The Core Difference: When the
Core Matters
Renesas Electronics America Inc.
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
Renesas Technology & Solution Portfolio
2
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
Microcontroller and Microprocessor Line-up
2010
2012
1200 DMIPS, Superscalar
32-bit
 Automotive & Industrial, 65nm
 600µA/MHz, 1.5µA standby
1200 DMIPS, Performance
 Automotive, 40nm
 500µA/MHz, 35µA deep standby
500 DMIPS, Low Power
 Automotive & Industrial, 90nm
 600µA/MHz, 1.5µA standby
165 DMIPS, FPU, DSC
 Industrial, 90nm
 500µA/MHz, 1.6µA deep standby
165 DMIPS, FPU, DSC
 Industrial, 40nm
 200µA/MHz, 0.3µA deep standby
8/16-bit
25 DMIPS, Low Power
 Industrial & Automotive, 150nm
 190µA/MHz, 0.3µA standby
44 DMIPS, True Low Power
10 DMIPS, Capacitive Touch
 Industrial & Automotive, 130nm
 144µA/MHz, 0.2µA standby
 Industrial
& Automotive,
Wide
Format
LCDs 130nm
 350µA/MHz, 1µA standby
3
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
Microcontroller and Microprocessor Line-up
2010
2012
1200 DMIPS, Superscalar
32-bit
 Automotive & Industrial, 65nm
 600µA/MHz, 1.5µA standby
1200 DMIPS, Performance
 Automotive, 40nm
 500µA/MHz, 35µA deep standby
500 DMIPS, Low Power
 Automotive &32-Bit
Industrial,High
90nm Performance
 600µA/MHz, 1.5µA
standby
DSP,
FPU with High
Integration
165 DMIPS, FPU, DSC
 Industrial, 90nm
 500µA/MHz, 1.6µA deep standby
32-Bit High Efficiency
Ultra Low Power and Low
Voltage
165 DMIPS, FPU, DSC
 Industrial, 40nm
 200µA/MHz, 0.3µA deep standby
8/16-bit
25 DMIPS, Low Power
 Industrial & Automotive, 150nm
 190µA/MHz, 0.3µA standby
44 DMIPS, True Low Power
10 DMIPS, Capacitive Touch
 Industrial & Automotive, 130nm
 144µA/MHz, 0.2µA standby
 Industrial
& Automotive,
Wide
Format
LCDs 130nm
 350µA/MHz, 1µA standby
4
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
‘Enabling The Smart Society’
 Challenge:
“Smart objects and smart systems need smart MCUs, with
the right balance or power, performance, capability. At the
heart of the MCU is the CPU Core. While many CPU cores
exist in the market, sometime enabling the Smart Society
means sometime choosing the right core for the right
purpose.”
 Solution:
“This lecture will explain when the core matters in your design
how to select the right one – to make your application smarter”
5
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
Agenda
 CPU cores for MCU in the industry
 Should you care? - Criteria to choose one core







Performance, Real Time, DSP
Power
Code size
Tools support
Software support
Products
Is there anything like a “standard” MCU ?
