Proposal of Networking
Saudi Telecom Company (STC)
Introduction to Telecommunication
Section: 201
Done by:
Maytha AlMasoud
Sajedah AlMarzuq
Done For: Dr. Valentina Korzhova
Due date May 13, 2012
Outline:

Introduction

Problem statement

Network transmission media

Types of networks based on physical scope

Network Classification

Security Issue

Basic hardware components
Introduction
History of Saudi Telecom Company (STC)
Saudi Telecom Company was founded in 1998. STC is a Saudi company that provides
services for landline, mobile, and the Internet. Working STC through five business units: the
phone unit, which includes services, landline, phone cards, outlines, card services, prepaid
services business; unit mobile, and offer a range of mobile services, which includes all of the
mobile family, Sawa, messaging services, business services and data services and roaming; unit
Saudi Net, and provides internet services, and services unit STC to pay bills online via the
Internet; and Saudi Data integrity solutions to serve the data.
STC is the leading national provider of telecommunication services in the Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia. The company is working continuously to fulfill and satisfy the market requirements,
keeping pace with the emerging technologies in the telecommunications sector and satisfying its
customer's needs. STC has put in its consideration that, this is the way to reinforce its position
and identity in view of a changing world where the role and usage of telecommunications
became more significant when the internet was launched in 2000. The company starts to move
faster to give its customers the service that they expect, so they launched the third generation
(3G) services in the year 2006.
Public networking
STC is a public network where public network is run as a service that is available to subscribers.
It is a public network because if a corporation or an individual pay the fees they can use it. STC
considered public network because it is a company that offers service is known as a service
provider. Public refers to the general availability of service, not to the data being transferred.
Problem statement
Telecommuting will have major effects in the worlds of work and family life. There is no
escape from technology. In most cases this is not a problem though. Many people respect and
admire technology because it is there to benefit them. Without the technological advances we
have had over the years, the world would not be what it is today.
1) interruption of service
Most of STC users Facing some problems of DSL service,so the most unresolved
problem is interruption of service every 5 or 10 Minutes. For example when we have online
exams , or job interview then the connection drop suddenly, then the opportunity went with the
wind.
2) Network Coverage
The network of the STC doesn’t cover the entire country, for example, we can’t reach the
network easily in some areas through the wireless. For example, when we camping in desert,
sometimes we can’t reach the network through our laptop, Ipad and phones and if we reach it, the
network connection working slowly even when we are at home.
3) Network error connection
In addition, Network error connection or network busy When we sent messages through
mobile phones or broadcast through the blackberry sometimes they are not delivered. This
problem still customer's faced on STC specially when we trying to make a call.
4) Speeds
Finally the connection operating at a significantly lower speed than agreed. So
connection speeds that are slower than promised. For example, when the STC offering 4 MB
they just give us 3.5MB. We all need high speed to keep working quickly; we don't want to waste
time for waiting the page open and so on.
The sheer size of STC is partially to blame. As this company innovates to keep up with their
customers’ social networking habits, telecom customer service interactions have become
increasingly scattered and inconsistent.
Network transmission media
A. There are four connection methods for transmission media:
1. Optical fiber: An optical fiber is used for communication in a single direction. STC
uses the optical fiber when transmitting telephone.
2. Wired: waves are guided along a solid medium such as a transmission line. STC
offered wired services like the telephone services.
3. Wireless: transmission and reception are achieved by means of an antenna. STC
offered wireless services like broadband services and internet.
4. Point-to-point laser: Laser communication follows line-of-sight, and requires a clear,
unobstructed path between the communicating sites(the sending and receiving
equipment must be united precisely to insure that the sender's beam hits the sensor in
the receiver). STC uses the point-to-point laser in order to make sure if the data are sent
or received.
B. Wired technologies:
 Twisted pair: The use of two wires twisted together helps to reduce crosstalk and
electromagnetic induction. While twisted-pair cable is used by older telephone networks
and is the least expensive type of local-area network (LAN) cable, Twisted pair is the
ordinary copper wire that connects home and many business computers to the telephone
company.
 Coaxial cable: has a wire conductor in the centre, a circumferential outer conductor, and
an insulating medium called the dielectric, separating these two conductors.
 Optical fiber: Telephone transmission method uses fibre-optic cables. Optical fibres
transmit energy in the form of light pulses. The technology is similar to that of the coaxial
cable, except that the optical fibres can handle tens of thousands of conversations
simultaneously.
C. wireless technologies:
 Terrestrial: Communication uses equipment such as radio or microwave transmitters that
is relatively close to the earth's surface. STC has a lot of man made towers for
telecommunication services. Actually, it sells the bad towers to Mobily Company; that is
the reason behind having a bad network for those who use Mobily sim cards or internet.
 Satellites: communications satellites provide a microwave radio relay technology
complementary to that of communication cables. STC use it for mobile applications such
as communications to ships.
 Wireless LANs: STC serves many wireless LANs services or Wi-Fi devices that are used
for many needs such as connecting laptop users who travel from location to location, and
mobile networks that connect via satellite.
Types of networks based on physical scope

