Centre for Peace Studies
Master’s in Peace & Conflict Transformation
SVF-3024 Conflict Resolution &
Conflict Transformation
Spring 2011
Course Organisation
Coordinator
Percy Oware, CPS
Lecturers
Ole D. Mjøs – Faculty of Medicine, UiT
Kathleen Jennings – Fafo, Oslo
Vidar Vambheim - Department of Education, UiT
Indra de Soysa – Department of Political Science, NTNU
Tor Ivar Hanstad – Department of Philosophy, UiT
Jemima García-Godos – Norwegian Centre for Human Rights, UiO
Stina Torjesen - Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI), Oslo,
Objectives
The course seeks to provide contemporary insights into the inter-linked economic, political and
social dimensions of violent conflicts and peace-building. Its argument is that students should not
only develop practical knowledge of the strategies for conflict management, resolution and
transformation, but also the relevant analytical skills needed for critiquing these strategies. This
suggests the ability to draw on relevant theories to examine efforts at building sustainable peace
and human development in war torn societies. It thus draws upon many important case studies
from diverse conflict settings to demonstrate where strategies have been pursued and the specific
conditions that have influenced their outcomes.
Content
I. Violent Conflict and Negotiation
Just War Theory – Premises and Challenges
(01) The space for moral reasoning about war
(02) War and justice: ‘Jus ad bellum’& ‘Jus in bello’
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(03) Contemporary applications and challenges – responsibility to protect, cosmopolitan
strategies and asymmetric war
Warfare and Economic Activities: The Social Order of Insurgencies
(04) Economic approaches to violent conflict
(05) The resource curse: how can wealth make you poor and insecure?
(06) State capacity and rebel financing
II. The Pursuit of Peace: Strategies and Institutional Dynamics
Peace building: key concepts and perspectives
(07) Peace processes and their contexts: understanding the agendas, agencies and
instruments of peace building
(08) Peace process: Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (DDR) – the creation
of a peace-building blueprint
(09) Peace process: Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (DDR) of fighters in
Afghanistan
Gender, Conflict and Peace-building
(10) Introduction: Gender in armed conflict and peacekeeping
(11) Gender and DDR programs
(12) Sex trafficking, sexual exploitation, and post-conflict political economies
Peace Education
(13) Perspectives on peace education
(14) Peace education and context
(15) Evaluating effects of peace education
Transitional justice after conflict and authoritarianism
(16) Introduction to Transitional Justice
(17) Truth and Reconciliation Commissions and reparation
(18) Land restitution in Transitional Justice
Required Readings
Course texts
(Available for purchase from the University bookshop, Akademisk Kvarter)
* Walzer, Michael (2000) Just and Unjust Wars: A Moral Argument with Historical Illustrations,
New York: Basic Books
* Also used as course text for SVF 3021: Integrated Peace Studies
Recommended Readings
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Course texts
Berdal, Mats (2009) Building Peace after War. London: The International Institute for
Strategic Studies
Berdal, Mats and David M. Malone (ed.)(2000) Greed & grievance: economic agendas in civil
wars. Boulder: Lynn Rienner Publishers
Binford, Leigh (1996) The El Mozote Massacre: Anthropology and Human Rights. Tucson:
University of Arizona Press
Conteh-Morgan, Earl (2004) Collective political violence: an introduction to the theories and
cases of violent conflicts. London: Routledge
Deutsch, Morton and Peter Coleman (ed.)(2006) The Handbook of Conflict Resolution: Theory
and Practice. San Francisco: Jossey Bass
Del Castillo, Graciana (2008) Rebuilding War-torn States: The Challenge of Post Conflict
Economic Reconstruction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Eron, Leonard, Jacqelyn Gentry and Peggy Schlegel (2002) Reasons to hope. A psychological
perspective on youth violence. Washington DC: American Psychological Association
Juergensmeyer, Mark (2005) Gandhi’s Way: A Handbook of Conflict Resolution. Berkeley:
University of California Press
Keen, David (2008) Complex emergencies. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Keen, David (2005) The Economic Functions of Violence in Civil Wars. London: Routledge.