 Putting it all together
 Conclusion
6
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
CPU cores for MCU in the industry
7
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
16/32bit CPU Cores in the Industry
TLCS-900
MSP430 – C2000
56800EX
S12X
32 Bit Fujitsu RISC
8
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
Smart Applications Require Smart MCUs
Real Time behavior
Product line
DSP
Power/power performance ratio
Tools
Software
Code size
9
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
Should You Care? - Criteria to Choose One Core
10
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
Criterion #1: Performance
Dhrystone
2.1
 Computing
 Real-time Behavior
interrupt latency
# of independent interrupts
Determinism
 DSP capability
single cycle MAC
Floating Point Unit
DSP instructions
11
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
32-bit MCUs and DSC in the Market
MCU
Core
Vendor
V850ES
Renesas
32
1.90
20 - 50
32
1024
ARM CortexM3
Various
32
1.25
60 - 150
<=50
1024
ARM CortexM0
Various
32
0.84
20-48
30
128
ARM7TDMI (Flash)
Various
32
0.95
24 - 60
<=30
1024
MCU + DSP
Core
Vendor
CPU
Width
(bits)
SH-2A (Flash)
RX600
Renesas
Renesas
32
32
2.00
1.65
100 - 200
80 - 100
100
100
Max
Flash
Size
(KB)
1024
2046
AVR32
Atmel
32
1.50
40 - 66
33
512
32
32
32
32
32
16
16
1.65
1.25
1.10
n/a
n/a
1.00
0.50
40-80
30
512
1024
2048
512
128
512
256
MIPS M4K
Microchip
Various
ARM CortexM4
ST
STR9 ARM966E
TI
TMS320 Delfino (Flash)
TI
TMS320 Piccolo
Freescale
56F8000/8300
Microchip
dsPIC
12
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
DMIPS/M Available Flash
Hz of CPU Frequency Speed
Core
(MHz)
(MHz)
Max
Flash
Size
(KB)
CPU
Width
(bits)
DMIPS/M Available Flash
Hz of CPU Frequency Speed
Core
(MHz)
(MHz)
150-168
<=50
96
33
100 - 150
27
40 - 60
25
32 - 60 No spec
60 - 80 No spec
FPU
MAC (result
width bits) (width
bits)
32 and 64
48 and 80
32, 48, and
64
32
32 and 64
32 and 64
64
64
36
40
64
32
32
32
-
The Core and the System: Wait States
13
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
The Core and the System: Real Performance
14
RX600
STM32F4
Kinetis
LM4F
Max frequency
(MHz)
100
168
150
80
Theoretical perf.
165
210
187.5
100
Flash speed
100
30
33
40
WS
0
5
4
1
WS Impact
0
5%
5%
5%
Real
performance
(DMIPS)
165
162
153
95
Cache miss
speed (MHz)
100
Real performance
=
Theoretical Max DMIPS
* (1-WS impact) WS
Real time performance
Non-deterministic:
unpredictable Cache miss
30
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
33
40
Cache miss execute at low
flash speed
Fast Interrupt Latency: RX Example
15
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
Industry Leading Ultra Fast Interrupt Response
16
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
RX vs. Cortex-M4
17
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
32-bit MCUs and DSC in the Market
MCU
Core
Vendor
V850ES
Renesas
32
1.90
20 - 50
32
1024
ARM CortexM3
Various
32
1.25
60 - 150
<=50
1024
ARM CortexM0
Various
32
0.84
20-48
30
128
ARM7TDMI (Flash)
Various
32
0.95
24 - 60
<=30
1024
MCU + DSP
Core
Vendor
CPU
Width
(bits)
SH-2A (Flash)
RX600
Renesas
Renesas
32
32
2.00
1.65
100 - 200
80 - 100
100
100
Max
Flash
Size
(KB)
1024
2046
AVR32
Atmel
32
1.50
40 - 66
33
512
32
32
32
32
32
16
16
1.65
1.25
1.10
n/a
n/a
1.00
0.50
40-80
30
512
1024
2048
512
128
512
256
MIPS M4K
Microchip
Various
ARM CortexM4
ST
STR9 ARM966E
TI
TMS320 Delfino (Flash)
TI
TMS320 Piccolo
Freescale
56F8000/8300
Microchip
dsPIC
18
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
DMIPS/M Available Flash
Hz of CPU Frequency Speed
Core
(MHz)
(MHz)
Max
Flash
Size
(KB)
CPU
Width
(bits)
DMIPS/M Available Flash
Hz of CPU Frequency Speed
Core
(MHz)
(MHz)
150-168
<=50
96
33
100 - 150
27
40 - 60
25
32 - 60 No spec
60 - 80 No spec
FPU
MAC (result
width bits) (width
bits)
32 and 64
48 and 80
32, 48, and
64
32
32 and 64
32 and 64
64
64
36
40
64
32
32
32
-
Criterion #2: Power
Core Efficiency
19
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
System Technology
MCU Power Consumption in RUN Mode
MCU Power
=
SRAM
NVM
Memories
+
Peripherals
ANALOG
+
20
DIGITAL
Core
Core
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
RUN Power: Core Implementation
NXP Cortex M0
RENESAS
RX200
ATMEL
AVR32
MIPS
PIC32
128KB flash - 48 pin
Core Current
13-40µA/MHz
n.a.
n.a.