Local area network
A. (VPLS) services:
STC provides (VPLS) services as network's default, so they provide this service to concept of
Virtual Private Network to enable the clients business to link set of points to others customers
form other places through the use of Layer 2 over STC’s Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)
network. VPLS Bandwidth Offering From 2 Mbps up to 2.5 Gbps.
So we can use this service in various government and private sectors, such as Financial
applications, data Centers interconnectivity, stock market, network-Based meeting, like banks,
health sector, Education, transportation, and other business sectors, because this service check
the demands of the business sector.
B.Service Benefits:
1.High Availability
VPLS through VPN provides “Any-to-Any” connectivity over Ethernet. Therefore, all the
corporate sites appear to be on the same LAN, regardless of their location.
2.High Flexibility
VPLS allows business to use any routing protocol.
3.High Efficiency
VPLS enables business communications to be transported via non-IP protocols. Additionally,
VPLS enhances businesses through offering broadcast and multicast applications.

Personal area network
STC company used A personal area network (PAN) is a computer network used for
communication among computer and different information technological devices close to one
person. Like
 printers.
 fax machines
 telephones
 scanners
Also PAN may include wired and wireless devices.
A.A wired PAN :
is usually constructed with USB and Firewire connections
B.A wireless PAN:
1. such as Bluetooth .
2.infrared communication.

Home area network
STC used A home area network (HAN) is a residential LAN which is used for communication
between digital devices typically deployed in the Company, usually a small number of personal
computers and accessories, such as printers and mobile computing devices. An important
function is the sharing of Internet access, often a broadband service through a cable TV or
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) provider.
Also STC offered :
A.DSL Sky Internet:
Sky Internet Protocol (IP) allows you to leverage the coverage of satellite to expand the IP-VPN
coverage, which enables you to have IP-VPN at all locations, regardless of distance.
*Service Benefits
High Availability
DSL sky internet provides connectivity anywhere throughout the Kingdom, regardless of the
existence of a terrestrial service.
High Scalability
DSL sky iInternet offers you higher upstream and downstream bit rates, where it works
independently from the existing terrestrial infrastructure.
Easy and Fast Setup
Sky IP is an easy and fast technology to setup, which can be fully deployed within 1-2 days