Koonings, Kees and Dirk Kruijt (ed.)(2004) Armed Actors: Organised violence and State Failure
in Latin America. London: Zed Books
Martín-Baró, Ignacio (1994) Writings for a Liberation Psychology. Cambridge: Harvard
University Press
Miall, Hugh (2007) Emergent Conflict and Peaceful Social Change. London: Palgrave
Pugh, Michael (2008) Whose Peace? Critical Perspectives on the Political Economy of
Peacebuilding. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan
Skaar, Elin, Siri Gloppen and Astri Suhrke (ed.)(2005) Roads to Reconciliation. Oxford:
Lexington Books
Staub, Erving (1992) The Roots of Evil. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Walzer, Michael (2004) Arguing About War. New Haven & London: Yale University Press
Wessells, Michael (2007) Child soldiers: from violence to protection. Cambridge: Harvard
University Press
Course packages and downloads
Those readings not taken from course texts (see above) are available through the following
sources: (i) in a course package, which can also be purchased from Akademisk Kvarter; (ii) by
direct download from the web; and (iii) as an offprint provided to students in class. Those
readings not taken from the course texts listed above are thus marked as one of the following
under ‘Class Plan’:
Compendium – all readings marked *C*
Internet articles – all readings marked *E1, 2, 3, etc.*
Individual off prints – all readings marked *O*
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I. Violent Conflict and Negotiation
This section focuses on the changing political role and practices for handling conflict at different
levels and in different contexts. Much of the literature chronicles the different ways in which
violence and/or oppression are institutionalised and, in so doing, draws attention to some key
impediments to the institutionalisation of peace. It also points to concrete strategies of handling
conflicts through communication and negotiation.
Just War Theory – Premises and Challenges
(01) The space for moral reasoning about war
- Hanstad
The first lecture focuses on the fundamental premise for just war theory, including the acceptance
of the thesis of double effect, the premise of state sovereignty and the inescapable influence from
both pacifism and political realism. The lecture will also address the question of how to
understand war in relation to politics and power.
Required Readings
Walzer, Michael (2000) ‘Against Realism’ and ‘Law and Order in International Society’ in Just
and Unjust Wars: A Moral Argument with Historical Illustration. New York: Basic
Books. pp. 3-20, , pp. 51-73 (41 pp.)
*C* Clausewitz, Carl von (1993) ‘What Is War?’ in On War. London: Everyman’s Library.
pp. 83-101 (18 pp.)
*E1* Reid, Julian (2003) ‘Foucault on Clausewitz: Conceptualizing the Relationship between
War and Power’ in Alternatives 28. 1-28 (28 pp.).
Recommended Readings
Walzer, Michael (2000) ‘The Crime of War’, ‘Anticipations’ and ‘Afterword: Nonviolence and
the Theory of War’ in Just and Unjust Wars: A Moral Argument with Historical
Illustration. New York: Basic Books. pp. 21-33, pp. 51-85 and pp. 329-335 (55 pp.)
Walzer, Michael (2004) ‘The Triumph of Just War Theory (And the Dangers of success)’ in
Arguing About War. New Haven & London: Yale University Press. pp. 3-22 (20 pp.)
(02) War and justice: ‘Jus ad bellum’& ‘Jus in bello’
-Hanstad
The second lecture will focus on the traditional criteria for jus ad bellum and jus in bello. This
will include discussions of what jus ad bellum and jus in bello in traditional state versus state
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http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/results?vid=2&hid=11&sid=709d876a-caf5-46cf-abe3074b93afb0d3%40sessionmgr11&bquery=(JN+%22Alternatives%3a+Global%2c+Local%2c+Political%22+and+D
T+20030101)&bdata=JmRiPWFmaCZ0eXBlPTEmc2l0ZT1laG9zdC1saXZl
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wars, as well as reflections on whether the same criteria are adaptable to late-modern asymmetric
conflicts (including ‘war’ on terrorists).
