Integrated domestication strategy
of Allanblackia; A detailed
example from Tanzania
Presentation made at the SII Training
workshop on Allanblackia Domestication
Nairobi Kenya
October 23rd 2006
Fidelis Rutatina
Why IDS
– AB
cultivation/domesticati
on strategy to address
this gap.
AB production in Tanzania, conseravtive Plan Vs
Actual
Tones of AB seeds
• AB seeds volume
supply far below the
current demand of
6000 tones of seeds
per year.
1500
1000
500
0
2004 2005 2006 2007 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Years
estmate
Actual
Why IDS…
• Sustainability of supply chain
– Less dependence from wild
harvesting
– Gap between Novella two
targets and actual needs to be
closed faster, while
– Kg per farmer increased from
65kg (2004) for 655 farmers to
81kg in Muheza district.(3449
farmers) in 2005.
– To get the minimum of 150kg
needs to double effortscultivation(5trees/farmer),then
closer to 1Ktone.
Novella 2 original assumptions
Actual
Year
Amount of
seeds Kg
per farmer
Origin
Actual Kg
per farmer
2006
150
Wild
picking
68-92
2011
1000
Wild and
Agro
forestry
2015
9000
95% from
Agro
forestry
Why IDS
• Significant contribution to
poverty alleviation and
genda equity
– By 2006 the best district
earned average of 10USD
per farmer
– This needs to increase to
more than 70USD per
farmer in 3 months of
production per year.
– With per capital income of
300USD this is significant.
– To get 70USD needs
domestication.
Why IDS
• Address biodiversity
issues
– Trees diversification
on the farmland
– Enrichment planting
– Improvement of stock
materials
– Gene conservation
• Add value to AB tree
conservation
Management and coordination
• Working in
Partnership
NGOs
Faida MaLi,
INADES,
ICA
TFCG
Private ( Unilever)
FARMERS
(6,000)
Public
-UNDP/(GSB)
-DFID
-SNV
-ICRAF
-Govt. Institutions
-ANR
-TAFORI
-Local admin.
Management and coordination
• Role of partners
– Public partners
• Funding of activities e.g.
UNDP,DFID,ICRAF
• Research and
developmentICRAF,ANR,TAFORI
• Extension servicesANR,ICRAF, Local
governments
• Central and private village
nurseries harmonizationANR, ICRAF,TAFORI
• Facilitation and capacity
building: UNDP,SNV
Management and coordination
• Role of NGOS
– Capacity building and
empowerment
• Training
• Awareness creation
– Extension
– Genda
– Farmer groups
formation and
development
– Work with local
governments
Management and coordination
• Role of private sector
–
–
–
–
Market assurance
Coordinate partnership
Work with farmers
Fund mobilization and
publicity
– Developing supply
chain
– Organise partner
planning and
evaluation meetings.
Management and coordination- the working practice
Domestication, EIA, Social studies
Faida,TFCG,ICA,
INADES,Unilever,SNV,
Domestication group
MANAGED BY
PARTNER NGOS
MANAGED BY UNILEVER
Detailed roles
Tasks of Unilever:
guarantee the long-term market at certain price
control the quality of the supply chain
develop valuable market for Allanblackia
get food clearance
pay for part of the start-up costs
initiate the build-up of local supply chain
Supports the research on Allanblackia
domestication
get agreement on sustainability guidelines for AB
ensure measurable contributions to poverty
reduction
ensure positive contributions to biodiversity
Coordination and management
• Tasks of NGO’s
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
lead the community work
ensure poverty alleviation goals are met
ensure farmers and small businesses get a fair deal
focus on side-effects: gender issues - child labour corruption a.s.o.
assist in building relations with rulers and
government
help to live by the law
use synergies between this project and other
development goals
monitor adherence to sustainability guidelines
help implement smallholder plantations
work towards a stable supply chain without NGO
support
Partnership history
• Meeting held in October-2003
Unilever,Faida,TFCG and came up with
work plan.-Founder partners
• MoU agreed and signed
• Two follow up meetings held in November
2003 and February 2004
• The work implemented
Implementation strategy
development-History
• 1st Evaluation meeting 2004.
• More partners on board (ICA,
INADES,ANR, TAFORI)
– Contact of partners through SNV networks,
others by presence in project areas.
– Potential partners attend evaluation meeting
– At the end do self evaluation on how to fit.
Self assessment of
stakeholders
•How do you see your organization contributing
towards the goals/objectives of the project?
•How would collaboration for AB nut production
contribute towards the objectives of your
organization
•Which activities would you be able to undertake?
and how would you undertake them?
•What are the specific threats/capacities of your
organization to undertake these activities?
•What human and financial resources would you
commit to these activities?
