chapter
16
Outdoor
and
Adventure
Recreation
Introduction
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Statistics on Outdoor Usage
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Definitions
• Outdoor recreation.
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• Nature-based tourism.
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(continued)
Definitions (continued)
• Ecotourism.
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• Environmental interpretation.
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• Adventure recreation.
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(continued)
Definitions (continued)
• Adventure tourism.
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• Adventure programming.
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• Experiential education.
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Meaning of Nature
and Special Places
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History of Outdoor Recreation
in North America (1500–1890)
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History of Outdoor Recreation
in North America (1890–Present)
• By 1900, a growing urban population began to
perceive and mourn the loss of what once was the
infinite North American frontier.
• The following occurred early in the 20th century:
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• In the late 1920s more visitors traveled to national
parks by automobile than by train. The accessibility
of the automobile led to the first “golden age of
tourism” in North America.
(continued)
History of Outdoor Recreation
in North America (1890–Present)
(continued)
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(continued)
History of Outdoor Recreation
in North America (1890–Present)
(continued)
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Outdoor Recreation Demand
• Historical social forces:
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• Contemporary trends and lifestyles:
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• Economic behavior:
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• Technology:
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Outdoor Recreation Participation
and Trends in the United States
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Outdoor Recreation Participation
and Trends in Canada
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Outdoor Recreation Demand:
A Social Psychological Phenomenon
1. Demand for experiences:
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2. Human–environment interaction:
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3. Role of socialization and experience:
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Outdoor Recreation
Providers and Careers
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Outdoor Recreation Resources
• Parks, wilderness, and preserves:
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• Forests, grasslands, deserts, and wetlands:
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• Water-based resources:
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U.S. Federal Land Agencies
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Canadian and U.S. Land Agencies
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• Nonprofit organizations:
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Adventure Programming
and Experiential Education
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Outdoor Leadership
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Outdoor Adventure Associations
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Challenges and Trends for the Future
• Challenges:
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• Trends:
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Discussion:
Subject: Cronon
American historian William Cronon argued
that “nature is a human idea, with a long
and complicated cultural history which has
led different human beings to conceive of
the natural world in very different ways.”
•
What is the intent and significance of this quote?