Required Readings
Walzer, Michael (2000) ‘War’s Means and the Importance of Fighting Well’‘Non-combatant
Immunity and Military Necessity’‘Guerrilla War’ and ‘Terrorism’ in Just and Unjust
Wars: A Moral Argument with Historical Illustrations. New York: Basic Books. pp. 127159 and 176-206 (64 pp.)
*C* Johnson, James Turner (1999) Morality and Contemporary Warfare. London: Yale
University Press. pp. 8-40, (33 pp.)
Recommended Readings
Rodin, David (2006) ‘The Ethics of Asymmetric War’ in Sorabji, Richard and David Rodin (ed.)
The Ethics of War. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing. pp. 153-168 (16 pp.)
(03) Contemporary applications and challenges – responsibility to protect, cosmopolitan
strategies and asymmetric war
-Hanstad
The lecture will present some important contemporary issues that can be seen as a challenge to
traditional just war theory. These challenges include phenomena/concepts such as ‘humanitarian
interventions,’ ‘Human Security’ and ‘asymmetric warfare.’ The basis for the presentation will be
the report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, Responsibility
to Protect.
Required Readings
*E2* The International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (2001) The
Responsibility to Protect. Ch. 1-5, pp. 1-46 (46 pp.)
*C* Atack, Iain (2005) ‘Cosmopolitanism and Armed Conflict’ in The Ethics of Peace and War.
Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 40-60 (21 pp.)
Recommended Readings
Walzer, Michael (2000) ‘Interventions’ and ‘Supreme Emergency’ in Just and Unjust Wars: A
Moral Argument with Historical Illustrations. New York: Basic Books. pp. 86-108 and
251-268 (41 pp.)
Warfare and Economic Activities: The Social Order of Insurgencies
- de Soysa
In these three lectures, the focus will be on diverse economic practices during war. Rather than
solely examining the causes of conflict, the aim is to provide insights into the varying economic
issues shaping conflicts in time and space; how wars are sustained, from the ways in which
collective grievances are mobilised for individual economic gains, natural resource abuse, to
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http://www.responsibilitytoprotect.org/index.php/publications/core-rtop-documents
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livelihood adaptations in war afflicted communities. The main emphasis is on how non-state
actors (such as rebel groups, militias, and warlords) finance their activities and establish specific
forms of socio-economic systems in conflict situations, as well as how other social actors (e.g.
children and women) affect and are affected by shadow war economies.
Besides the case studies in the reading list, which focus mostly on sub-Saharan Africa, students
are encouraged to find supplementary materials on conflicts in other geographical areas.
(04) Economic approaches to violent conflict
Required Readings
*E3* Collier, Paul, Anke Hoeffler and Dominic Rohner (2009) ‘Beyond Greed and Grievance:
Feasibility and Civil War’ in Oxford Economic Papers 61(1). pp. 1-27 (27 pp.)
*E4* De Soysa, Indra (2002) ‘Paradise is a Bazaar? Greed, Creed, and Governance in Civil War,
1989-1999’ in Journal of Peace Research 39. pp. 395-416 (20 pp.)
*O* De Soysa, Indra (2009) ‘Hell is Other People? Social Fractionalization & and State
Repression, 1980-2004’ in Politischevierteljahresschrift 43. pp. 100-127 (27 pp.)
*E5* Fearon, James and David Laitin (2003) ‘Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War’ in American
Political Science Review 97(1). pp. 1-16 (15 pp.)
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*E * Homer-Dixon, Thomas (1994) ‘Environmental Scarcities and Violent Conflict: Evidence
from Cases’ in International Security 19(1). pp. 5–40 (35 pp.)
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*E * Ross, Michael (2004) ‘How do Natural Resources Influence Civil War? Evidence From
Case Studies’ in International Organization 58(1). pp. 35-67 (32 pp.)
Recommended Readings
Berdal, Mats, David M. Malone (ed.) (2000) Greed & grievance: economic agendas in civil
wars. Boulder: Lynn Rienner Publishers
Keen, David (2005) The Economic Functions of Violence in Civil Wars. London: Routledge.
