Development Opportunities and Challenges of
Europe’s seas.
Professor Dave Shaw and Sue Kidd,
University of Liverpool
Estador Lead Partner
Structure of the Presentation
• The growing importance of the seas in the
territorial cohesion debate
• ESPON stepping into the sea
– European Seas and Territorial Development
Opportunities and Risks (Estador)
• Policy Implications
16. MSP Pilot Outputs: Identification of multiple use
Landuse
Tourism
Oil &Gas
Mariculture
Coastal
Defence
Ports &
Navigation
Military
Activities
Culture
Conservation
Dredging &
Disposal
Submarine
Cables
Fishing
Renewable
Energy
Marine
Recreation
Mineral
Extraction
Terrestrial / Marine Territories
Portuguese attempts to extend territorial sovereignty
Importance of European Seas
Policy Context
• Part of the territorial
agenda (going beyond
terrestrial)
• Three dimensional spaces
requiring planning to
reconcile conflicts between
users and uses
• Early approaches
environmental in character
• Need to think about land
sea interactions
Policy Response
• Land use planning long
tradition
• Integrated Coastal Zone
Management
• Marine Spatial Planning
Draft European Directive on Marine
Spatial Planning and ICZM
• New negotiations regarding
Common Strategic Framework
• Integrated land sea
interactions
National, transnational
European Policy Context
• Territorial Agenda of the EU 2020
• ‘Maritime activities are essential
for territorial cohesion in Europe.
........ The Marine Strategy
Framework Directive and EU
Integrated Maritime Policy call for
coordinated actions from
Member States on maritime
spatial planning. Such planning
should be integrated into the
existing planning systems to
enable harmonious and
sustainable development of a
land-sea continuum.’
• The ‘Blue Growth’ initiative aims to
elaborate the maritime dimension of
the Europe 2020 strategy.
•
"smart, sustainable and inclusive
economic and employment growth from
the oceans, seas and coasts".
• A long term strategy to support
growth in the maritime sector as a
whole
• All the sectoral and cross-sectoral
economic activities related to the
oceans, seas and coasts
• Focus on emerging, existing and
potential activities such as short sea
shipping, coastal tourism, offshore
wind energy, desalination, marine
biotech .
An Introduction to Estador
•
•
•
•
•
Map the different types of sea use
across Europe to develop typology of
coastal/marine regions drawing on
existing ESPON typologies
Identify developmental opportunities
and risks for different coastal/marine
regions
Explore best practice in terms of
terrestrial-marine governance
Provide guidance and advice on how
these critical assets can be effectively
and democratically managed
Suggest further areas for research to
maximise opportunities, but
minimise human impacts on marine
assets
Project Challenges, Findings and Reflections
• Data and Mapping
– Challenges and recommendations
• Typology
– Informing maritime policy development
• Governance
– Integration is key
From NUTS to MUTS!
Lots of Maps!!!
Lots of Maps!!!
Data Collection Recommendations
• The EU should develop a common framework for the collection of
maritime data to facilitate harmonisation and consistency of spatial
data across maritime regions.
• The scope of maritime data collection should be broadened
thematically, spatially and beyond the current ESPON boundaries to
develop a more comprehensive understanding of land- sea
interactions.
• Existing maritime data sources should be made more widely
accessible.
• In order to facilitate more consistent approaches to mapping land-sea
interactions, the 10x10km grid square framework used in this project
should be adopted as a marine equivalent to the NUTS units used on
land.
Towards a Typology of land sea interaction
Composite Maps
Intensity of Activities
Coldspots
Hotspots
Typology
Typology Recommendations
• The typology of maritime regions developed in this project
could be used as a spatial tool for understanding land-sea
interactions and informing integrated maritime policy
development at a range of different scales.
• Transnational programmes (e.g. INTERREG) should make
use of the typology, maritime scenarios and regional sea
reports produced by ESaTDOR in developing their future
activities.
Transnational Governance Arrangements
Specific
Econ. sectors –
Monitoring
Observation
Maritime
boundary
delimitation
Maritime
Spatial
Planning
Territorial
cohesionRegional dev.
Resource
exploitation
Economic
development
Cooperation
Participation
Environmental
/ Coastal
protection
Case studies
Pollution control
and reduction
Table 3.9. Classification of Case Studies – Main goals of governance arrangement
Dominant focus
Regional Sea Case Studies
Arct/Noth. Dim.-Arctic
Council
+
Atl/Atlantic Arc
+
Balt /VASAB
Balt/HELCOM
+
+
Balt/MSP Working Group
+
+
+
+
BlackSea /GOOS
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
BlackSea /Energy Centre
BlackSea/ CommissionPollution
+
+
+
+
North Sea/OSPAR
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Med /ICZM Protocol
+
+
+
+
Arct/Nor-Den Treaty
Sub-regional Sea Case Studies
+
+
Arct/Nor-Rus Treaty
+
+
Atl/Brit-Irish Council
+
Atl/Solway Firth
+
+
+
Balt/Pomeranian Bight
+
Med/Adriatic
Med/MEDGovernance
+
North Sea /Wadden Sea
+
North Sea /Scheldt Estuary
+
+
+
+
+
+
Governance Recommendations
•
•
•
•
Maritime spatial planning needs continuing support and promotion at both EU
and national level to ensure that states maximise the opportunities presented by
Blue Growth in a way that is consistent with the ambitions of the Marine
Strategy Framework Directive, whilst contributing to the territorial cohesion
objectives of the Territorial Agenda of the European Union 2020.
At a European scale, there should be greater recognition of the importance of
marine space within EU activities and greater integration of sectoral policies with
maritime dimensions. Close collaboration between DGs Environment, Mare,
Move, Energy and Regio (for example) should be encouraged.
There is a need for continuing efforts to develop effective transnational working
in support of maritime spatial planning at different spatial scales.
National governments should develop integrated maritime planning
arrangements that ensure consistent planning across the land sea continuum in
both national and transnational space that takes account of the strength of landsea interactions.
The Future?
• Sea’s are being increasingly recognised as part
of the territorial agenda.
• Challenges
– Planning in national space
– Planning in transnational space through
collaborative action
– Estador new ways of envisioning land sea
interactions
– But we have only just begun