Chapter 10 packet answers Page 5-6
1. The nitrogen-containing base that is only found in RNA is __uracil_________.
2. The enzyme responsible for making RNA is called __RNA_ _Polymerase__.
3. A sequence of DNA at the beginning of a gene that signals RNA polymerase to begin transcription is called
a(n) __promoter___.
4. Messenger RNA is produced during the process of _transcription___.
5. Transcription and translation are stages in the process of _protein_ _synthesis______.
6. The first stage of protein synthesis is called __transcription__.
7. During translation, amino acids are brought to the ribosomes by molecules _ tRNA__________.
8. Nucleotide sequences of tRNA that are complementary to codons on mRNA are called __anti-codons_.
9. The sequence of three nucleotides that code for specific amino acids or stop signals in the
synthesis of protein is called a(n) ___codons_________________.
10. The information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA is used to make protein
during the process of __translation__________________.
11. The form of ribonucleic acid that carries genetic information from the DNA to the
ribosomes is ___mRNA______.
12. Transcription begins when an enzyme called __RNA Polymerase__ binds to the beginning of a gene on a
region of DNA called a promoter.
13. Place the following steps of protein synthesis in sequential order from the beginning
(1) to the end (7).
_1___ mRNA is transcribed from the DNA in the cell nucleus
_3__ tRNA bonds with the correct amino acid and becomes “charged”
_2__ mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm and attaches to the start codon on the ribosome
_4___ tRNA carries the amino acid to the ribosome
_7___ The completed protein is released and ready for use
_6___ Ribosome encounters a stop codon and falls off the mRNA
_5__ The ribosome moves along the mRNA and adds more amino acids to the growing protein
17. For each nucleic acid characteristic below, label as DNA, RNA, or BOTH.
_D__ a. deoxyribose sugar
_B__ e. phosphate
_D__ i. thymine
_R__ b. ribose sugar
_R__ f. single stranded
_R__ j. uracil
_D__ c. double stranded
_B__ g. nucleus
_R__ k. ribosome
_B__ d. nucleotides
_B__ h. A,C,G
Match the correct definition on the right with the term on the left.
_h___ 19. rRNA
a. carries the coded instruction from DNA into cytoplasm for protein synthesis
_f___ 20. translation
b. the process of transferring information from DNA to mRNA
_g___ 21.anticodon
c. brings the amino acids to the ribosome in the correct order
_i___ 22. nucleus
d. a three base code in DNA and RNA that specifies which amino acid
will be added to the protein next
_a___ 23. mRNA
e. translation occurs in this part of the cell
_e___ 24. ribosome
f. the process of using information from mRNA to construct proteins
_c___ 25. tRNA
g. region on a tRNA molecule whose bases compliment a mRNA codon
_d___ 26.codon
h. makes up the structure of the ribosome along with proteins
_b___ 27. transcription
i. transcription occurs in this part of the cell
28. Give the five nitrogenous bases of DNA and RNA molecules. __A, T, C, G, U________________
29. A DNA molecule or polymer is made up of _gene/nucleotides___ which makes up chromosomes.
30. What determines the sequence of nucleotides in a mRNA molecule? _DNA_____________
31. According to the table to the right, the DNA codon
ACG is the code for which amino acid? _Cys________
Base your answers to questions 32 and 33 on the chart to the right.
32.
Which base sequence of a DNA molecule produces a codon on a
mRNA that will allow the amino acid arginine to be incorporated
into a protein?
a. C—G---A
b. C—G—U
c. G—C—T
d. G—C---U
33.
Which amino acid will be carried to a ribosome by a transfer RNA
molecule containing the triplet code A—A---A?
a. valine
b. phenylalanine c. leucine
d. lysine
Base your answers to questions 34-36 on the diagram below, which contains arrows
representing different processes occurring in a cell.
34.
Which processes occur in the nucleus?1, 2
35.
Process 1 is known as replication
36.
Where does process 3 occur in the cell? Cytoplasm/ribosome
37. Answer the following questions according to the diagram to the right.
a. Molecule 1 represents a _DNA__ molecule.
b. Molecule 2 represents a _mRNA__ molecule.
c. Molecule 3 represents a _amino acid sequence/protein__.
d. The process of converting the information from structure 1 to structure 2 is called _transcription__.
e. In plant and animal cells, molecule 1 is found in the organelle called the nucleus__.
f. The building blocks of molecule 3 are known as _amino acids_.
g. The DNA code for lysine (lys) is _TTC__.
h. What is the anticodon that codes for glycine (gly)? _CCG_
i. The process of converting the information from structure 2 to structure 3 is called _translation__.
j. Molecule 3 is made on what organelle of the cell? ribosome_
38. Answer the following questions according to the diagram below.
a. What is number 1 a picture of? _tRNA__
b. What is number 2 a picture of? _mRNA__
c. What is number 3 a picture of? _codons__
d. What is number 4 a picture of? _anti-codon___
e. What is number 5 a picture of? _growing peptide (protein)___
f. What is number 6 a picture of? _amino acid_________________
g. What is number 7 a picture of? _ribosome_________________
h. What is the process above called? _translation_______________
i. Where in the cell does this process take place? _ribosome/cytoplasm_
j. What amino acid would be transferred to the position of codon CUU? __leucine_______________
k. The picture to the right demonstrates the process of _translation/protein synthesis___________
l. Which amino acid would be transferred to the position of codon CAC? histidine
Review questions. Write the answers on your own paper. You may use your book or notes.
1. List 4 ways that DNA and RNA are similar.
Both are nucleic acids
Both have bases A, C, G
Both are found in the nucleus
Both are made up of subunits called nucleotides
Both have phosphate
Both are important to make proteins
2. List 4 ways that DNA and RNA are different
DNA has 2 strands, RNA has 1 strand
DNA has Deoxyribose for the sugar, RNA has ribose
DNA has the T (Thymine) base; RNA has U (uracil) (pairs with A)
DNA can only be found in the nucleus; RNA can be found in the nucleus
or cytoplasm
3. What are the three types of RNA and what do each of them do?
mRNA- carries the instructions from DNA to the protein at the ribosome
tRNA- brings the correct amino acid to the ribosome
rRNA- makes up the ribosome
4. What are the 2 major parts of protein synthesis?/5. Where does each part occur?
Transcription (nucleus)
Translation (cytoplasm/ribosomes)
6. If this is the DNA template
TACGTCATT, what mRNA strand would be transcribed from it?
(copy the DNA strand on your paper)AUGCAGUAA
7. What amino acids would be translated from this strand? Methionine(Start) - Glycine-Stop