P-1
Outline
 Principles of cellular geo-location
 Why Geo-Location?
 Radio location principles
 Urban area challenges
 HAWK – suggested solution
P-2
Why Cellular Geo – location?
 Because there is no other choice to trace a call
when needed:
 Emergency
 Homeland security
 Criminal
 Galileo/GPS do not solve:
 Indoor coverage (70% in Europe and growing)
 Homeland security
 The cat and the bell
P-3
Radio Location Principle
1st Fingerprint
Mobile Unit
P-4
Radio Location Principle
2nd Fingerprint
Mobile Unit
P-5
Radio Location Principle
Correlation to prediction
3rd Fingerprint
Mobile Unit
P-6
Outline
 Principles of cellular geo-location
 Urban area challenges




The urban channel
Indoor coverage
Multi-Floor – Three Dimensional search space
Limitation of Cell ID
 HAWK – suggested solution
P-7
The Urban Channel
Mobile Unit
P-8
The Urban Channel
Reflected and diffracted rays from the
serving cell to the mobile
P-9
Service Maps In Urban Areas (1)
Conventional View
Each color represents the server sector at the point
P-10
Service Maps In Urban Areas (2)
Actual Situation
Each color represents the serving cell at the point
P-11
Where is the serving cell? (1)
View from Call Location
towards serving cell
1th Floor
Call Origination Location
P-12
Where is the serving cell? (2)
3th Floor
Call Origination Location
View from Call Location
towards serving cell
P-13
Where is the serving cell? (3)
5th Floor
Call Origination Location
P-14
Limitations of Cell ID/ Delay (1)
Call
Origination
GSM Range
Measurement
Accuracy- 275m
P-15
Limitations of Cell ID/ Delay (3)
3000
2500
2000
Delay
Based
Distance 1500
Estimation
(m)
In urban areas, the range
estimation has systematic error
due to reflections:
- only 48% within nominal
accuracy +/-275m
- more than 10% with more
than 1000m error!
1000
500
0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
Actual Distance (m)
P-16
2500
3000
Outline
 Principles of cellular geo-location
 Urban area challenges
 HAWK – suggested solution
 HAWK Configuration and concept
 Enhanced Fingerprint Concept
 3D database
P-17
HAWK Configuration
Management
System (MS)
Network A
OE
a
Network B
OE
b
Network C
OE
c
Network Operator Equipment
UE
type 1
Communication
& Security
Server (CSS)
Location
Engine
(LE)
P-18
UE
type 2
UE
type 3
HAWK User Equipment
Enhanced Fingerprint Concept (1)
 HAWK unique solution integrates five sources
of information:





Multi cell signal strength fingerprint
Angle of Arrival (based on existing antennas)
Multi-path Fingerprint
Topography and geographical features
Cell ID + Delay measurement
P-19
Enhanced Fingerprint Concept (2)
 HAWK is easily integrated in existing wireless
network:
 No impact on infrastructure
 relay on information that is collected natively by
the network
 HAWK accuracy is more than 30 times better
than current cell based solutions
 HAWK 3D database allows location up to the
apartment level!
P-20
3D Coverage Database
Coverage database contains coverage information per
area bin and per building, per floor
Each color represents the received signal strength
P-21
Accurate Channel Analysis
 Full ray tracing analysis generates:
 High accuracy predictions
 Channel response: enhancement of
the range measurement
P-22
Reminder: Standard Location Area
Cell ID + Range based estimated location
P-23
HAWK Output – 3D Location
Call Origination Estimated Location
Red color represents highest probability of location
P-24
Summary
 Urban area contains several challenges to cellular location:
 Cell ID and range measurements are not reliable
 Location becomes a three dimensional problem
 Enhanced fingerprint combined with accurate 3D modeling
provide an efficient, low-cost solution to these challenges
 Suggested technology is a “no loopholes” solution: locates
any type of mobile phone, anywhere
 The HAWK system successfully utilizes this technology in
the field for more than two years
P-25