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Scientific Writing
Lection: Results
Erik Arntzen
AUC
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Organizing the Result Section
 Start to summarize the the collected data
 Data should be reported in sufficient detail to
justify your conclusions
 Mention all relevant results
 Do not hide any results
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Abbrevations
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Units of Time
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Letters and Numbers
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Some Important Issues
 Tables are characterized by a row-column
structure, while any type of illustration other
than a table is referred to as a figure.
 One canonical or standard form of display
 If you have not used this standard form, you
should explain why
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Table Checklist
 Is the table necessary?
 Are all comparable tables in the manuscript consistent in
presentation?
 Is the title brief but explanatory?
 Does every column have a column head?
 Are all abbreviations explained, as well as special use of italics,
parentheses, dashes, boldface, and special symbols?
 Are all vertical rules eliminated?
 Is the table referred to in text?
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Example
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Arntzen, Grondahl, and Eilifsen
(2010)
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Arntzen, Grondahl, and Eilifsen
(2010)
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Table Text
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Table Headings
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Not Include:
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Table Notes
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Example
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Example
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Types of Figures
 Graphs
– Display the relationship between two quantitative variables
 Charts
– Display nonquantative information
 Maps
– Display spatial information
 Drawings
– Shows information pictorially
 Photographs
– Contain direct visual information
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Arntzen and Lian (in press)
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Example
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Figure of an Experimental Set-up
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RT Data: Mimicking
Meaningfulness
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Figure Checklist
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Is the figure necessary?
Is the figure simple, clear, and free of extraneous details?
Is the figure title descriptive of the content of the figure ?
Are all the elements of the figure clearly labeled?
Are the magnitude, scale and direction of grid elements clearly labeled?
Are all figures numbered consecutively with Arabic numerals?
Are all figures mentioned in the text?
Are the figures being submitted in a file format acceptable to the publisher?
Have the files been produced at a sufficiently high resolution to allow for
accurate publication?
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Error bars for RT Figures
Formulas in Excel:
 =STDEV(A30:A39)
 =(STDEV(A30:A39))/(SQRT(COUNT(A30:A39)))
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