Wide area network
A wide area network (WAN) is a computer network that covers a large geographic area such as a
city and country even intercontinental distances, using a communications channel that combines
many types of media such as telephone lines, and cables. A WAN often uses transmission
facilities provided by common carriers, such as telephone companies. WAN technologies
generally function at the lower three layers of the OSI reference model: the physical layer, the
data link layer, and the network layer.
STC support this service by using Aamal Net , this services provides a comprehensive business
management internet package (basic package) which includes ADSL connectivity and
professional router with service remote management to meet your different business needs.
Aamal Net Benefits:
High Flexibility
Aamal Net provides businesses with the power to control the expenses through manageable
monthly fees on their phone bills, without the need to pay high fees one time.
Complete Service
Aamal Net offers businesses all connection requirements without the need to deal with
different entities to provide them with vital broadband services.
Managed Services
Aamal Net allows businesses to focus on their core competencies and leave the technicalities
to a professional team, ensuring high quality services, to meet expectations and to secure
transactions within a firewall.
High Speed Connectivity
Aamal Net is distinguished by business internet connectivity from any existing offers through
delivering an exceptional performance for up to 20 users.
Aamal Net Consists Of:




o
o

Internet access via DSL.
Firewall.
Integrated professional business router with wireless features.
Static IP
Intrusion Prevention System (IPS).
Virtual Private Network (VPN) capabilities.
Campus network
A campus area network (CAN) is a computer network made up of an interconnection of LANs
within a limited geographical area. The networking equipment (switches, routers) and
transmission media (optical fiber, copper plant, Cat5 cabling etc.) are almost entirely owned by
the STC campus
In the case of a STC campus-based campus network, the network is likely to link a variety of
campus buildings including, for example, head offices or any departments.

Metropolitan area network
STC building used Metropolitan area network (MAN) to keep and control their informations.
Also STC provide this services to the government and huge company because MAN is a large
computer network that usually spans a city or a large campus, it's not cheep at all.

Enterprise private network
STC used An enterprise private network to built network by an enterprise to interconnect
various such as company sites, head offices and remote offices, in order to share computer
resources.

Virtual private network
STC offering VPN to the country because it can be used to separate the traffic of different user
communities over an underlying network with strong security features. So a VPN has a topology
more complex than point-to-point.
Quick Net- Connected Drive:~
STC provide the first car in the Region equipped with “Quick Net” service installed on a BMW 7
Series vehicle as a result of an agreement of cooperation between STC and Mohamed Yousuf
Naghi Motors, the exclusive BMW Dealer in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
BMW Connected Drive which is internet in the car is a new concept offered by BMW in its
mission to develop tomorrow’s technology for today cars.

Internetwork
An internetwork is the connection of multiple computer networks via a common routing
technology using routers

Global area network
Internet Transit Service (W3 Highway)
Service Description
STC Wholesale Internet transit service provides high performance international as well as
regional IP transit via STC internet Exchange nodes world wide. STC Internet network has
extensive connectivity with internet access points ,and various peering arrangements with major
carriers and backbone providers. Internet Transit provides connectivity to global Internet through
highly resilient and scalable network backbone. The service provides the shortest path to the
region.
Customer Benefits
1.Performance
A. Scalable, with dedicated connections to the global Internet.
B. Shortest internet path to the region
2.Reliability
High performance, fault tolerant resilient backbone with diverse East and West routing

Internet
International Internet Connectivity
Service Description
International internet connectivity service provides local operators in KSA with connectivity to
global internet hubs with which STC Wholesale has business agreement. STC Wholesale
unfiltered internet solution is a bundle of national transmission, cable station access, international
circuit, and internet connection.
Customer Benefits
STC wholesale’s international internet service provides new local operators with flexibility and
reliability at very low cost.
Scalability
*Offers a various range of capacity based on DS3 and STM-1 connections.
*Provides easy migration to higher bandwidth whenever needed.
Short Lead Time
Offers local operators access to high capacity on SMW3 and SMW4 with short lead time.
Support
-Offers proactive monitoring and management of the national and international network.
-Provides redundancy on alternative internet routes.
Envision
Only one receiver ensures you the enjoyment of entertainment and watching in the highest
degree of clarity and accuracy, for whatever your tendencies are, only Envision will meet them
all through a carefully selected packages to befit different age categories, in an exclusive unique
advantages and choices such as previewing programs and movies on demand, temporal pause of
displayed show, re-watching programs that was transmitted during the last 7 days, programs'
search and full programs' control to ensure safe and sound watching for the entire family.
INVISION Receiver Features:~
-Can receive free and encrypted TV channels via IPTV.
-Has a hard disk of 160GB storage capacity.
-Can receive free channels only via satellite dish.
INVISION Remote Control Features:~
Multipurpose, enabling you to control the INVISION device, the TV, the DVD player, and any
other device.
FREE Wi-Fi with STC Broadband
STC gives you Free unlimited Wi-Fi with many of our broadband packages. That means you can
access wireless internet when out and about on your iPhone, iPad, laptop or any other way you
want to connect to the internet.

