Fathom Five
2005 Scuba Diver
Safety Awareness Program
(SDSAP)
Karen Lassen, Parks Canada
Glen Dunham, Parks Canada
Tara Harpur, Parks Canada, Diver Registration Office
Dr. George Harpur, Tobermory Hyperbaric Centre
Raimund Krob, Ontario Underwater Council
The goals of this presentation are
to:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
show you why Fathom Five needs a Scuba Diver
Safety Awareness Program (SDSAP)
familiarize you with the stakeholders that contributed to
the development of the Fathom Five SDSAP
show you the major components of the Fathom Five
SDSAP and the estimated costs
inform you of the approach employed
invite you to submit any final improvements /
suggestions
ask for your approval to proceed and advise you of the
next steps
2
Why Fathom Five needs a Scuba
Diver Safety Awareness Program
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
2004
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1973
0.00
1972
Scuba Diver Fatality
rate per 2,000
Registrations
Fathom Five
Scuba Diver Fatality Rate per 2,000 Registrations, by Year
Year
After a 7-year track record of no fatalities between 1989 and 1995, the annual
Scuba Diver Fatality Rate-per-2,000 registrations has started an unacceptable
and accelerating upward trend. The goal of this SDSAP is to reverse this trend.
3
What can happen when you
implement an SDSAP…
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
1972
1973
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2010
Fatality Rate per 2000
Registrations
Fathom Five
Scuba Diver Fatality Rate (per 2000 Registrations) per Year
Fathom Five
SDSAP
implemented
beginning of
2005 Dive
Season
Year
Important: There is absolutely no way we can EVER be sure that the Fathom
Five SDSAP we implemented was the direct cause of having (0) Scuba Fatalities in
2005 and to date in 2006, but we think it’s reasonable to assume that it didn’t hurt.
4
Fathom Five SDSAP Stakeholders*
•
•
•
•
Parks Canada (Fathom Five) staff
Tobermory Hyperbaric Centre staff
Tobermory Dive Retailers / Charter Operators
Ontario Underwater Council
–
–
–
–
–
–
Board Members
Retail Members
Instructor Members
Dive Master Members
Club Executive Members
Scuba Diving OUC Members & non-OUC Members
*Stakeholders are all the groups/people that contributed to and/or
will benefit from Fathom Five’s 2005 Scuba Diver Safety
Awareness Program (SDSAP)
5
The “Standard Accident Pyramid”
Theoretical 1*
Model
Fatality
10*
Major Injuries
100*
Minor Injuries
1000*
Unsafe Acts
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
*Note: numbers shown are not
representative of Scuba Diving
and are shown for illustrative
(theoretical) purposes only.
Every 1000* unsafe acts will drive 100* minor injuries
Every 100* minor injuries will drive 10* major injuries
Every 10* major injuries will drive 1* fatality.
To reduce fatalities at the top of the pyramid, reduce the numbers of unsafe acts at the bottom
of the pyramid!
To reduce unsafe acts at the bottom of the pyramid, increase safety awareness!
6
To increase safety awareness, implement a safety awareness program!
The 6 “building blocks” of Fathom
Five’s SDSAP
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
A revised Scuba Diver Registration form
A revised Fathom Five “Diving Guide” brochure
A brand-new Fathom Five “Scuba Diver Safety
Recommendations & Regulations” poster
A brand-new Fathom Five “Scuba Diver Fatality
Charts” document
A brand-new Fathom Five “Scuba Diver SelfEvaluation Checklist”
A brand-new Fathom Five “Scuba Diving Sites”
document
All SDSAP deliverables feature a common “look & feel”, employ
consistent language & terminology, and reinforce on one-another.
7
Estimated Incremental Costs of the
SDSAP’s 6 building blocks
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
$200 (assume 5,000 b&w copies @ 4¢ per copy)
$0 (assume brochure is being reprinted anyways)
$230 (assume $30 for 1 colour 3-foot by 4-foot poster
plus $200 for 5,000 b&w copies @ 4¢ per copy)
$0 (assume 1 x 8.5” x 11” colour print)
$200 (assume 5,000 b&w copies @ 4¢ per copy)
$200 (assume 5,000 b&w copies @ 4 ¢ per copy)
Total: $830
These costs are estimates based on the identified assumptions only.