Le Billion, Philippe (2001) ‘The political ecology of war: natural resources and armed conflicts’
in Political Geography 20. pp. 561-584
Le Billion, Philippe (2001) ‘Angola’s economy of war: the role of oil and diamond, 1975-2000’
in African Affairs 100. pp. 55-80
(05) The resource curse: how can wealth make you poor and insecure?
- de Soysa
The next step is to look into the empirical facts of economic activities during conflict in more
detail. As a preparation for the second lecture, students are encouraged to find information about
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http://oep.oxfordjournals.org/content/vol61/issue1/index.dtl
http://jpr.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/39/4/395.pdf
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http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=142718&jid=PSR&volumeId=97&issueId=01&ai
d=142717
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http://www.jstor.org/stable/2539147
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http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=197306&jid=&volumeId=&issueId=&aid=197304
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economic activities under specific conflicts. They might, for example, think about how certain
economic activities were organized during the conflicts in the Balkans or during other conflicts,
which they are more familiar with.
(06) State capacity and rebel financing
- de Soysa
The concluding section entails a review of alternative theoretical perspectives on how to
understand and analyse conflict dynamics. It concludes with a discussion of the potential
implications of conflicts and policy approaches to address them.
II. The Pursuit of Peace: Strategies and Institutional Dynamics
Peace building: key concepts and perspectives
- Torjesen
These lecture series provide students with insights into international agencies and instruments
deployed when outsiders attempt to build peace in war-torn countries. They also aim to provide
an in-depth understanding of one of the key strategies within contemporary peace-building,
namely, Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (DDR).
Students are expected to grasp and critically assess key concepts associated with peace-building.
They are also expected to gain an overview of the history and the current use of the DDR
concept. Moreover, they are invited to critically reflect upon the aspirations to social engineering
that underpin this concept and assess strengths and weaknesses of DDR in particular country
cases.
(07) Peace processes and their contexts: understanding the agendas, agencies and instruments of
peace building
Required Readings
*E8*ACCORD (2007) ‘Introduction’ in Conflict Management for Peacekeepers and
Peace-builder. pp. 11-25 (14 pp.)
*C* Paris, Roland and Timothy Sisk (2009) The Dilemmas of State-building: Confronting the
Contradictions of Post-war peace operations. London: Routledge. pp. 1-21 (21 pp.)
*C* Duffield, Mark (2007) Development, security and unending war governing the world of
peoples. Cambridge: Polity Press pp. 111- 159 (48 pp.)
Recommended reading
Berdal, Mats (2009) Building peace after war. London: Routledge
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http://www.accord.org.za/downloads/book/cm_handbook_sample.pdf
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Paris, Roland (2009) ‘Understanding the “coordination problem” in post-war state building’ in
Roland Paris and Timothy Sisk The Dilemmas of State-building: Confronting the
Contradictions of Post-war peace operations. London: Routledge
Pugh, Michael (2008) Whose Peace? Critical Perspectives on the Political Economy of
Peace-building. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan
(08) Peace Process: Disarmament, Demobilisation and reintegration (DDR) – the creation of a
peace building blueprint
Required Readings
*C* Muggah, Robert (2008) ‘Introduction: The Emperor’s Clothes?’ in Robert Muggah (ed.)
Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction Dealing with Fighters in the Aftermath of War.
London: Routledge
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*E * Torjesen, Stina and Tatjana Stankovic (2010) Fresh Insights on Disarmament,
Demobilization and Reintegration: A Survey for Practitioners NUPI report
Recommended Readings
Pouligny, Béatrice, (2004) The Politics and Anti-Politics of Contemporary Disarmament,
Demobilization and Reintegration Program Paris: Center for International Studies and
Research (CERI - Sciences-Po/CNRS, France), Secrétariat Général de la Défense
Nationale (Prime Minister’s Office, France) and Programme for Strategic and
International Security Studies (Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva).
