Workshop
ECOSYSTEM SERVICES OF THE ALPINE FORESTS
Approaches, good practices and examples
8th June 2016
Trento
Ecosystem Services valorisation in Trentino:
mushroom picking permits, tourism
infrastructures
Francesco Dellagiacoma
Autonomus Province of Trento
WG Mountain Forests Alpine Convention
Regulation for mushroom picking was introduced 1973
Limit of 2 kg/day for everyone; permit for people resident
outside the province (to be determined by municipalities/
association of); use of rigid, open containers
revenue of mushroom picking permits per ha of forest area
in the 9 forest distritcs - total amount 912.000 € (3 years avg)
5,00
4,50
4,00
3,50
3,00
2,50
2,00
1,50
1,00
Rovereto/Riva
Tione
Cles
Malè
Pergine
Cavalese
Trento
Primiero
-
Valsugana
0,50
mushroom revenue per ha of forest area - average 2,42 €/ha
5,00
4,50
4,00
3,50
3,00
2,50
2,00
1,50
1,00
provincia
Rovereto/Riva
Tione
Cles
Malè
Pergine
Cavalese
Trento
Primiero
-
Valsugana
0,50
Significant differences due to forest type, tourism, urban areas (Trento),
organisation
mushroom revenue per ha of forest area - some municipalities/associations
60,00
50,00
40,00
30,00
20,00
Luserna
Folgaria
Lavarone
Rendena
Castelcond-Prezzo
Storo
Sella Giudicarie
Castelfondo
Brez
Rumo
Sole s Rabbi
Fiemme
Pinè
Bedollo
Levico
Centa
Provincia
Andalo
Canal San Bovo
Primiero com
Grigno
Castello Tesino
Pieve Tesino
Telve
0,00
Borgo-Castelnuovo
10,00
Difference are very significant when we consider single areas: in general smaller
areas (in yellow) with high mushroom production show hugher values.
Partial exception is Fiemme valley: 8,8 €/ha over an area of 20.000 ha. Good
practice: association of 11 municipalities (coordinated by the Magnifica Comunità),
employing 3-4 controllers over the summer
Valsugana Tesino
Altipiani Cimbri
160.000,00
180.000
140.000,00
160.000
140.000
120.000,00
100.000,00
120.000
80.000,00
100.000
80.000
60.000,00
60.000
40.000,00
40.000
20.000,00
20.000
-
0
2010
2011
2012
2013
2013
2014
2015
Fiemme
Revenue vary over the
years, due to
mushroom production
200.000
150.000
100.000
50.000
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Permits are of different type (1 day, 3 days, weekly,
monthly) with different values. Cost per 1 day picking
varies 2,5 a 6-7 €
Numbers of permits are not available; I estimated the
total picking days at 150.000 (6,1 €/day)
Fiemme, type and number of permits
4000
Rendena, Ragoli II, Stenico
2010
2011
2012
2013
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
1 day 12 €
3 days 18 €
7 days 24 € 14 days 3 €
permits
days
income
5731
5723
5224
3979
5164
27798
35421
32884
20547
29163
71385
74735
68465
48565
65788
For comparison the total value of wood (fire wood self collected by
inhabitants included: in total about 550.000 m³) is 40-50.000.000€)
Essential difference: for mushroom and fire wood (with the exception of
coppice) the total value does not consider collection costs (self-production,
informal market); while round wood is collected by professional companies
(collection costs: 30-50%).
Moreover roundwood is the only direct income for forest owners
total value of mushrooms, wood in Trentino
38.250.000
40.000.000
35.000.000
30.000.000
25.000.000
20.000.000
11.250.000
7.800.000
15.000.000
10.000.000
5.000.000
0
mushrooms
industrial roundwood
firewood
- Regulation is accepted by residents and tourists
- It produces a significant revenue (although not directly to forest owners)
- It creates the opportunity for an additional income
- It is linked to outdoor activity, passion for looking for, piccking, prepare a natural,
healthy, local, wild food
- part of the products ends up in the gastronomy (important for area marketing)
- its economics derives from the self produced picking activity (non accounted
for) which collectors like to do [sharing principle]
Further development
Recognition of the informal activity as a tax free additional revenue (prospect:
traceability of local wild products)
Linking revenues to forestry and natural environment investment opportunity
for forest owners (making it less a tax and more a Payment for an Ecosystem
Service)
Regole Spinale Manez
Collective ownership of the regolieri (inhabitants for
25 years) of 3 small villages (Ragoli, Preore,
Montagne). Since 2016 one municipality (Tre Ville)
1460 inhabitants, 922 regolieri, 448 fuochi (families)
Area: 4640 ha
Forest: 1390 ha yearly cutting 4200 m³ + 600 t
rewood (for regolieri)
3 malghe (alp farms): 549 ha, 295 UBA
Madonna di Campiglio and the Regole
Important alpine climbing and Ski area
1936: 1st skilift Campo Carlo Magno - Spinale
5 alpine huts (CAI-SAT, privates)
The Regole partecipate to the Development Agency
Campiglio, owner of important tourism
infrastructures (7,45%, represented inthe board of
directors, as well as in the one affiliated, managing
the Ski Facilities)
Ski tracks and facilieties
Today: 100,00 ha tracks, facilities, infrastructures (60% of
total) are in area owned by the Regole.
Concessions (upto 70 years for buildings) and ownership
conservation
Annual revenue 220.000 Eu (10% of total Regole
revenue)
Touristic infrastructures in ownership
(alpfarms transformed into restaurants/holiday house with
high investments in past years)
3 restaurants (rented as companies through bidding
competition): Montagnoli (420 posti), Boch (300 posti),
Dosson (220 posti), Pra della Casa (casa per ferie)
They produce an annual income of 1.240.000 Eu, (51%
of total). Approx 220.000 Eu maintenance (highly
variable)
Large investment capacity: at the moment 3 Mill
reserves, to be invested this year for total renovation
of a structure (total 5 Mill €)
Buildings in Madonna di Campiglio
(31 flat units, 6 shops, 2 markets (rented as
companies)
Flat units’ rent: 1rst run restricted to regolieri; after
that open with public notice
Income: 380.000 Eu (16% of total). Approximately
38.000 € maintenance
Alps, pastures, diary, forest, game management
Traditional farm activities, diary (land + buildings)
Income 90.000 Eu
Game management (3 in the whole province)
Income 65.000 Eu
Forest
Forest 149.000 Eu
Total income 350.000 € (16% of total)
Maintenance (land, forest, infrastructures) 185.000 Eu
(7%)
The institution Regole Spinale Manez
1 director
3 office employees
1 technical employee
1 worker (seasonal)
1 game warden
Invests in social activities + study subsidies 137.000
Eu; 220.000 as traditional fuel costs (500 € per ‘fuoco’)
(in form of delivered firewood or fuel voucher)
pays 275.000 taxes and insurance
Social Capital: strong and recognized institution, high
participation feeling, pride of local population:
periodical newsletter, information, participation,
permanent exhibition