Evolutionary Dynamics of Seed Size and Seedling Competitive Ability

Evolutionary Dynamics of Seed Size
and Seedling Competitive Ability
Geritz, S.A.H., Meijden, E. van der and Metz, J.A.J.
IIASA Interim Report
October 1997
Geritz, S.A.H., Meijden, E. van der and Metz, J.A.J. (1997) Evolutionary Dynamics of Seed Size and Seedling Competitive
Ability. IIASA Interim Report. IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria, IR-97-071 Copyright © 1997 by the author(s).
http://pure.iiasa.ac.at/5224/
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Tel: +43 2236 807 • Fax: +43 2236 71313 • E-mail: [email protected] • Web: www.iiasa.ac.at
INTERIM REPORT
IR-97-071/October
Evolutionary Dynamics of Seed Size
and Seedling Competitive Ability
S.A.H. Geritz ([email protected])
E. van der Meijden ([email protected])
J.A.J. Metz ([email protected])
Approved by
Ulf Dieckmann ([email protected])
Project Coordinator, Adaptive Dynamics Network
Interim Reports on work of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis receive only
limited review. Views or opinions expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of the
Institute, its National Member Organizations, or other organizations supporting the work.
IIASA STUDIES IN ADAPTIVE DYNAMICS
ADN
NO. 19
The Adaptive Dynamics Network at
IIASA fosters the development of
new mathematical and conceptual techniques for understanding the evolution
of complex adaptive systems.
Focusing on these long-term implications of adaptive processes in
systems of limited growth, the Adaptive Dynamics Network brings together
scientists and institutions from around
the world with IIASA acting as the
central node.
Scientific progress within the network
is reported in the IIASA Studies in
Adaptive Dynamics series.
THE ADAPTIVE DYNAMICS NETWORK
The pivotal role of evolutionary theory in life sciences derives from its capability
to provide causal explanations for phenomena that are highly improbable in the
physicochemical sense. Yet, until recently, many facts in biology could not be
accounted for in the light of evolution. Just as physicists for a long time ignored
the presence of chaos, these phenomena were basically not perceived by biologists.
Two examples illustrate this assertion. Although Darwin’s publication of “The Origin of Species” sparked off the whole evolutionary revolution, oddly enough, the
population genetic framework underlying the modern synthesis holds no clues to speciation events. A second illustration is the more recently appreciated issue of jump
increases in biological complexity that result from the aggregation of individuals into
mutualistic wholes.
These and many more problems possess a common source: the interactions of
individuals are bound to change the environments these individuals live in. By closing
the feedback loop in the evolutionary explanation, a new mathematical theory of the
evolution of complex adaptive systems arises. It is this general theoretical option
that lies at the core of the emerging field of adaptive dynamics. In consequence a
major promise of adaptive dynamics studies is to elucidate the long-term effects of the
interactions between ecological and evolutionary processes.
A commitment to interfacing the theory with empirical applications is necessary
both for validation and for management problems. For example, empirical evidence
indicates that to control pests and diseases or to achieve sustainable harvesting of
renewable resources evolutionary deliberation is already crucial on the time scale of
two decades.
The Adaptive Dynamics Network has as its primary objective the development of
mathematical tools for the analysis of adaptive systems inside and outside the biological
realm.
IIASA STUDIES IN ADAPTIVE DYNAMICS
No. 1
Metz JAJ, Geritz SAH, Meszéna G, Jacobs FJA, van Heerwaarden JS:
Adaptive Dynamics: A Geometrical Study of the Consequences of Nearly
Faithful Reproduction.
IIASA Working Paper WP-95-99.
van Strien SJ, Verduyn Lunel SM (eds.): Stochastic and Spatial Structures of Dynamical
Systems, KNAW Verhandelingen, North Holland, Amsterdam, pp. 183-231 (1996).
No. 2
Dieckmann U, Law R:
The Dynamical Theory of Coevolution: A Derivation from Stochastic
Ecological Processes.
IIASA Working Paper WP-96-01.
Journal of Mathematical Biology (1996) 34, 579–612.
No. 3
Dieckmann U, Marrow P, Law R:
Evolutionary Cycling of Predator-Prey Interactions: Population Dynamics
and the Red Queen.
Journal of Theoretical Biology (1995) 176, 91–102.
No. 4
Marrow P, Dieckmann U, Law R:
Evolutionary Dynamics of Predator-Prey Systems: An Ecological
Perspective.
IIASA Working Paper WP-96-02.
Journal of Mathematical Biology (1996) 34, 556–578.
