Anatomy
Movements
Quiz at the end for those who
need to take it
Types of Actions
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Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Pronation
Supination
Circumduction
Protraction
Retraction
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Opposition
Elevation
Depression
Lateral bending
Rotation
Inversion
Eversion
Hyperextension
Plantar/dorsal
flexion
Directional Terms continued
• Internal (central)
– Toward or in interior
• Ipsilateral
• External (peripheral)
– Toward or on exterior
– On same side of body • Contralateral
– On opposite side of body
Basic Joint
Actions
• Flexion
– Making a
decrease in
angle
• Extension
– Making an
increase in
angle
Basic Joint Actions
• Abduction (ABD)
– Moving away from
midline of the body
– To “take away”
• Adduction (ADD)
– Moving towards the
midline of body
– To “add”
Shoulder
Hip
Finger
Basic Joint Actions
• Supination
– Rotating hand/forearm
laterally
– “hold the soup”
• Pronation
– Rotating hand/forearm
medially
– “pour the soup”
Basic Joint Actions
• Plantarflexion
– Point toes/foot
downward
– “stand on tip toes”
• Dorsiflexion
– Point toes/foot upward
– “foot off the gas
pedal”
Basic Joint Actions
• Inversion
– Movement of sole of
foot inward
• Eversion
– Movement of sole of
foot outward
Basic Joint Actions
• Medial (Internal)
Rotation
– Anterior surface moves
toward midline
• Lateral (External)
Rotation
– Anterior surface moves
away from midline
Basic Joint Actions
• Protraction
– Moving forward on
plane parallel to
ground
– “punch”
• Retraction
– Moving backward on
plane parallel to
ground
– “start lawn mower”
Basic Joint Actions
• Upward Rotation
– Inferior angle
• Downward Rotation
• Elevation
– To move upwards
• Depression
– To move downwards
Basic Joint Actions
• Radial Deviation (ABD)
– Move wrist outwards or
away from midline of
body
– Deviate towards radius
• Ulnar Deviation (ADD)
– Move wrist inwards or
towards the midline of
body
– Deviate towards ulna
Ulna
Radius
Basic Joint Actions
• Circumduction
– Latin meaning
“around”
– Combination of
flexion/extension and
abduction/adduction
• Movements are in Sagittal Plane
– Flexion
– Extension
– Hyperextension
– Plantarflexion
– Dorsiflexion
• Movements are in Frontal Plane
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Abduction
Adduction
Ulnar deviation
Radial deviation
Inversion
Eversion
Upward rotation
Downward rotation
Lateral flexion
• Movements are in Transverse Plane
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Internal rotation
External rotation
Pronation
Supination
Horizontal abduction
Horizontal adduction
Trunk Rotation