.5
32
22
Export Price
$/MT
D
452
451
450
447
446
446
443
442
441
438
437
436
434
433
432
429
428
427
424
423
Share of Each
Sale in Total
Volume
%
E
4.7
3.4
2
4.6
3.3
2
4.6
3.2
1.9
4.5
3.2
1.8
4.4
3.1
1.8
4.4
3
1.7
4.3
3
21
05/04/2013
12
423
1.6
22
17/04/2013
31.5
420
4.2
23
18/04/2013
21.5
419
2.9
24
19/04/2013
11.5
418
1.5
25
03/05/2013
31
415
4.2
26
04/05/2013
21
414
2.8
27
05/05/2013
11
413
1.5
28
17/05/2013
30.5
411
4.1
29
18/05/2013
20.5
410
2.8
30
19/05/2013
10.5
409
1.4
31
03/06/2013
30
406
4
32
04/06/2013
20
405
2.7
404
1.3
33
05/06/2013
10
Total Quantity:
743
Weighted Average Normal Value:
429
Dumping Margins
Weighted Avg. Normal Value
Against a Weighted Avg Export
Price
Weighted
Average
Weighted
Average
Dumping
Margin
Dumping
Margin
Export
Price
Normal
Value
in Absolute
Terms
in Percentage
Terms
$/MT
$/MT
$/MT
%
A
B
C=B-A
D = C / A x 100
395
429
34
8.66
Calculation of the Dumping Margin
for the Subject Merchandise
Weighted
Average
Weighted Dumping
Shares in Total
Product
Average
Margin in
Volume Exported
Code
Normal Percentage
during POI
Export Price
Value
Terms
$/MT
$/MT
%
D=C-B/B
A
B
C
E
x 100
A
395
429
8.66
40%
B
424
414
-2.36
20%
C
D
E
408
420
402
425
416
454
4.17
-0.95
12.94
3%
5%
15%
F
440
440
0
2%
G
410
415
1.22
4%
H
401
408
1.75
3%
I
402
437
8.71
3%
J
409
440
Weighted Average Dumping
Margin:
7.58
5%
5.75
Dumping Margin by
Individual NV to Individual EP
Date of
Export
Sale
Exported Adjusted
Date
Adjusted
Dumping Margin Shares in
of Sale
Normal
Value
in Percentage
Terms
Export
Volume
$/MT
%
%
Qty
Export
Price
MT
$/MT
A
B
C
D
E
F = E - C / C × 100
G
07/01/00
08/01/00
21/01/00
22/01/00
07/02/00
08/02/00
21/02/00
22/02/00
07/03/00
08/03/00
21/03/00
22/03/00
07/04/00
08/04/00
21/04/00
22/04/00
07/05/00
08/05/00
21/05/00
22/05/00
07/06/00
08/06/00
19
20
18.5
19.5
18
19
17.5
18.5
17
18
16.5
17.5
16
17
15.5
16.5
15
16
14.5
15.5
14
15
444
415
439
410
434
405
429
400
424
395
419
390
414
385
409
380
404
375
400
370
395
365
05/01/00
05/01/00
19/01/00
19/01/00
05/02/00
05/02/00
19/02/00
19/02/00
05/03/00
05/03/00
19/03/00
19/03/00
05/04/00
05/04/00
19/04/00
19/04/00
05/05/00
05/05/00
19/05/00
19/05/00
05/06/00
05/06/00
450
450
446
446
441
441
436
436
432
432
427
427
423
423
418
418
413
413
409
409
404
404
1.4
8.6
1.5
8.8
1.6
9
1.7
9.2
1.8
9.4
1.9
9.6
2
9.9
2.1
10.1
2.2
10.3
2.3
10.5
2.5
10.8
2.9
3
2.8
3
2.7
2.9
2.7
2.8
2.6
2.7
2.5
2.7
2.4
2.6
2.3
2.5
2.3
2.4
2.2
2.3
2.1
2.3
21/06/00
22/06/00
07/07/00
08/07/00
21/07/00
22/07/00
07/08/00
08/08/00
21/08/00
22/08/00
07/09/00
08/09/00
21/09/00
22/09/00
07/10/00
08/10/00
21/10/00
22/10/00
07/11/00
08/11/00
21/11/00
22/11/00
07/12/00
08/12/00
21/12/00
22/12/00
13.5
14.5
13
14
12.5
13.5
12
13
11.5
12.5
11
12
10.5
11.5
10
11
9.5
10.5
9
10
8.5
9.5
8
9
7.5
8.5
Total Quantity: 660
390
360
385
355
380
350
375
345
370
340
365
335
360
330
355
325
350
320
345
315
340
310
335
305
330
300
19/06/00
19/06/00
05/07/00
05/07/00
19/07/00
19/07/00
05/08/00
05/08/00
19/08/00
19/08/00
05/09/00
05/09/00
19/09/00
19/09/00
05/10/00
05/10/00
19/10/00
19/10/00
04/11/00
04/11/00
18/11/00
18/11/00
04/12/00
04/12/00
18/12/00
18/12/00
Weighted Average Dumping Margin:
415
415
410
410
410
410
405
405
405
405
400
400
400
400
395
395
395
395
390
390
390
390
385
385
385
385
6.4
15.2
6.5
15.4
7.9
17
8
17.3
9.4
19
9.5
19.2
11
21
11.2
21.4
12.8
23.2
13
23.6
14.6
25.5
14.8
25.9
16.5
28
10.03
2
2.2
2
2.1
1.9
2
1.8
2
1.7
1.9
1.7
1.8
1.6
1.7
1.5
1.7
1.4
1.6
1.4
1.5
1.3
1.4
1.2
1.4
1.1
1.3
Amount of duty
• NO MORE THAN THE MARGIN OF DUMPING
• NO MORE THAN THE AMOUNT OF SUBSIDY, CALCULATED PER
UNIT OF THE PRODUCT EXPORTED
Modalities of Duty
• Ad valorem duty
- % of customs value
• Specific duty
- amount per unit
• Variable duty
shipment concerned
- NV (POI) - export price of
De minimis dumping
• If the margin of dumping for a producer is less than 2 % of export
price, it is considered de minimis
• No remedy allowed for de minimis dumping
Negligible imports
• Imports from a country that are less than 3% of the total volume of
imports of the like product are considered negligible
• unless imports which individually are negligible collectively account
for more than 7% of total volume of imports
• No remedy allowed for negligible imports
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