33- 125µA/MHz
Product Power
µA/MHz
150
200
300
500
DMIPS/MHz
0.84
1.57
1.5
1.65
Product Power
mA/DMIPS
0.179
0.127
0.200
0.303
21
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
RX vs. M4 Competition
22
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
Criterion #3: Code Size
 All modern 32-bit architecture have some way to improve
code density
ARM
Thumb-2
Subset of
instructions of
16bit size
23
RX
RISC+ CISC
instructions
Advanced
address modes
MOV
optimization
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
AVR
MIPS
MIPS16e
Variable length
Multiple
address modes
16bit encoding
of 32bit
instructions
load-store
optimization
RX Instruction Set Summary and Size
Instruction
Length
(bytes)
1
1-3
1-4
2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-8
3
List of Instructions
Number of
Instructions
BCnd
3
1
BRA
1
NOP, RTS, BRK
RMPA, ROLC, RORC, SAT, SATR, POP, POPC,
POPM, PUSHC, PUSHM, JMP, JSR, SCMPU,
SMOVB, SMOVF, SMOVU, SSTR, SUNTIL,
SWHILE, CLRPSW, RTE, RTFI, SETPSW, WAIT
24
ABS, NEG, NOT, SHAR, SHLL, SHLR, RTSD
7
3
4
5
1
15
MOVU, PUSH, BSR
SUB, BCLR, BSET, BTST
ADD, AND, CMP, MUL, OR
MOV
ROTL, ROTR, REVL, REVW, INT, MVFC, MACHI,
MACLO, MULHI, MULLO, MVFACHI, MVFACMI,
MVTACHI, MVTACLO, RACW
3-5
3-6
3-7
FTOI, ROUND, SCCnd, BMCnd, BNOT
4-6
4-7
ADC
SBB, ITOF, XCHG
DIV, DIVU, EMUL, EMULU, MAX, MIN, TST,
XOR, FADD, FCMP, FDIV, FMUL, FSUB, MVTC
STNZ, STZ
5
3
14
1
2
6% have
minimum
instruction
length of 1
byte
49% have
minimum
instruction
length of 2
bytes
42% have
minimum
instruction
length of 3
bytes
Total = 89 instructions
24
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
Example: Moving Data in Memory
RX
Traditional RISC
25
LDR r3, [r1]
2 bytes
STR r3, [r2]
2 bytes
MOV [r1], [r2]
2 bytes
Number of Cycles = 4
Number of Cycles = 3
Code size = 4 bytes
Code size = 2 bytes
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
Up to 28% Code Size Reduction
Code size (relative)
28% less
Motor control
19% less
Data communication
17% less
Data conversion
25% less
Real-time control
25% less
System control
1.0
= RX600
= A Cortex-M3 based MCU
Note: Internal benchmark test, your results may vary
26
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
Criteria #4: The Tools
 Choice of IDE
Many others…
 Choice of compilers
Many others…
GNU
JTAG emulator
 Emulator
2-wire Emulator
Multiple breakpoint/ watchpoints
 Debug capability
27
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
Trace capability
Tools Support
 Various in-house solutions
 Wide support for GNU
AIX
ARM
AVR
C6X
CR16
Epiphany
IA-32/x86-64
M68K/ColdFire
GNU
 Wide support for popular
tools like IAR
28
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
MeP
MIPS
PowerPC/PowerPC64
RS/6000 (POWER/PowerPC)
RX
RL
SH
SPARC
TILE-Gx/TILEPro
Debug Functions
ARM
Cortex M
Breakpoints
Watchpoints
Trace
Low pin
count debug
29
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
Renesas
RX
ATMEL
AVR32
MIPS
M4K
Criteria #5: Software Support
 A productivity enhancer
 Ready to use software can save you months of development
 You can focus on where your added value is
 Free software
 Open source
 Vendor software
 Commercial offer
 Licensed for a cost
30
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
HAL Interface
MCU specific
Application
Notes and
examples
Application
builder
High-level
framework(Java,
Arduino,
Posix..)
