Essential Biology 09: Plant Science (AHL)
Student Name:
Due Date:
Candidate Number: 002171-xxx
Blog resource: http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com/ahl/09-plant-science/
1. Define vascular plant.
Vascular plants (tracheophytes) have conductive tissues (a vascular system) for transporting
water, minerals and nutrients throughout the plant. (1)
2. Distinguish between angiospermophytes and gymnospermophytes.
3. Complete the table below to distinguish between monocotyledons and dicotyledons.
You may use labeled diagrams if you wish.
Monocotyledon
Dicotyledon
Examples
Number of
cotyledons
(first leaves)
Roots
Stem tissue
distribution
Leaves
Flowers
Stephen Taylor
Bandung International School
http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com
Essential Biology 09: Plant Science (AHL)
Student Name:
Due Date:
Candidate Number: 002171-xxx
For much of the remainder of the unit we focus on dicotyledons (dicots), which are examples of
angiosperms. Be sure to use dicot examples in any research you carry out.
4. In the space below, draw and label a tissue plan (low power) diagram of a dicot stem.
5. Draw and label a tissue plan diagram of a dicot leaf.
6. Outline the functions of the following leaf structures.
How does their position/ distribution in the leaf relate to their function?
Structure
Waxy cuticle
Function
Distribution/ function relationship
Palisade mesophyll
Spongy mesophyll
Vascular bundle i. xylem
ii. phloem
Guard cells and stomata
Stephen Taylor
Bandung International School
http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com
Essential Biology 09: Plant Science (AHL)
Student Name:
Due Date:
Candidate Number: 002171-xxx
7. Give named examples of the following modified leaf, root and stem structures:
Example:
How is it modified?
Image:
Leaf: tendril
e.g. Bignonia
Leaf: bulb
Stem tuber
Root tuber
8. Define meristem.
9. Explain why meristem cells are more likely to be in mitosis than cells found in other parts of
the plant.
10. Distinguish between apical and lateral meristems in terms of location and function in the
stem.
11. Compare the functions of apical and lateral growth.
Stephen Taylor
Bandung International School
http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com
Essential Biology 09: Plant Science (AHL)
Student Name:
Due Date:
Candidate Number: 002171-xxx
12. Compare methods of growth due to apical and lateral meristems.
13. Describe the function of the axillary bud.
What is the trigger to growth of a new shoot or branch?
14. Define tropism.
15. Compare these types of tropism:
Response to:
Positive or negative?
Phototropism
Geotropism
(radicle)
Geotropism
(plumule)
Hydrotropism
Stephen Taylor
Bandung International School
http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com
Essential Biology 09: Plant Science (AHL)
Student Name:
Due Date:
Candidate Number: 002171-xxx
16. Define auxin.
17. Explain, with the aid of a diagram, the role of auxins in phototropism.
18. Outline how the following structures of the roots are beneficial to the plant:
a. Branching roots
b. Root hairs
c. Tap roots
d. Wide-reaching roots
Stephen Taylor
Bandung International School
http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com
Essential Biology 09: Plant Science (AHL)
Student Name:
Due Date:
Candidate Number: 002171-xxx
19. Match up the following mineral ions with their functions in plants:
Nitrates
(NO3−)
Stimulate root growth and flowering
Phosphates (HPO4−)
Potassium
Regulation of water use/ loss
(K+)
Amino acid/ protein production
20. Describe these three methods of mineral ion movement through the soil to the roots:
a. Diffusion
b. Mass flow
c. Via fungal hyphae (how is this relationship mutualistic?)
21. Explain why mineral ions need to be taken up by active transport in the roots.
(Go all the way back to membrane transport!)
22. Distinguish between anions and cations.
23. What is the source of energy used in active transport at the root hairs?
Stephen Taylor
Bandung International School
http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com
Essential Biology 09: Plant Science (AHL)
Student Name:
Due Date:
Candidate Number: 002171-xxx
24. Annotate the diagram below to explain the uptake of cations by mineral exchange.
25. Annotate the diagram below to explain the uptake of anions by symport.
26. Identify one step in ion uptake which is common to both symport and ion exchange.
Stephen Taylor
Bandung International School
http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com
Essential Biology 09: Plant Science (AHL)
Student Name:
Due Date:
Candidate Number: 002171-xxx
27. Describe how the following methods help support a plant:
a. Thickened cellulose
b. Lignified xylem
c. Cell turgor
28. Define transpiration.
29. Annotate the diagram to explain how the structure of primary xylem facilitates transpiration.
30. Outline how water leaves the leaves of a plant.
31. State one property of water which allows a transpiration pull to be generated.
Stephen Taylor
Bandung International School
http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com
Essential Biology 09: Plant Science (AHL)
Student Name:
Due Date:
Candidate Number: 002171-xxx
32. Explain how the action of guard cells allows the plant to balance CO2 uptake with control
over water loss.
33. Outline factors cause the opening of the stoma.
34. Outline the hormones and other factors which cause the closing of the stoma.
35. Draw and label a simple diagram to show the open and closed stomata.
Include cell turgor, water pressure.