*E10* United Nations (2006) Briefing Note for Senior Managers on the Integrated Disarmament,
Demobilization and Reintegration Standards. New York: UN InterAgency Working
Group on Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration.
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*E * Stedman, Stephen J. (1997) ‘Spoiler problems in peace processes’ in International
Security, 22 (2). pp. 5- 53 (48 pp.)
(09) Peace process: Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (DDR) of fighters in
Afghanistan (with additional references to Tajikistan and Liberia)
- Torjesen
Required Readings
*C* Bhatia, Michael and Muggah, Robert (2008) ‘The politics of demobilization
in Afghanistan’ in Muggah, Robert (ed.) Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction
Dealing with Fighters in the Aftermath of War. London: Routledge
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*E * Giustozzi, Antonio (2008) ‘Bureaucratic façade and political realities of disarmament and
demobilisation in Afghanistan’ in Conflict, Security and Development 8(2). pp. 169-192
(23 pp.)
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http://english.nupi.no/Publications/Books-and-reports/2010/Fresh-Insights-on-DisarmamentDemobilization-and-Reintegration
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http://unddr.org/iddrs/briefing_note.php
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http://www.jstor.org/stable/2539366
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http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a792963176
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Recommended Readings
Dipali, Mukhopadhyay (2009) Warlords as Bureaucrats: The Afghan Experience.
Carnegie Paper.
Jennings, Kathleen (2008) ‘Unclear ends, unclear means: Reintegration in postwar societies –
The Case of Liberia’ in Global Governance 14 (3). pp. 327-345 (18 pp.)
Jennings, Kathleen (2007) ‘The Struggle to Satisfy: DDR Through the Eyes of Ex-Combatants in
Liberia”, International Peacekeeping 14(2). pp. 1-15 (15 pp.)
Torjesen, Stina, Neil MacFarlane (2007) ‘R before D: the case of post conflict reintegration in
Tajikistan’ in Conflict, Security and Development 7(2). pp. 311-332 (21 pp.)
Gender, Conflict and Peace-building
In this section, the field of gender studies will be introduced and then related to the subject matter
of peace studies. Gender is presented as a dimension to highlight the differential impacts of
conflicts on men and women, and how their respective gendered needs are addressed in
subsequent periods of peace and post-war reconstruction. What do gender and the relationships
between men and women in society bring to peace studies?
(10) Introduction: Gender in armed conflict and peacekeeping
–Jennings
Required Readings
*C* Turshen, Meredith (1998) ‘Women’s War Stories’ in Turshen, Meredith and Clotilde
Twagiramariya (ed) What Women Do in Wartime London: Zed Books. pp. 1-26 (26 pp.)
*C* Pankhurst, Donna (2008) ‘The Gendered Impact of Peace’ in Pugh, Michael, Neil Cooper
and Mandy Turner (ed) Whose Peace? Critical Perspectives on the Political Economy of
Peacebuilding. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan. pp. 30-46 (16 pp.)
*C* Whitworth, Sandra (2004) ‘Militarized Masculinities and Blue Berets’ in Whitworth, Sandra
(ed.) Men, Militarism, and UN Peacekeeping: A Gendered Analysis. Boulder: Lynne
Rienner. pp. 151-182 (31 pp.)
(11) Gender and DDR programs
–Jennings
Required Readings
MacKenzie, Megan (2009) ‘Securitization and Desecuritization: Female Soldiers and the
Reconstruction of Women in Post-Conflict Sierra Leone’ Security Studies 18(2). pp. 241261 (20 pp.)
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*E * Integrated DDR Standards (2006) Section 5.10 Women, Gender, and DDR. pp. 1-22 (22
pp.)
(12) Sex trafficking, sexual exploitation, and post-conflict political economies
–Jennings
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http://unddr.org/iddrs/05/
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Required Readings
*E14* Jennings, Kathleen and Vesna Nikolic-Ristanovic (2009) UN Peacekeeping Economies
and Local Sex Industries: Connections and Implications MICROCON Working Paper 17,
Brighton: MICROCON.