MCU specific
Hardware Abstraction Layer Library
CPU Core
31
MCU
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
RTOS
Board
specific
Board
RTOS and Middleware
Portable C Code
Classes
USB
HostDevice
IPv6
SSL
WMA
AAC
TCP-IP
Audio
ADPCM
MP3
CAN
HAL Library
CPU Core
32
MCU
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
DES
3DES
AES
SDIO
SDcard
File
system
Widely
RTOS
Available
Math
lab
Integr
ation
Graphics
JPEG
DSP
Board
specific
Board
Solution Bricks
MCU specific
IEC/UL
60730
MFI
Android
AP
Motor
control
PFC
SMPS
Solar
Panel
Metering:
Com
RF:
Bluetooth
Metering:
Metrology
USB
Continua
HAL Library
CPU Core
33
MCU
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
PowerLink
Profinet
EtherCAT
SercosIII
CanOpen
DeviceNet
RT
Ethernet
Ethernet IP
RTOS
Cloud
computing
RF: Wifi
Board
specific
Board
Criteria #6: Products
Product
offer
Product
cost
Support
and quality
Strategic
choice
34
• Broad, scalable offer
• Compatibility
• Cost of the product
• System cost
• Supply chain, quality
• Technical support
• Long term partnership
• Technology and product roadmap
• Independence
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
RX Family Roadmap
RX700
240 MHz
RX600
RX200
100/120 MHz
50 MHz
Up to 4MB
DSC, FPU, Connectivity
RX100
32 MHz
Low power, Up to 1MB Flash
1.62 to 5.5v, 24 bit ADC, Security
Lowest Power 32-bit
platform in the Industry
35
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
Up to 8MB
Dual Ethernet, DSP,
LCD
36
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
RX Low Power Roadmap
Less Than 2µA With RAM Retention
General
Purpose
RX210
50MHz
64KB-512KB
48pins-100pins
105c
RX220
32MHz
32KB-256KB
48pins-100pins
105c
Advanced
analog
RX211
50MHz
32KB-256KB + USB
64pins-100pins
RX100
Lowest power RX
Entry level 32bit
RX core performance
RX21A
50MHz,512KB
24-bit Δ/Σ ADC
128/256 bit AES
64pins-100pins
105c
2012
37
RX210xB
50MHz
768KB-1 MB
100pins – 144pins
105c
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
2013
RX100: Lowest Power 32-bit Family
Best in class Performance
RX100
1.56 DMIPS/MHz
Best in class Power efficiency
RX100
Cortex
M4
1.25DMIPS/MHz
Company B
Cortex M0+
Cortex
M3
1.25DMIPS/MHz
Company A
Cortex M3
Cortex
M0
38
0.9DMIPS/MHz
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
>14 CoreMarks/mA
12 CoreMarks/mA
10 CoreMarks/mA
RX High Performance Roadmap
165DMIPS and Over
RX631 Large RAM
100MHz
2MB-1MB Flash
256KB SRAM
100pins-177pins
General
Purpose
RX630
RX631
RX631 LPC
RX63N
RX621
RX62N
RX610
RX63T
100MHz - 165DMIPS
32KB- 64KB
1MC capability
48pins – 64pins
2012
39
RX6xx
120MHz
4MB flash
>256KB SRAM
40nm Flash
RX631
100MHz- 165DMIPS
256-512KB Flash
128KB SRAM
100pins-177pins
RX62T
RX62G
Power
Control
RX700
> 240MHz
>4MB flash
>256KB SRAM
40nm Flash
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
Enhanced
Functions
Audio
HMI
Encryption
Connectivity
Much more…
RX63T
100MHz
384KB-512KB
3MC capability
100pins – 144pins
2013
RX CPU Architecture Roadmap
• High Performance
• Low Power
• Small Code Size
Higher
Performance/MHz
4.0 Coremark/MHz
400MHz～
RX-v2
(240MHz)
RX6xx
RX700
3.5 Coremark/MHz
RX-v1
(100MHz)
RX600,
RX200,
RX100
Smaller gate count
Smaller code size
3.12 Coremark/MHz
2009
40
Next
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
2012
2015
Processor Performance
 RX-v2 outperforms competing ARM CPUs and microAptiv
(MIPS)
Dhrystone 2.1/MHz
RX V2
RX V2
2.2
microAptiv
0.5
3.09
Cortex-M4
1.25
0
3.3
microAptiv
1.57
Cortex-M4
41
Coremarks/MHz
1
1.5
2
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
2.5
3.5
2.6
2.8
3
3.2
3.4
89
80.0
53
54
33
FFT
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
