Порядок слов в предложении
Подлежащее
Сказуемое
Дополнения
Косвенное
Прямое
Предложное
Обстоятельства
Места
Времени
Система времен английских глаголов
Future in the Past
Past
Present
Future
Прошедшее
Настоящее
Будущее
Таблица времен глагола
Types of banks
• Commercial banks are the most important
banks. They offer many services, different
forms of accounts and also loans. While, at
first, commercial banks only offered its
services to businesses and companies, they
are for everyone today.
• Investment banks do not take or keep the
money of individuals. They help
organizations and large companies raise
money on the international financial
markets.
• Central banks manage the banking system in a
country. The Federal Reserve in the United
States and Bank of England are two prominent
banks that take over these tasks. The
European Central Bank is responsible for the
circulation of money in the Euro zone.
• Online banks can often give their customers
more interest because they do not have the
expenses that physical banks do. They can be
accessed over the internet and are becoming
more and more popular.
• Savings and loans are banks that specialize in
financing houses. Although interest rates are higher
such banks offer up to 30-year mortgages.
Customers pay back their loan through a monthly
payment that they can afford.
• Development banks are financial organizations that
help Third World Countries. They provide money
for nations in Africa, Asia and South America and
offer technical help. The World Bank has imposed
the structural adjustment programs on indebted
countries in the Third World. These programs
impose conditions for deregulating the economy,
increasing access for foreign investors, cutting state
spending and increasing dependence on exports of
commodities.
Оборот There is
There is a mistake in this text - В этом тексте есть (имеется)
ошибка.
There are trees in his garden - В его саду есть (имеются)
деревья.
There is an interesting story in the book - В книге есть
интересный рассказ.
There is a monument near my house - Возле моего дома
есть памятник.
There was a restaurant in this area - В этом районе был
ресторан.
There were fifteen chairs in that room - В той комнате
было пятнадцать стульев.
There was an airport and two railway stations in our city - В
нашем городе был аэропорт и два вокзала.
There will be three referees in the championship - На
чемпионате будет три судьи.
There will be a new fountain here - Здесь будет новый
фонтан.
Will there be your friends there? - Там будут ваши
друзья?
Will there be a manager at the meeting? - Менеджер
будет на собрании?
How many students are there in the auditorium? Сколько студентов в аудитории?
How much water is there in the swimming pool? Сколько воды в бассейне?
There was not a manual in the box - В коробке не было
руководства.
There were not cars in the tunnel - В тоннеле не было
машин.
Причастные обороты в английском языке
Одновременные действия
Последовательные
действия
Залог
Активный залог
Форма причастия
Причастие настоящего
времени (-ing форма)
Пассивный залог
Причастие прошедшего
времени (третья форма
глагола)
Активный залог
Перфектное причастие
(having + третья форма
глагола)
Пассивный залог
Перфектное причастие
(having been + третья
форма глагола)
В Participle Clause нет подлежащего. Подлежащее главного
предложения также является подлежащим Participle Clause;
полная форма глагола заменяется причастием.
При этом нужно уделять особое внимание тому, когда
происходит действие в предложении — в то же время, что и в
главном или перед ним, а также на залог глагола – активный или
пассивный.
Holding his hand, she led him through the crowd.
Держа его за руку, она провела его сквозь толпу.
Seeing her on the other side of the road, I quickly tried to hide.
Увидев её через дорогу, я сразу скрылся.
Turning on his computer, he started work.
Включив компьютер, он начал работу.
Being happy with my results, I decided to go out and celebrate.
Счастливый от результатов, я решил погулять и
отметить это.
While crossing the street, he heard somebody call out to him
Переходя улицу, он услышал, как кто-то позвал его.
Knowing the subject well, the student was not afraid of the coming
exam
Зная предмет хорошо, студент не боялся предстоящего
экзамена.
Having a lot of time before the beginning of the performance, they
decided to walk to the theatre. Имея много свободного времени
до начала представления, они решили пойти в театр пешком.
Not knowing the language, he could not understand the
conversation.
Не зная языка, он не мог понять беседы.
Having washed the dishes, she noticed two dirty ones.
Having heard this story before, she did not want to listen.
Having been given the second chance twice, he could not fail.
APPLIED FIELDS OF ECONOMICS
There is a basic theory and facts in economics, in which all economists
are interested. However, economics has some main applied fields that
deal with specific topics, such as industrial economics, agricultural
economics, economics of energy, economics of education, labour
economics, etc.
Industrial organization and structure are studied by industrial economics
which also analyzes markets for manufactured goods as well as policies
of various enterprises. The degree of concentration and barriers against
new competitors in the market have already been analyzed by industrial
economics for such important branches of economy as mining, gas, and
oil industries, etc. The behaviour of firms and companies in an industry
is influenced by the structure of the industry. Both profits and losses in
any industry are affected by the behaviour of firms and companies
engaged in the industry.
The economics of energy is known as another important field of
applied economics closely connected with industrial economics. A
lot of energy has been used by the modern economy in recent
decades. Farms, factories, plants, transportation as well as families
have greatly increased the consumption of various sources of
energy since new modern equipment and technologies were
introduced.