Working together
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Agreed work plan
Guiding MoU
Quarterly meeting
Sharing information-emails, phone call etc
Field visits/office visits
Evaluation meetings
Unilever coordinates.
All report on progress and share field
experience/Research findings
• Resources contribution as per work plan
• Fund raising
Plan for seedling production
Task
Timing
Who? (and others e.g. Forest Dept)
1
Prepare nursery training materials
Oct to Nov 05
ICRAF, ANR, TFCG, ARI, TAFORI
2
Training in nursery management
Nov to Dec 05
ANR, TFCG, TAFORI, FM, ICA,
3
Prepare shaded nursery beds (3-4m2)
Jan to Mar 06
Nursery operator
4
Collect and pre-treat seeds
Dec 05 to Feb 06
ICRAF, ANR, TFCG, TAFORI, ARI
5
Distribute/ supervise sowing 15kgs pre-treated seeds
Jan 06 to Mar 06
ANR, TFCG, TAFORI,Nursery operator
6
Water and monitor beds
Mar 06 to
Nursery operator, ANR, TFCG, TAFORI,
7
Check on progress and distribute polybags
Mar 06 to Sep 06
ANR, TFCG, TAFORI, UNILEVER
8
Fill 200 polybags, prepare shaded 2-3 m2 shaded area
Sep 06 & Mar 07
Nursery operator
9
Prick out germinants/emergents
Sep 06 & Mar 07
Nursery operator; ANR, TFCG, TAFORI
10
Pay nursery operators on transplants (TSh 150)
Oct 06 & Apr 07
ANR, TFCG, TAFORI,FM, INADES,
ICA,UNILEVER
11
Check on nursery progress
Oct 06 onwards
ANR, TFCG, TAFORI, UNILEVER
12
Prepare cultivation guidelines
Sep 06
ICRAF, ANR, TFCG, ARI, TAFORI
13
Identify and sensitise farmers to plant seedlings
Nov to Dec 06
ANR, TFCG, TAFORI,FM, INADES, ICA
14
Collect and pay for seedlings (Tsh350)
Mar 07 & Oct 07
ANR, TFCG, TAFORI,FM, INADES, ICA
15
Distribute seedlings, enter in agreements on subsidies
Mar 07 & Oct 07
ANR, TFCG, TAFORI,FM, INADES, ICA
16
Supervise planting
Mar 07 & Oct 07
ANR, TFCG, TAFORI, UNILEVER
17
Monitor progress, back-up advice
Mar 07 onwards
ANR, TFCG, TAFORI,UNILEVER
18
Pay annual subsidy
Mar & Oct 08
then annual x3
FM, INADES, ICA,UNILEVER
Vegetative Propagules Plan
Oct 2005 - start negotiating with farmers to cut elite females
- collect all info, GPS, passport data
- test run on 10 trees (ANR, TAFORI, ARI)
Feb 2006 – cut trees, pay up front 20,000 Tz Sh
Mar 2006 – build propagators (400 cuttings per propagator)
- 10 propagators (ANR), 10 propagators (TAFORI), 4 propagators (ARI)
Sep 2006 – harvest cuttings, set in propagators (no auxin needed)
Mar 2007 – transplant cuttings to polybags
Sep 2007 – field plant (pay 1000 Tz Sh per rooted cutting)
Current status
• Establish
– central nurseries, one at
ANR
– village nurseries
– Individual nurseries
• Prepare 100 mother trees
• Pre-treat seeds with GA
• Train and make
propagators
• Establish Gene bank
But also
• Managed to graft
• 4 out of five success
Current state of knowledge
• Partnership management –strength and
gaps.
• Better knowledge on seedling
establishment compared 2004/2005
• Cuttings establishment apart from cut
mother tree
• Field planting survival after 1 year (>90%)
if not stolen by farmers.
• It is possible to graft
Difficult arisen and lesson learnt
• Longer germination period and germination percentage
• GA-3 impact not yet realised after 7months( no
germination noticed but dying seeds)
• Coppicing of cut trees is two years not one year
expected. 60% shooted for Sept.2007 harvesting
cuttings.
• Planning without funds in hand could be a barrier.
• Need for readjustment to strategic plans and go for five
years plan as focus was on one year delivery
Specific lesson leant for practical
deployment of AB initiative
• Clear planning with defined and shared
responsibilities; what ,who, when and how to do
it.(partnership coordination)
• Optimal allocation of resources is critical
• Production and research moving parallel, some
times production is faster
• Created demand for plants to farmers needs to
be managed at the current level of high
motivation. Can we manage?
• Let us have >100,000/yr improved AB in 06&07
planted in Tanzania.
By implementing what we planned, AB is a future cash cow
The Cash Cow
Thank you
The End