Intranets and extranets
Intranets and extranets are parts or extensions of a computer network, usually a LAN.
STC’s advanced MPLS network consists of the terabit capacity edge and core routers, full mesh
redundant ultra high bandwidth links.
MPLS IP-VPN Service (Future Today)
Service Description:
MPLS IP-VPN provides end-to-end connectivity and allows intranet, extranet and remote access
capabilities. STC provides national and international MPLS network connectivity for clients in
Saudi Arabia as well as in foreign countries.
STC MPLS Network:~
STC MPLS offers varying levels of access to STC’s MPLS network which has the capability to
deliver voice, data and video traffic using QoS/CoS to other locations. STC’s National MPLS
offers wide geographic coverage nationally and internationally. International connectivity is
enhanced thought key partnerships with top tire carries.
MPLS has become the de-facto standard for site-to-site over virtual private networks (VPNs)
worldwide. By choosing an appropriate QoS/CoS, a customer can prioritize its applications to
ensure optimum performance. MPLS service provides flexible any-to-any connectivity with
transmission speeds selected by STC customers. This service provides private connectivity– for
example:
Intranet: for interconnecting company sites across international boundaries.
Extranet: for interconnecting and sharing resources for B-2-B or B-2-C across international
boundaries.

Overlay network
For example, many peer-to-peer networks are overlay networks because they are organized as
nodes of a virtual system of links run on top of the Internet. The Internet was initially built as an
overlay on the telephone network.
Network Classification

Network architecture:
Network architecture is the design of a communications network.
1. Active networking: It consists of active hardware, capable of routing or
switching as well as executing code within active packets.
2. Client-server: A network architecture in which each computer or process on
the network is either a client or a server. Servers are powerful computers or
processes dedicated to managing disk drives (file servers), printers (print
servers), or network traffic (networkservers ). Clients are PCs or workstations
on which users run applications. Clients rely on servers for resources, such as
files, devices, and even processing power.
3. Peer-to-peer: computers are dedicated to serving the others.STC this kind of
networking in sharing files without the need central server.