No. 5
Law R, Marrow P, Dieckmann U:
On Evolution under Asymmetric Competition.
IIASA Working Paper WP-96-03.
Evolutionary Ecology (1997) 11, 485–501.
No. 6
Metz JAJ, Mylius SD, Diekmann O:
When Does Evolution Optimise? On the Relation between Types of Density
Dependence and Evolutionarily Stable Life History Parameters.
IIASA Working Paper WP-96-04.
No. 7
Ferrière R, Gatto M:
Lyapunov Exponents and the Mathematics of Invasion in Oscillatory or
Chaotic Populations.
Theoretical Population Biology (1995) 48, 126–171.
No. 8
Ferrière R, Fox GA:
Chaos and Evolution.
Trends in Ecology and Evolution (1995) 10, 480–485.
No. 9
Ferrière R, Michod RE:
The Evolution of Cooperation in Spatially Heterogeneous Populations.
IIASA Working Paper WP-96-29.
American Naturalist (1996) 147, 692–717.
No. 10
Van Dooren TJM, Metz JAJ:
Delayed Maturation in Temporally Structured Populations with NonEquilibrium Dynamics.
IIASA Working Paper WP-96-70.
Journal of Evolutionary Biology (1997) in press.
No. 11
Geritz SAH, Metz JAJ, Kisdi E, Meszéna G:
The Dynamics of Adaptation and Evolutionary Branching.
IIASA Working Paper WP-96-77.
Physical Review Letters (1997) 78, 2024–2027.
No. 12
Geritz SAH, Kisdi E, Meszéna G, Metz JAJ:
Evolutionarily Singular Strategies and the Adaptive Growth and Branching
of the Evolutionary Tree.
IIASA Working Paper WP-96-114.
Evolutionary Ecology (1997) in press.
No. 13
Heino M, Metz JAJ, Kaitala V:
Evolution of Mixed Maturation Strategies in Semelparous Life-Histories:
the Crucial Role of Dimensionality of Feedback Environment.
IIASA Working Paper WP-96-126.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B (1997) in press.
No. 14
Dieckmann U:
Can Adaptive Dynamics Invade?
IIASA Working Paper WP-96-152.
Trends in Ecology and Evolution (1997) 12, 128–131.
No. 15
Meszéna G, Czibula I, Geritz SAH:
Adaptive Dynamics in a Two-Patch Environment: a Simple Model for
Allopatric and Parapatric Speciation.
IIASA Interim Report IR-97-01.
Journal of Biological Systems (1997) in press.
No. 16
Heino M, Metz JAJ, Kaitala V:
The Enigma of Frequency-Dependent Selection.
IIASA Interim Report IR-97-61.
No. 17
Heino M:
Management of Evolving Fish Stocks.
IIASA Interim Report IR-97-62.
No. 18
Heino M:
Evolution of Mixed Reproductive Strategies in Simple Life-History Models.
IIASA Interim Report IR-97-63.
No. 19
Geritz SAH, van der Meijden E, Metz JAJ:
Evolutionary Dynamics of Seed Size and Seedling Competitive Ability.
IIASA Interim Report IR-97-71.
No. 20
Galis F, Metz JAJ:
Why are there so many Cichlid Species? On the Interplay of Speciation
and Adaptive Radiation.
IIASA Interim Report IR-97-72.
Trends in Ecology and Evolution (1997) in press.
No. 21
Boerlijst MC, Nowak MA, Sigmund K:
Equal Pay for all Prisoners. / The Logic of Contrition.
IIASA Interim Report IR-97-73.
AMS Monthly (1997) 104, 303–307.
Theoretical Biology (1997) 185, 281–294.
No. 22
Law R, Dieckmann U:
Symbiosis without Mutualism and the Merger of Lineages in Evolution.
IIASA Interim Report IR-97-74.
No. 23
Klinkhamer PGL, de Jong TJ, Metz JAJ:
Sex and Size in Cosexual Plants.
IIASA Interim Report IR-97-78.
Trends in Ecology and Evolution (1997) 12, 260–265.
Issues of the IIASA Studies in Adaptive Dynamics series can be obtained free of
charge. Please contact:
Adaptive Dynamics Network
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis
Schloßplatz 1
A–2361 Laxenburg
Austria
Telephone +43 2236 807, Telefax +43 2236 71313, E-Mail [email protected],
Internet http://www.iiasa.ac.at/Research/ADN
Contents
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Evolutionary Dynamics of Seed Size
and Seedling Competitive Ability
S.A.H. Geritz
E. van der Meijden
J.A.J. Metz
Introduction
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