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*E * Higate, Paul (2007) ‘Peacekeepers, Masculinities, and Sexual Exploitation’ in Men and
Masculinities, 10(1). pp. 99-119 (20 pp.)
Recommended Readings:
Afshar, Haleh and Deborah Eade (2004) ‘Development, Women, and War’ in Feminist
Perspectives. Oxford: Oxfam
Coulter, Chris, Persson, Mariam and Utas, Mats (2008) “Young Female Fighters in African
Wars: Conflicts and its Consequences”, Policy Dialogue No. 3, The Nordic Africa
Institute.
Pugh, Michael, Neil Cooper and Mandy Turner (2008) Whose Peace? Critical Perspectives on
the Political Economy of Peacebuilding. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan
Turshen, Meredeth and Sheila Meintjes (2002) The Aftermath: women in post-conflict
transformation. London: Zed Books
Peace Education
These lectures present contending epistemologies, discursive negotiations of violence and efforts
at peace-building. They present knowledge as a terrain on which violence is both legitimised and
challenged, and where peace is both conceived and instantiated. The character and challenges of
such epistemic peace-work are further explored through the consideration of education and art as
vehicles for the pursuit of peace.
(13) Background & perspectives: Trial(s) & error(s), success(es) & refutation(s).
(14) Educational interventions and context.
(15) Evaluating effects of educational interventions.
- Vambheim
Required Readings
*E16* Ali, Nosheen (2010) ‘Books vs Bombs? Humanitarian development and the narrative of
terror in Nortehern Pakistan’ in Third World Quaterly 31(4) Informaworld/
Taylor and Francis. pp. 541-559 (19 pp).
*E17* Evans, William (1997) ‘Identifying with the human species: A challenge for the 21st
century’, in Human Relations. 50(8) pp. 987-1004 (18p.).
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http://www.microconflict.eu/publications/RWP17_KJ_VNR.pdf
http://jmm.sagepub.com/content/10/1/99.full.pdf+html
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01436591003701075
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http://hum.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/50/8/987
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*E18* Harris, Ian (2004) ‘Peace Education Theory’ in Journal of Peace Education. 1(1) pp. 5-20
(15 pp.).
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*E * Köylü, Mustafa (2004) ‘Peace Education: An Islamic approach’ in Journal of Peace
Education. 1(1) Taylor and Francis. pp.59-76 (18p).
*C* Nevo, Baruch and Iris Brem (2002) ‘Peace Education Programs and the Evaluation of their
Effectiveness’ in Salomon, Gavriel and Baruch Nevo (ed.) Peace Education. The
Concept, Principles, and Practices around the World. Mahwah. New Jersey: Lawrence
Erlbaum Ass. pp. 271-282 (11 pp.).
*C* Salomon, Gavriel (2002) ‘The Nature of Peace Education: Not All Programs are Created
Equal’ in Salomon, Gavriel and Baruch Nevo (ed.) Peace Education: The Concept,
Principles and Practices around the World. Mahwah. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum
Ass. pp. 3-14, (web version) (12 pp.).
*E20* Salomon, Gavriel (2006) ‘Does peace education really make a difference? ’in Peace and
Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology 12 (1). pp. 37-48 (pp. 11).
*E21* Sommerfelt, Ole Henning and Vidar Vambheim (2008) ‘The Dream of the Good – a Peace
Education Project Exploring the Potential to Educate for Peace at an Individual Level’ in
Journal of Peace Education 5(1) (26 pp.)
*C* Tal-Or, Nurit, David Boninger and Faith Gleicher (2002) ‘Understanding the conditions and
processes necessary for intergroup contact and reduced prejudice’ in Salomon, Gavriel &
Baruch Nevo (ed.) Peace Education: The Concept, principles and practices around the
world. New Jersey: LEA. pp. 89-108 (19 pp.).
Recommended Readings
Ahonen, Sirkka (1999) ‘The Role of Narratives in the Making of Historical Identity’ Paper
presented at the 8th European Conference for Research on Learning and Instruction,
Göteborg University (10 pp.)