Network topology:
A topology refers to the manner in which the cable is run to individual workstations on
the network.
1. Ring topology: arranges for computers to be connected in a closed loop
2. Mesh topology: provides a direct connection between each pair of computers
3. Star topology: all computers attach to a central point
4. Bus topology: usually consists of a single cable to which computers attach.
(drector, 2006)
Security Issue:
•
Firewalls
It is a software-based that is used to help keep a network secure. Its primary objective is
to control the incoming and outgoing network traffic by analyzing the data packets and
determining whether it should be allowed through or not.
•
Security technology
STC’s security is based on its firewalls. It uses the firewalls technology to protect the
users’ accounts, so that only employees can access these accounts. In addition, it uses the
authentication technology in order to protect the accounts from unauthorized people.
•
Encryption
Encryption is the conversion of data into a form, called a cipher text, which cannot be
easily understood by unauthorized people.
•
Authentication
In private and public networks authentication is commonly done through the use of login
passwords or passphrases; knowledge of such is assumed to guarantee that the user is
authentic. Thus, when you are asked to "authenticate" to a system, it usually means that
you enter your username and/or password for that system.
Basic hardware components
Computer is a complex system built from multiple components. Having some knowledge about
these components will help you build your own computer or choose the right parts for a
computer upgrade. Each component has a certain role in a PC, and a PC’s top performance is
usually limited to the performance of its slowest component such as Memory, Hard Disk, Drive
Video Card, Sound Card, and the important one Network Card.
Network interface cards
A network card, network adapter, or NIC (network interface card) is a piece of computer
hardware designed to allow computers to physically access a networking medium. It provides a
low-level addressing system through the use of MAC addresses.
Each Ethernet network interface has a unique MAC address which is usually stored in a small
memory device on the card, allowing any device to connect to the network without creating an
address conflict. Ethernet MAC addresses are composed of six octets. Uniqueness is maintained
by the IEEE, which manages the Ethernet address space by assigning 3-octet prefixes to
equipment manufacturers. The list of prefixes is publicly available. Each manufacturer is then
obliged to both use only their assigned prefix(es) and to uniquely set the 3-octet suffix of every
Ethernet interface they produce.
Ethernet
So STC provide VPLS ..~
Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) enables customers to connect multiple sites together by
creating “Any-to-Any” Layer 2 tunneling Virtual Private Network (VPN). Furthermore, VPLS
supports multiple enterprise applications including voice, video, data and internet.
Service Benefits:~
1. High Availability
VPLS through VPN provides “Any-to-Any” connectivity over Ethernet. Therefore, all the
corporate sites appear to be on the same LAN, regardless of their location.
2. High Flexibility
VPLS allows business to use any routing protocol.
3. High Efficiency
VPLS enables business communications to be transported via non-IP protocols.
Additionally, VPLS enhances businesses through offering broadcast and multicast
applications.
Service Details:~
VPLS Technicality
Advanced data service is utilized through the use of Layer 2 over STC’s Multiprotocol Label
Switching (MPLS) network
VPLS Applications Usage:~
A. Financial applications.
B. Stock market.
C. Tele-training.
D. E-Learning.
E. Video surveillance systems.
Gigabit Ethernet
Gigabit Ethernet NICs give network transfer speeds of up to one Gigabit per second. These cards
attach to PC using same means as before mentioned, though, they are much more likely to be
formed for PCIe slots. These NICs can use Category 5, 5e, 6, and 7 cabling, with a preference for
latter. Though, these NICs are more frequently created to use fiber optic cables for utilize in
enterprise solutions like web servers or data storage centers.
Fiber Optics
Main network infrastructures like tier 1 and 2 Internet backbones need more controlling NICs.
Fiber optic NICs consume fiber optic cabling to achieve speeds of 10 gigabits per second, with a
requirement below review to push this limit to 100 gigabits per second. These NICs are
frequently, though not always, exterior devices that attach to servers or workstations by an internetworking plane which gives a lower connective speed to individual devices like 100 Mb/s.
These NICs are a significant financial investment and need much service and maintenance.
FTTH service:~
STC is the first in the Kingdom providing fiber optics to the home (FTTH)
which is real internet in the home with high record speeds ranging from 40 to
100 mb based on the package and with an attachment speed reaching10 mb.
Wireless NICs
Wireless NICs give similar networking capabilities as wired counterparts, though they have their
own transfer capabilities. Speeds of 54 Mb/s are usually available to wireless NICs without
teaming some NICs together to mix bandwidths. These NICs, though give for wireless
