EDCI 866
Class Two
AGENDA
Opening comments, announcements, and questions
Historical Roots of Higher Education
Social Constructs and The Big Questions
EDCI 866 PARADIGMS IN
HIGHER EDUCATION
Insight will also be gained by exploring the historical roots
of higher education, the evolutionary changes that have
taken place and future trends in curriculum for
universities and colleges, the curriculum of higher
education, the examination of curriculum models that
currently exist in higher education, the origins of
educational research, teaching the adult learner, and the
study of the teaching environment at the university level
through the exploration and examination of higher
education pedagogical models.
EDCI 866, Class Two
Wofford
WORLD’S FIRST UNIVERSITIES
•
TakshaShila
Nalanda
Al Qarawiyyin
Timbuktu, Sankore
University of Bologna (Italy,
Founded 1088)
University of Paris (France,
Founded 1150)
University of Oxford
(England, Founded 1167)
The word university is derived
from the Latin universitas
magistrorum et scholarium,
roughly meaning "community of
teachers and scholars.” Middle
English universite, from AngloFrench université, from Medieval
Latin universitat-,universitas,
from Latin universus. First
Known Use: 14th century.
University. (n.d.). Retrieved June 2, 2017, from
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/university
WORLD’S FIRST
UNIVERSITIES
University of Cambridge (England, Founded 1209)
University of Salamanca (Spain, Founded 1218)
University of Padua (Italy, Founded 1222)
University of Naples Federico II (Italy, Founded 1224)
University of Toulouse (France, Founded 1229
University of Siena (Italy, Founded 1240)
University of Valladolid (Spain, Founded 1241)
U.S. COLLEGES IN THE COLONIAL ERA
The Nine: Harvard, William and Mary, Yale, Princeton,
University of Pennsylvania, Columbia, Brown, Rutgers, and
Dartmouth
THE NINE
THE “GLORIOUS PAST”
Echoes of England and Anglophilia as a critical lens
(7)
Governance & Structure (11) - the Collegiate Way
Oxford, Cambridge, and University Residence
GOVERNANCE &
STRUCTURE
Oxford & Cambridge “associations of faculty”
Scottish model of boards and presidents
Academic vs. administrative governance
Student Affairs, uniquely American, established by
19th century
UNIQUELY US
Founding documents and Education
James Madison and the 10th
Paradigms, then, about:
Public vs. Private
Religious vs. Secular
Citizenship vs. Liberties
THE CURRICULUM
Who decides what to teach?
Rote learning, oral recitation, and rhetoric
Humanities, sciences, law, and medicine
Degree completion vs Learning
3
Conflicting Views of
Higher Education’s Role
Creators Of Mass
Workforce Talent
And The Engine Of
Economic Renewal
American
policy leaders
(The National
Academies, 2012)
Innovative Researchers
& Knowledge
Producers, True To
Mission & Core Values
of Teaching, Learning &
Research
Public research
universities
(AAUP, 1990;
AGBU, 2011)
CULTURE & CLIMATE
Campus life and student-faculty relations
Colonies’ relationship with England
Social classes and social order
Christian gentleman vs. gentleman scholar
THE CURRICULUM
Religious revivalism & founding fathers
Dissent, favoritism, and factions
Myth vs. reality of founding of America
Student diversity & external relations
OUTSIDE THE LENS
New Spain contrasted to New England
Native American schooling
African slaves education in America and role in
building education for others in America
Women’s education and Dame schools
EDEL 601 Introduction to Higher Education Week Two
MOTTOES AND
ASPIRATIONS
•
Cottage Industry
A Nation without Nationalism
Charters and Changes
Historical Memory & Institutional Anniversaries
Institution-Building in the South
Variety of Institutions & Innovations
CONSUMERISM AND THE
COLLEGES
Ethics fundamentals:
How shall we live well together?
What is good?
What is right?
•
Consideration of societal needs; useful and modern
•
Philanthropy, financial aid, and fund-raising
•
Enrollment realities
•
Beyond most families’ financial reach
•
Lost time for seeking one’s fortune
DARTMOUTH CASE:
PUBLIC VS. PRIVATE
Dartmouth College v. Woodward, 1819
Notion of public and private, then and now
Significance to “clear, strong powers of the academic
corporation”
11
Shared
Governance
of Institutional
Performance
Board/Stakeholders
Affordability
Conceptual Framework of Shared Governance of Institutional Performance,
Based on Clark’s Triangle of Coordination (1986).
THE BIG QUESTIONS
•
Identify major factors in higher education that had
major effects on higher education curriculum,
research, and teaching.
•
What were the big questions that led to these factors?
•
What effects evolved from these big questions?
•
Message to my Freshman Students
CLARK KERR
The Uses of the
University
The California Master
Plan for Higher
Education, 1960
CARNEGIE
CLASSIFICATIONS
The Classifications include Title IV eligible, degreegranting colleges and universities in the United States
represented in the National Center for Education
Statistics IPEDS system that conferred degrees in
2013-14.
Basic Classifications
Flowcharts
THE HIGHER
EDUCATION ACT
The Original HEA of 1965
HEA video
HEA Title IV Student Aid
Useful site for HEA Background:
http://www.ncher.us/?page=e0041
THE HIGHER EDUCATION
PARADIGM SHIFT
“Where are all the educators who once warned their
students so correctly about the dangers of paradigm
shifts? Why are they not demanding reform and
accountability within higher education today? Why are
they not restructuring their own courses and curriculum
to make their university degrees more relevant in
today’s job market? Is it possible that they have they
been caught off-guard by their own paradigm shift?”
MARTIN TROW
GROWTH RATES
16
Census Growth and Enrollment Growth 1950-2010
250%
226%
200%
150%
119%
100%
78%
70%
48%46%
50%
15%
19%
47%
41%
13%
11%
29%
18%
15%
14%
13%
11%8% 10%
10%
0%
1940-1950 1950-1960 1960-1970 1970-1980 1980-1990 1990-2000 2000-2010
Census Growth
Total HE Enrollment
Public HE Enrollment
L. DEE FINK
"Significant learning” taxonomy
(1) foundational knowledge,
(2) application,
(3) integration,
(4) human dimension,
(5) caring, and
(6) learning how to learn