Bar-Tal, Daniel (2004) ‘Nature, Rationale, and Effectiveness of Education for Coexistence’
in Journal of Social Issues 60 (2). pp. 253-271 (19 pp.)
*C3009*22 Bernstein, Basil (1994) ‘The Pedagogising of Knowledge: A social grammar’, in
Amundsen, Inge (ed.) Knowledge and Development. Proceedings of the NFU Annual
Conference. Tromsø: Centre for Environment and Development Studies (SEMUT). pp.
115-139 (25 pp.).
Cairns, Ed and Miles Hewstone (2002) ‘Northern Ireland: The Impact of Peacemaking in
Northern Ireland on Intergroup Relations’ in Salomon, Gavriel and Baruch Nevo (ed.)
Peace Education: The Concept, Principles and Practices around the World. New Jersey:
Lawrence Earlbaum Ass. pp. 217-228 (11 pp.)
Freire, P. (2000) The Pedagogy of the Oppressed. New York: Continuum & al.
Selected chapters.
Mortenson, Greg and David Oliver Relin (2007) Three Cups of Tea. One Man’s Mission to
Promote Peace - One school at a time. New York: Penguin.
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http://www.leaonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1207/s15327949pac1201_3
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http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a790564066
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*C3009*: Printed in Course Compendium for Ped 3009: Education, Development, and Peace.
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Nadmie, Rouhana and Daniel Bar-Tal (1998) ‘Psychological Dynamics of Intractable
Ethnonational Conflicts. The Israeli-Palestinian Case’ in American Psychologist 53
(7). pp. 761-770 (web version) (10 pp.)
Salomon, Gavriel (2006) ‘Does peace education really make a difference?’ in Peace and
Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology 12(1). pp. 37-48 (11 pp).
Salomon, Gavriel (2004) ‘A Narrative-based View of Coexistence Education’ in Journal of
Social Issues 60(2), pp. 273-287, (web version) (15 pp).
Schwebel, Milton (2006) ‘Realistic empathy and active nonviolence confront political
reality’in Journal of Social Issues 62 (1). pp. 191-208 (17 pp).
The Truth and Reconciliation Commission in Peru (web version)
UNESCO’s definition of peace education, (web version) (1 p).
Transitional justice after conflict and authoritarianism
Post-conflict societies face many challenges, not only concerning the present and the future, but
also the past. The three lectures on transitional justice will discuss the different ways that
countries coming out of armed conflict and authoritarian rule address their violent pasts. Does
peace need justice and accountability to be sustainable? How to ensure accountability in postconflict societies? What mechanisms can be applied and what do they imply? The lectures aim to
provide students with a basic understanding of different transitional justice mechanisms, what
considerations to take when opting for their implementation, and why they are important. The
issue of land restitution as a form of victim reparations will also be addressed.
(16) Introduction to Transitional Justice
- García-Godos
Required Readings
*C* De Greiff, Pablo (2009) ‘Articulating the links between transitional justice and development:
Justice and social integration’ in De Greiff, Pablo and Roger Duthie (ed.) Transitional
justice and development: Making connections. New York: Social Science Research
Council. pp 28-75 (47 pp.)
*C* Elster, Jon (2004) ‘The structure of transitional justice’ in Closing the Books. Transitional
Justice in Historical Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 79-135 (56
pp.)
Recommended Readings
Barahona de Brito, Alexandra, Carmen Gonzalez Enriquez and Paloma Aguilar (ed.) (2001)
‘Introduction’ in The Politics of Memory: Transitional Justice in Democratizing Societies.
Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 1-39 (39 pp.)
Pantuliano, Sara (2009) Unchartered Territory: Land, Conflict and Humanitarian Action.
London: Overseas Development Institute.
Sherman, Lawrence and Heather Strang (2007) Restorative Justice: The Evidence. London: The
Smith Institute. pp. 1-96 (96 pp.)