networking that permits for freedom in PC topology and installation. 3G Multi SIM and Wifi are
the best servisses that STC offerd.
Wireless Dongles
There is a wireless networking device utilized by individual machines that have access to a main
PC that is attached to a wireless router. This wireless router permits user to install wireless
dongles rather than whole routers with every extra machine on network. These devices attach by
ether connectors to a standard Ethernet card; though, they are common in a USB compatible
connective specification. This connectivity through USB permits for real time plug and play
installation without financial load of buying many wireless routers per machine
QUICK net's:~
STC continues to provide us with the best offers, such as QUICK net's
General Features:~
1. High-speed connection to the Internet
2. Supports all document-linking applications available through JAWALNET (GPRS/EDGE/
3G/ HSDPA)
3. Sending and receiving SMS
4. Saving and managing address book menus
5. Detailed information about the type of calls (call type, duration, speed of receiving and
sending) as well as the size of received and sent documents.
Repeaters and hubs
A repeater is an electronic device that receives a signal, cleans it of unnecessary noise,
regenerates it, and retransmits it at a higher power level, or to the other side of an obstruction, so
that the signal can cover longer distances without degradation. In most twisted pair Ethernet
configurations, repeaters are required for cable that runs longer than 100 meters. A repeater with
multiple ports is known as a hub. Repeaters work on the Physical Layer of the OSI model.
Repeaters require a small amount of time to regenerate the signal. This can cause a propagation
delay which can affect network communication when there are several repeaters in a row.
WAN stands for Wide Area Network and allows the hub to connect to other networks, typically
other switches or “upstream” connections. When you use a hardware router to share a high-speed
Internet connection (cable, DSL, etc.), you typically connect the high-speed modem to the
router’s WAN port.
Bridges:
Direct dialing allows companies to bridge the gap between customers and them. Also STC
provide service which is:
” DID/DOD”
1. Exceptional Free Offering
Direct dialing enables subscribers to obtain a special number within the assigned numbers at
no cost. Additionally, direct dialing provides free internal calls between extensions, with
unlimited local call included.
2. Cost Effective
Direct dialing enables more employees to be provided with direct dialing and call receiving
capabilities with fewer numbers of links to exchange.
3. Increase Productivity
Direct dialing allows companies to bridge the gap between customers and their internal
department and eliminate long holding times, thus maximizing their customers' satisfaction and
improve their efficiency and productivity.
Switches
A network switch or switching hub is a computer networking device that connects network
segments or network devices. Switches are also 'intelligent', but are able to handle more than 2
ports and are able to handle more than 2 communications at the same time:
When a transmission comes in on one port, the switch looks at the MAC addresses to determine,
onto which port to send it out.Also Switches WAN stands for Wide Area Network and allows the
hub to connect to other networks, typically other switches or “upstream” connections. When you
use a hardware router to share a high-speed Internet connection (cable, DSL, etc.), you typically
connect the high-speed modem to the router’s WAN port.
Routers
A router is an internetworking device that forwards packets between networks by processing
information found in the datagram or packet (Internet protocol information from Layer 3 of the
OSI Model). In many situations, this information is processed in conjunction with the routing
table (also known as forwarding table). STC Routers use routing tables to determine what
interface to forward packets (this can include the "null" also known as the "black hole" interface
because data can go into it, however, no further processing is done for said data).
The most familiar type of routers on STC are home and small office routers that simply pass
data, such as web pages and email, between the home computers and the owner's cable or DSL
modem, which connects to the Internet through an ISP. More sophisticated routers, such as
enterprise routers, connect large business or ISP networks up to the powerful core routers that
forward data at high speed along the optical fiber lines of the Internet backbone.
References
(n.d.). Retrieved May 8, 2012, from computerhope:
http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/n/nic.htm
David D. Clark, "M.I.T. Campus Network Implementation", CCNG-2, Campus Computer
Network Group, M.I.T., Cambridge, 1982; pp. 26.
Robert J. Kohlhepp (2000-10-02). "The 10 Most Important Products of the Decade". Network
Computing. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
Rouse, M. (2006, July). Retrieved May 10, 2012, from techtarget:
http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/definition/encryption
Vemuri, L. R. (2007, May). Retrieved May 8, 2012, from theiia.org:
http://www.theiia.org/intAuditor/itaudit/archives/2007/may/what-is-authentication/