36. Define boundary layer.
37. Explain how the presence of a boundary layer decreases the rate of evaporation of water
from the leaf.
Stephen Taylor
Bandung International School
http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com
Essential Biology 09: Plant Science (AHL)
Student Name:
Due Date:
Candidate Number: 002171-xxx
38. Complete the table to explain how the following abiotic factors affect the rate of
transpiration:
Effect
Reason
Temperature
Light
Wind
Humidity
39. Define xerophyte.
40. Define hydrophyte.
41. Describe three physical adaptations of xerophytes to minimise water loss.
42. Describe two life cycle adaptations of xerophytes to minimize water loss.
43. Describe how CAM plant metabolism is an adaptation to preventing water loss.
Stephen Taylor
Bandung International School
http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com
Essential Biology 09: Plant Science (AHL)
Student Name:
Due Date:
Candidate Number: 002171-xxx
44. List three types of macromolecule transported by active translocation.
45. State the function of phloem.
46. Distinguish between source and sink in terms of molecules in plants.
47. Complete the table below to show the sources and sinks of sugars and amino acids in plants.
Sugars
Amino Acids
Sources
Sinks
48. Draw and label a simple line drawing of an animal-pollinated dicot.
Include all reproductive structures.
49. Outline the steps involved in insect-pollination of a flower.
Begin with attraction of the insect to the flower.
Stephen Taylor
Bandung International School
http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com
Essential Biology 09: Plant Science (AHL)
Student Name:
Due Date:
Candidate Number: 002171-xxx
50. Describe the process of fertilization in a flowering plant.
Begin with the pollen grain on the stigma.
51. Identify the site of seed development in a fertilized dicot.
52. State two advantages of dispersing seeds over a wide area.
53. Outline some examples of these methods of seed dispersal:
a. By wind
b. By water
c. By animal vector
54. In the space below, draw a simple line drawing to show the structure of a green bean seed.
Label and include functions of: testa, micropyle, scar, radical and plumule
Stephen Taylor
Bandung International School
http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com
Essential Biology 09: Plant Science (AHL)
Student Name:
Due Date:
Candidate Number: 002171-xxx
55. Define germination.
56. State the functions of the following in the germination of a seed?
a. Water
b. Ideal temperature/ pH
c. Oxygen
57. Annotate the diagram below to outline the metabolic processes during the germination of a
starchy seed:
Stephen Taylor
Bandung International School
http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com
Essential Biology 09: Plant Science (AHL)
Student Name:
Due Date:
Candidate Number: 002171-xxx
58. Distinguish between long-day and short-day plants in terms of conditions needed for
flowering.
59. Define phytochrome.
60. Distinguish between red light and far-red light.
61. Use the diagram below to help explain the interconversion of phytochromes during daylight
and darkness.
Stephen Taylor
Bandung International School
http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com
Essential Biology 09: Plant Science (AHL)
Student Name:
Due Date:
Candidate Number: 002171-xxx
62. Explain how phytochrome levels control flowering.
a. In short-day plants.
b. In long-day plants.
63. Describe the results of one experiment to show that it is in fact night-length that is critical in
triggering flowering and not day-length.
Stephen Taylor
Bandung International School
http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com
Essential Biology 09: Plant Science (AHL)
Due Date:
Candidate Number: 002171-xxx
Student Name:
Works Cited
1. Dictionary.com. Vascular Plants. Dictionary.com. [Online] [Cited: October 2, 2010.]
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/vascular+plant?r=75&src=ref&ch=dic.
2. Allott, Andrew. IB Study Guide: Biology for the IB Diploma. s.l. : Oxford University Press, 2007. 978-019-915143-1.
3. Taylor, Stephen. Plant Science. Science Video Resources. [Online] October 2, 2010.
http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com/ahl/09-plant-science/.
Self Assessment:
Essential Biology
Criterion
Presentation &
Organisation
Academic
Honesty
Objective 1
understanding
Objective 2
understanding
Objective3
understanding
Logic, notation,
mathematical
working
Further research
Assessment
Complete (2)
Partially complete (1)
NA
Complete and neat. All command terms
highlighted, tables and diagrams well presented.
Self
Sources cited using the CSE (ISO 690 numerical)
method, with Works Cited section complete and
correct.
All answers for the following command terms
Most answers for the following command terms
correct:
correct:
Define
Draw
Label
List
Measure State
Most answers for the following command terms
All answers for the following command terms correct:
correct:
Annotate Apply
Calculate Describe Distinguish Estimate Identify
Outline
Most answers for the following command terms
All answers for the following command terms correct:
correct:
Analyse Comment Compare Construct Deduce Derive Design Determine Discuss
Evaluate
Explain Predict
Show Solve
Sketch Suggest
Answers are presented in a logical and concise
manner. SI units used most times, with correct
NA
unit symbols and definitions of terms. All
mathematical working shown.
Evidence is apparent of research and reading
beyond the textbook and presentations to find
correct answers to challenging questions. If any
NA
questions are unanswered, this criterion scores
zero.
NA
Total (max 10):
Stephen Taylor
Bandung International School
http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com
MrT