64
36
IIR
70
49
32
38
27
20.0
0.0
Matrix
The smaller, the better
42
37
RX-Gen2
Matrix
Multiply
(in: i32, out:
i32)
120.0
Matrix
Multiply
(in: ci16, out:
ci16)
40.0
127
IIR Biquad
(in: ci32, out:
ci32)
100.0
IIR Biquad
(in: ci16, out:
ci16)
60.0
131
128-p real
FFT
(in: f32, out:
cf32)
Cycles
140.0
64-p comple
FFT
(in: ci32, out:
ci32)
64-p comple
FFT
(in: ci16, out:
ci16)
Benchmark RX vs. Cortex-M4
CM-4
Putting it Together: When the Core Does
Matter
43
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
Criteria to Choose One Core: Conclusion
 Performance
 Real Time behavior, DSP
 Code size
 Power
 Tools & Software support
 Product: Broad product offer,
Solution cost
44
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
Is there Anything Like a “Standard” MCU ?
Core
System
Peripherals
Performance
Analog
Power
Proprietary Tools
HAL Software Library
45
3rd Party Tools
As other cores
3rd Party Software
As other cores
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
Jack in a Box: The Story of a “Standard” MCU
Choice
How “standard” is that ?
Proprietary TCP-IP
stack
Proprietary Drivers
and RTOS
Proprietary
Development tools
Proprietary peripherals
and system
“standard” Core MCU
46
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
Where the “Standard” Shall Be
Classes
USB
HostDevice
IPv6
SSL
WMA
AAC
TCP-IP
Audio
ADPCM
MP3
CAN
HAL Library
CPU Core
47
MCU
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
This is where
the standard
shall be
DES
3DES
AES
SDIO
SDcard
File
system
RTOS
Matlab
Integr
ation
Graphics
JPEG
DSP
Board
specific
Board
Vendors That Care Foster Software
Independence
GNU
48
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
REA and Micrium Promotion
 Free Commercial license for Micrium’s leading RTOS and
Middleware to users of Renesas’ RL78 and RX MCUs.
 Includes RTOS and middleware (TCP/IP, USB, File System and
Others)
 Up to $110K Value!!!
 Includes 1-year of free support.
 Available from Sept 10, 2012 to March 31, 2013 for REA
Customers
http://am.renesas.com/products/mpumcu/promotions/micrium/index.jsp
49
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
Conclusion
50
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
Conclusion
 Performance, real Time behavior, DSP capability, Code size,
Power efficiency are parameters that are significantly
influenced by the core – if they are critical in your
application, carefully chose the core
 Software and tools are not directly significantly different for
each core, and the vendor effort to support you is there the
main criterion
 While not directly related to the core, product, product
breadth, roadmap is very important and must be carefully
considered
51
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
Learn More About RX
www.am.renesas.com/rx
52
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
Questions?
53
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
‘Enabling The Smart Society’
 Challenge:
“Smart objects and smart systems need smart MCUs, with
the right balance or power, performance, capability. At the
heart of the MCU is the CPU Core. While many CPU cores
exist in the market, sometime enabling the Smart Society
means sometime choosing the right core for the right
purpose.”
 Solution:
“This lecture discussed when the core matters and showed to you
that in any case, the RX and the RX portfolio are a strong solution
for your designs covering all needs for 32bit MCUs”
54
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
Renesas Electronics America Inc.
© 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.