Therefore if any of the underlying assumptions change, then so will the
costs.
8
SDSAP deliverable #1: Revise old
Diver Registration form (below)
The old registration card took scuba divers’ names, took their addresses,
took their information, and took their money. In exchange, scuba divers
were given little more than a numbered plastic tag.
9
SDSAP deliverable #1: New Scuba
Diver Registration form (below)
The revised Diver Registration now includes Emergency Contact
information, e-mail address, and # of dives fields. During registration,
Registration Office staff will give every registering diver a copy of the
“Fathom Five Scuba Diver Safety Recommendations & Regulations”
document (see Slide 10) to keep, as well as step them through it.
Please mouse-over the icon to view.
10
SDSAP deliverable #2:
Completely-revised “Diving Guide”
brochure
• More than 100 updates, featuring:
– Updated Safety recommendations
– New “Emergency Contact” numbers
– “Caution” symbols
for selected sites
– Dozens of updates on Dive sites
All registering divers will be given a copy of this revised Fathom Five
Diving Guide brochure to keep.
A soft copy of the brochure will be included in this presentation as soon
As Parks Canada provides it.
11
SDSAP deliverable #3:
Brand-new “Safety Recommendations
& Regulations poster AND handout”
A poster-sized version of this document will be prominently displayed on a
wall in the Diver Registration Office. An 8.5” x 11” version of this document
will be handed out to every registering diver to keep. Registration Office
staff will thoroughly review the contents of the document with every diver
as part of the registration process. Please mouse-over to view.
12
SDSAP deliverable #4:
Scuba Diver Fatality Charts
This document will be made available by Registration Office staff to
registering divers upon request only, and for viewing only.
Please mouse-over to view.
13
SDSAP deliverable #5:
Scuba Diver Self-Evaluation Checklist
The proposal is to either post this in 8.5” x 11” format in the Diver
Registration office, or to make it available to be handed out to Registering
Divers. Mouse-over to view.
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SDSAP deliverable #6:
Fathom Five Scuba Sites
The proposal is to post this document in 8.5” x 11” format in the Diver
Registration office, and to make it available to be handed out (or sold*) to
Registering Divers. (* ~$1 per copy if the GPS coordinates had an
additional digit of accuracy). Mouse-over to view.
15
The approach that was employed:
•
•
•
•
Meeting called with Parks Canada Fathom Five Staff Karen Lassen & Glen
Dunham, Dr. George Harpur, and OUC Director of Sport Safety Raimund
Krob on 2005-03-20
All available scuba statistics for Fathom Five, Ontario, and North America
were reviewed.
The team then brainstormed & documented the many ideas
Brainstormed ideas were filtered into 2 categories:
– “immediately actionable” ideas (these had to be inexpensive, easy, & fast), and
– “for future consideration” ideas
•
•
•
•
•
The team then executed an attack plan on the “immediately actionable”
ideas, through an iterative, e-mail intensive, rapid-fire authoring-and-peerreview process until completion 8 days later (2005-03-28).
A walk-through was conducted on 2005-03-29
Archived “for future consideration” ideas for later
A walk-through was conducted on 2005-05-04 with Tara Harpur
A 2nd walk-through was conducted on 2005-05-18 with Tara Harpur
16
Any improvements or suggestions
(immediately-actionable or otherwise)?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
17
Next steps…
• Secure your approval to proceed
– If you do not approve, please advise why not
– Also please advise what you would approve
• Print everything that needs to be printed
• Post everything that needs to be posted
• Inform / Train Diver Registration Office
Management & Staff
• Monitor roll-out closely & feed back to
Parks Canada & OUC.
18
Back-up Slide/s
1. Reducing fatalities by applying safety
awareness to “Standard Accident
Pyramid” theoretical model.
2. TBD
3. TBD
19