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Skaar, Elin, Siri Gloppen and Astri Suhrke (ed.)(2005) Roads to Reconciliation. New York,
Toronto, Oxford: Lexington Books
Teitel, Ruti G. (2000) Chapter 7: Toward a theory of transitional justice, and Epilogue
Transitional Justice. London: Oxford University Press. pp. 213-230 (17 pp.)
Wilson, Richard (2001) The Politics of Truth and Reconciliation in South Africa. Legitimizing the
Post-Apartheid State. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Chapter 1: Human rights
and nation-building, pp. 1-30, (29 pp.)
(17) Truth and Reconciliation Commissions and Victim Reparations
- García-Godos
Required Readings
*E23* García-Godos, Jemima (2008) ‘Victim Reparations in Transitional Justice – What is at
Stake and Why’ in Nordic Journal of Human Rights 26(2) pp. 111-130 (19 pp.)
*C* Ross, Fiona (2001) ‘Speech and Silence, Women's testimony in the First Five Weeks of
Public Hearings of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission’ in Das,
Veena, et al. Remaking a World. Violence, Social Suffering and Recovery. Berkeley:
University of California Press. pp. 250 – 280 (30 pp.)
*E24* Shaw, Rosalind (2005) Rethinking Truth and Reconciliation Commissions: Lessons from
Sierra Leone. Washington: United States Institute of Peace (12 pp.)
Recommended Readings
Arriaza, L. and N. Roht-Arriaza (2008) ‘Social Reconstruction as a Local Process’ in
International Journal of Transitional Justice 2(2). pp. 152-172 (20 pp.)
García-Godos, Jemima and Knut Andreas O. Lid (2010) ‘Transitional Justice and Victims’
Rights before the End of a Conflict: The Unusual Case of Colombia’ in Journal of Latin
American Studie,, 42(3). pp. 487-516 (29 pp.)
García-Godos, Jemima (2008) ‘Victim reparations in the Peruvian Truth Commission and the
challenge of historical interpretation.’ in International Journal of Transitional Justice
2(1), pp. 63-82 (19 pp.)
Malan, Jannie (2008) ‘Understanding traditional justice in Africa’ in Francis, David J. (Ed.)
Peace & Conflict in Africa. London: Zed Books. pp.133-147 (14 pp.)
Shelton, Dinah (2005) ‘The UN principles and guidelines on reparations: context and contents’in
De Feyter Koen et al. (ed.) Out of the ashes: reparation for victims of gross and
systematic human rights violations. Antwerpen: Intersentia.
(18) Land restitution in Transitional Justice
- García-Godos
Required readings
*E25* Paglione, Giulia (2008) ‘Individual property restitution: from Deng to Pinheiro - and the
challenges ahead’ in International Journal of Refugee Law, pp 391-412 (21 pp.)
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http://www.idunn.no/ts/ntmr/2008/02/victim_reparations_in_transitional_justice_-_what_is_at_stake_and_why
http://www.usip.org/resources/rethinking-truth-and-reconciliation-commissions-lessons-sierra-leone
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http://ijrl.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/20/3/391
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*E26* Williams, Rodri (2007) ‘The contemporary right to property restitution in the context of
transitional justice’ Occasional Paper Series. New York: International Center for
Transitional Justice.
*C* Langford, Malcolm and Khulekani Moyo (2010) ‘Right, Remedy or Rhetoric? Land
Restitution in International Law’ in Nordic Journal of Human Rights, 28(2) pp.144-177
(33 pp.)
Recommended Readings
Leckie, Scott (2008) ‘United Nations Peace Operations and Housing, Land and Property Rights
in Post-Conflict Settings: From Neglect to Tentative Embrace’ in Leckie, Scott (ed.)
Housing, Land, and Property Rights in Post-Conflict United Nations and Other Peace
Operations: A Comparative Survey and Proposal for Reform. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, pp 3-16.
Bradley, M. (2007). ‘Refugees and the reparations movement: Reflections on some recent
literature’ in Journal of Refugee Studies 20(4), pp.662-668 (6 pp.)
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http://www.ictj.org/static/PropertyRestitution/Rest_Pub_07.pdf
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