Mixtures
Notes
Substances and Mixtures
Page 19
LT - Distinguish between pure substances and mixtures?
All forms of matter can be classified into two groups: pure
substances and mixtures.
A pure substance is one having a homogeneous composition.
There are two types of pure substances: elements and compounds.
An element is matter that is made of only one kind of atom. A
compound is matter that is formed when two or more elements
join (bond) chemically (a chemical reaction). Elements and
compounds cannot be broken down and retain their properties.
A molecule is the smallest unit of a compound that has all the
properties of the compound. The makeup of a molecule is shown in
a chemical formula. A chemical formula uses chemical symbols and
subscripts to identify the number and types of atoms of each
element that make up a compound.
On page 18
Identify whether each of the following are elements or
compounds in the table below.
H
Fe2S
H20
OH
Ca
Na
CH4
Element
NaCl
NaOH
CO2
CO
Compounds
Co
SiO2
Page 21
Elements can combine in different ways to form
either compounds or mixtures. A mixture forms
when two or more substances combine without
joining chemically. They are not bonded together.
Because they are not bonded chemically, the parts
of a mixture retain their own individual identities
and properties and can be separated.
A mixture that is unevenly mixed is called a
heterogeneous mixture. Ex. Trailmix. A mixture
that is mixed evenly is called a homogeneous
mixture. Ex. Kool-Aid
On page 20
Identify whether each of the following are heterogeneous or
homogeneous mixtures in the table below.
Vegetable soup
Chex Mix
coffee
cake batter
chocolate chip cookie
milk
salt water
pizza
spaghetti & meatballs
cereal in milk
taco salad
Heterogeneous Mixture
Homogeneous Mixture
Page 23
A state (phase) of matter is the physical form in which matter exists
(physical property). There are four common states (phases) of matter
: solid, liquid, gas and plasma. Matter often changes state when heat
is added or taken away. (physical change)
Page 23
A state (phase) of matter is the physical form in which matter exists
(physical property). There are four common states (phases) of matter
: solid, liquid, gas and plasma. Matter often changes state when heat
is added or taken away. (physical change)
A solid is a substance with a definite shape and a definite volume.
The particles in a solid are packed closely together and maintain a
rigid form without a container. They vibrate slowly against one
another.
Page 23
A state (phase) of matter is the physical form in which matter exists
(physical property). There are four common states (phases) of matter
: solid, liquid, gas and plasma. Matter often changes state when heat
is added or taken away. (physical change)
A solid is a substance with a definite shape and a definite volume.
The particles in a solid are packed closely together and maintain a
rigid form without a container. They vibrate slowly against one
another.
A liquid is a substance with a definite volume, but not a definite
shape. The particles in a liquid move faster and freely past one
another, but are still close to one another. Liquids take the shape of
the container they are in.
Page 25
A gas is a substance that does not have a definite shape
or a definite volume. Gas particles move very fast and
bounce off of one another. Gases fill the container they
are in.
Page 25
A gas is a substance that does not have a definite shape
or a definite volume. Gas particles move very fast and
bounce off of one another. Gases fill the container they
are in.
A plasma is matter that exists at extremely high
temperatures where the particles are broken apart into
positive and negative charges, move freely at extremely
high speeds with high energy. It has no definite shape or
a definite volume.
On page 22 – entire page
Identify whether each of the following are solids, liquids, gases or plasma
in the table below.
Milk toy car
star
air
sugar salt pepsi oxygen
Solid
hydrogen
water
fluorescent bulb
Liquid
Gas
ice
steam
Plasma
Provide 3 additional examples of each state of matter.
On page 24 – entire page
Compare and contrast the characteristics and the particle position and movement
in the 4 common states of matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
yes
no
no
no
yes
yes
no
no
packed close
together
Looser than solids,
but close
Far apart, spread out
Extremely far apart
vibrate against one
another
Moves a little out of
position, slow, freely
Fast and free
Very fast, when
colliding breaks
apart into + & -
Wood, ice
Water, juice
Steam, hydrogen,
oxygen
lightning, sun, neon
lights, plasma tv,
Northern lights
Shape
(definite yes or no?)
Volume
(definite, yes or no?)
Particle Position
(where are they?)
Particle Movement
(how fast do they move?)
Miscellaneous
On page 24 – entire page
Compare and contrast the characteristics and the particle position and movement
in the 4 common states of matter
Solid
Shape
(definite yes or no?)
Volume
(definite, yes or no?)
Particle Position
(where are they?)
Particle Movement
(how fast do they move?)
Miscellaneous
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
A property describes how matter
looks, feels or interacts with other
matter.
A property describes how matter looks, feels or interacts with other
matter. There are 2 types of properties: physical and chemical
A physical property is anything we can observe without changing the
identity of the substance we are looking at. Common physical
properties are melting point, boiling point, electrical conductivity
(able to carry electrical current), thermal conductivity (ability to
transfer heat). Magnetism, color, odor and hardness.
A chemical property describes the way a substance may change , or
react, to form other substances. Chemical properties describe the
interaction of a substance with other matter. Two common chemical
properties are rusting (iron reacting with oxygen) and flammability
(the ability of a substance to burn in the presence of oxygen)
Page 27
A property describes how matter looks, feels or interacts with other
matter. There are 2 types of properties: physical and chemical
A physical property is anything we can observe without changing the
identity of the substance we are looking at. Common physical
properties are melting point, boiling point, electrical conductivity
(able to carry electrical current), thermal conductivity (ability to
transfer heat). Magnetism, color, odor and hardness.
A chemical property describes the way a substance may change , or
react, to form other substances. Chemical properties describe the
interaction of a substance with other matter. Two common chemical
properties are rusting (iron reacting with oxygen) and flammability
(the ability of a substance to burn in the presence of oxygen)
Silver Tea Set
Baking Soda
Satin Material
Nails
Hair Spray
Physical
Chemical
Shiny
Silver
Hard
Smooth
Able to tarnish
Physical
Chemical
Soft
Silky
Smooth
Shiny
Silver
Wrinkle free
flammable
Physical
Chemical
Gas
Clear
compressible
Flammable
combustible
Physical
Chemical
Solid
White
Powdery
Small particles
Reacts with
vinegar
Physical
Chemical
Silver
Hard
Smooth
Sharp
dense
Able to rust
Physical
Chemical
Liquid
Clear
Scent
Sticky
Flammable
Combustible
under pressure
Page 29
Matter is constantly changing. A physical change may have
occurred if a substance changes color, size, shape, temperature,
or state of matter. Physical changes do not change the identity
of the matter. The matter keeps its same chemical composition.
These changes are oftentimes reversible.
Chemical changes occur when one substance is changed to
become another substance. You cannot reverse chemical
changes. Examples include cooking a raw egg, milk spoiling,
food digesting, metal rusting. To identify a chemical change look
for observable signs such as color change, bubbling and fizzing,
light production, smoke and the presence of heat.