Geographic Information Systems
Other Digital Data
1. Digital Line Graph (DLG)
► Base
cartographic data, distributed by USGS
Map created from
USGS DLG culture
data showing
contours, roads,
section lines, lakes
and streams
http://spatialnews.geocomm.com/whitepapers/usgs_dlg.pdf
1. DLG - Data Content
► Planimetric
data
- include transportation/utilities, hydrography, and
administrative and political boundaries
► Topographic
data
- portray relief
1. DLG - Data Content ..
► Include
► Unlike
spatial data, attribute data, and topology
the TIGER and DEM data, the DLG data do
not have a specific theme
1. DLG Data Availability
► Large-Scale
(1:24,000)
► Intermediate-Scale
► Small-Scale
(1:100,000)
(1:2,000,000)
DLG Data Availability ..
Data content
Map scale
1:24,000
7.5'x7.5'
1:100,000
30'x30'
1:2,000,000
multi-states
Boundaries - state, county, city
×
×
×
Hydrography -streams and water bodies
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
Public land survey system - rectangular system
Transportation - roads/trails, railroads, pipelines
Other manmade structures - ski lift
Hypsography - contour lines
Surface cover - vegetative
Non-vegetative surface cover - sand, gravel, etc
×
Survey control and markers - positions and
elevations
×
1. Large-Scale (1:24,000) DLG
Correspond to the USGS 1:24,000 scale
topographic quadrangle maps
►
Primarily cast to the UTM projection system, but
some are cast to the State Plane coordinate
system
►
http://www.cnr.umn.edu/FR/courses/FR3131/Week6update.pdf
Streams layer of
Clarence
1:24,000-Scale DLG data ..
West Rapid City, SD
http://edc.usgs.gov/geodata/exampldlg24k.html
1. Intermediate-Scale
(1:100,000) DLG
Cast to the UTM projection system
► Referenced to either NAD27 or NAD83
►
1:100,000-Scale DLG data ..
Coeur D'Alene,
ID-MT
http://edc.usgs.gov/geodata/exampldlg100k.html
1. Small-Scale
(1:2,000,000) DLG
►
Derived from the USGS sectional maps from the
U.S. National Atlas
Example of 1:2,000,000-Scale DLG Data of
the Illinois and Missouri States
Boundaries, hydrography, and roads
Hydrography
http://edc.usgs.gov/geodata/exampdlg.html
2. Land Use and Land Cover
Digital Data (LULC)
► Distributed
by USGS
- 1:250,000 - 1x1 degree
- 1:100,000 - 30x60 minutes
2. LULC Data Contents
(1) Land use and land cover
Anderson Classification System Level I
(2) Political unit
state, county, and city boundaries
(3) Census county subdivision
census tracts for MSA
(4) Hydrologic unit
An 8-digit Hydrological Unit Code, region,
sub-region, accounting, and cataloging unit
(5) Federal land ownership
Anderson Classification System
Level I (USGS)
1
Urban or build-up land
2
3
4
5
Agricultural
Rangeland
Forest land
Water
6
7
8
Wetland
Barren land
Tundra
9
Perennial snow or ice
1:100,000 LULC Data
Anderson classification system
1:250,000 LULC Data
Spokane, WA, land use/land cover, census,
and political units
http://edc.usgs.gov/geodata/exampleslulc.html
National Land Cover Database
http://aria.arizona.edu/slg/Vandriel.ppt
Hydrologic Unit - USGS
An 8-digit Hydrological Unit Code, region,
sub-region, accounting, and cataloging unit
3. Soils Data
► Developed
by USDA Natural Resources
Conservation Service (NRCS)
► Soil Survey Geographic Data Base (SSURGO)
► State Soil Geographic Data Base (STATSGO)
► National Soil Geographic Data Base (NATSGO)
3. Soils - SSURGO
► Soil
Survey Geographic Data Base (SSURGO)
► 1:24,000, 7.5'x7.5'quads
► Based on aerial photographs and field survey
► Map unit: soil series
► Attributes:
use, etc.
physical, chemical, biological, land
Soils
SSURGO
Soils - STATSGO
► State
Soil Geographic Data Base (STATSGO)
► 1:250,000, 1x2 degree coverage
► Map unit: soil association
► Attribute: 60 soil properties
► Attribute
structure
STATSGO Map Unit
STATSGO data user guider page 5
STATSGO Map Unit ..
► STATSGO
map units consist of 1 to 21
components
► For each component, there are 60 soil properties
► For each component, there are 1 to 6 soil layers
► For each layer, there are 28 soil properties; for
example, percent clay
► A map unit identifier created by concatenation of
the two-character State FIPS code and a threedigit Arabic number. It uniquely identifies a map
unit within a State
STATSGO
Attributes
A set of relational
tables is used to store
the attributes for the
Map Unit and its
Components
http://www.ncgc.nrcs.usda.gov/products/datasets/statsgo/data/ny.html
http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/hort/faculty/pool/NYSite-Soils/nysoilmap.jpg
http://www.srbc.net/gis/map_gallery.html
3. Soils - NATSGO
► National
Soil Geographic Data Base (NATSGO)
► 1:7,500,000
► Used primarily for national, regional, and multistate resource assessment, planning, and
monitoring
UNESCO Soils
The Digital Soil Map of the World (version 3.0) was released in May 1994
Scale of 1:5,000,000
4. Digital Raster Graphics
Developed by USGS
A raster image of a scanned USGS topographic
map georeferenced to the UTM grid
► Useful as a background layer in a GIS, or to be
merged with other digital data to produce a
hybrid digital file
►
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_raster_graphic
http://topomaps.usgs.gov/drg/
4. New York State Data Sets
►
►
►
http://cugir.mannlib.cornell.edu/
http://gis.ny.gov
http://nationalmap.gov/viewer.html
Example USGS DLG (Digital Line Graph) file showing roads, streets, rivers, etc
Land Cover Map of the Unites States
http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/environment/Land_Cover_Change.html
http://www.css.cornell.edu/courses/420/lecture8.ppt
3. Soils - SSURGO Map Unit
http://dusk2.geo.orst.edu/virtual/bolstad.pdf
http://nris.state.mt.us/gis/gisdatalib/mtmaps.aspx
STATSGO Table Relationships
►
A set of relational tables is used to store the attributes
for the Map Unit and its Components
STATSGO data user guider page 10
►
http://geospatialrevolution.psu.edu
STATSGO data user guider page 10
http://www.ncgc.nrcs.usda.gov/products/datasets/ssurgo/index.html