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About this publication
What have WTO accessions contributed to the rules-based multilateral trading system? What demands have been
made by original WTO members on acceding governments? How have the acceding governments fared? This volume
of essays offers critical readings on how WTO accession negotiations have expanded the reach of the multilateral
trading system not only geographically but also conceptually, clarifying disciplines and pointing the way to their
further strengthening in future negotiations. Members who have acceded since the WTO was established now account
for twenty per cent of total WTO membership. In the age of globalization there is an increased need for a universal
system of trade rules. Accession negotiations have been used by governments as an instrument for domestic reforms,
and one lesson from the accession process is that there are contexts which lead multilateral trade negotiations to
successful outcomes even in the complex and multi-polar twenty-first century economic environment.
“
This book seeks to tell the story of WTO accessions and show the
importance of our work in this area. Over fifty contributors from inside
and outside the WTO assess the results of our efforts and how they
have served the trading system. As a result, these pages contain a mix
of analysis, experience and lessons for the future. They highlight the
value of accessions in increasing market access, supporting domestic
reforms and contributing to rule making in the WTO.
Roberto Azevêdo
WTO Director-General
Contents
List of contributors
Foreword ROBERTO AZEVÊDO
Acknowledgements
List of abbreviations
Editors’ Note
21
PART I
WTO accessions, the trading system and the global economy
23
1
A reflection on accessions as the WTO turns twenty
3
The 2013 WTO accession of Lao PDR: specific commitments
and the integration of least-developed countries into the global economy
KHEMMANI PHOLSENA AND BUAVANH VILAVONG
The 2013 WTO accession of Tajikistan: experience of a
landlocked economy in a changing regional economic
configuration
SAIDRAHMON NAZRIEV
24
The 2014 WTO accession of Yemen: accession negotiations as
an instrument for domestic reforms, national security and
international cooperation
URI DADUSH
SAADALDEEN ALI BIN TALIB
The WTO and the global economy: contemporary challenges and
possible responses
BERNARD M. HOEKMAN
4
MAXIM MEDVEDKOV AND DMITRY LYAKISHEV
22
Developments in the global economy and trading system
effects: the transformation of world trade
URI DADUSH AND CHIEDU OSAKWE
2
The 2012 WTO accession of Russia: negotiating experience –
challenges, opportunities and post-accession approaches
The structural reform implications of WTO accession
PART IV
Working party chairpersons’ perspectives on
accession negotiations
MONA HADDAD, CLAIRE H. HOLLWEG AND ALBERTO PORTUGAL-PEREZ
5
The macroeconomic implications of WTO accession
25
6
The future of Asia: unleashing the power of trade and governance
26
EMIL P. BOLONGAITA AND MAIKA OSHIKAWA
7
Eurasian Economic Union integration: timetable, priorities and
challenges
WTO accessions: what does the academic literature say?
ALEXEI KIREYEV AND MUSTAPHA SEKKATE
A podium perspective: experiences and challenges of chairing a
working party
STEFÁN H. JÓHANNESSON
27
ANDREY SLEPNEV
8
Facilitating accessions: the role of the working party chairperson
CLYDE KULL
ALEXEI KIREYEV
Are there different rules for least-developed countries in a
rule-based system?
STEFFEN SMIDT
28
Managing the challenge of acceding post-conflict states
JOAKIM REITER
PART II
Overview: systemic outcomes from accessions
9
Contributions and lessons from WTO accessions: the present
and future of the rules-based multilateral trading system
PART V
Salient features in WTO Accession Protocols
29
10
WTO rule-making: WTO Accession Protocols and jurisprudence
30
The evolution of the GATT/WTO Accession Protocol: legal
tightening and domestic ratification
31
PETRA BESLAĆ AND CHIEDU OSAKWE
PART III
Members’ perspectives on accession negotiations
Original members
12
WTO accessions from a member’s perspective: safeguarding
the rules-based system
WTO accessions: a market access perspective on growth
– the approach of the European Union
14
WTO accessions: a rules perspective on growth
– the approach of the European Union
34
35
The 2001 WTO accession of China: negotiating experience –
challenges, opportunities and post-accession approaches
39
The 2004 WTO accession of Cambodia: negotiating priorities
and experience – growth and integration eleven years later
CHAM PRASIDH
19
The 2008 WTO accession of Ukraine: negotiating experience
– challenges, opportunities and post-accession approaches
VALERIY PYATNITSKIY AND SVITLANA ZAITSEVA
20
The year 2012: WTO accession of Montenegro – why did we
apply to join? Priorities and results
GORAN ŠĆEPANOVIĆ AND DANIJELA GAČEVIĆ
Intellectual property rights protection: the plus/minus debate
from a least-developed country perspective – sense and nonsense
ALEXANDRA BHATTACHARYA AND JOAN LAKER APECU
38
The future of multilateral investment rules in the WTO:
contributions from WTO accession outcomes
CHIEDU OSAKWE AND JUNEYOUNG LEE
Sanitary and phytosanitary measures: trends in accession
plurilateral negotiations
CHIEDU OSAKWE AND ANNA VARYANIK
40
THOMAS PEN-CHUNG TUNG
18
Disciplining state trading practices: lessons from WTO
accession negotiations
DIMITAR BRATANOV
37
Article XII members
The 2001 WTO accession of the Separate Customs Territory of
Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu: negotiating experience –
challenges, opportunities and approaches post-accession
Export duty commitments: the treaty dialogue and the pattern
of commitments
CHIEDU OSAKWE, DAYONG YU AND PETRA BESLAĆ
36
XIANKUN LU
17
Domestic framework for making and enforcing policies
JOSEFITA PARDO DE LEÓN AND RAFAT AL-AKHALI
JULIE-ANN GUIVARRA
16
Energy-related rules in Accession Protocols: where are they?
JUNEYOUNG LEE, AMARA OKENWA, GEORGE TEBAGANA AND PRAJWAL BARAL
RUTA ZARNAUSKAITE
WTO accession negotiations: trends and results in
agriculture plurilaterals
WTO accession and accession to the Agreement on Government
Procurement: what is the relationship? Why should WTO acceding
governments also consider GPA accession?
ROBERT D. ANDERSON AND ANNA CAROLINE MÜLLER
33
CARLOS GIMENO VERDEJO
15
WTO accession and the private sector: the nexus of rules
and market opportunities
RAJESH AGGARWAL AND CHARLOTTA FALENIUS
32
MARK LINSCOTT AND CECILIA KLEIN
13
Services market opening: salience, results and meaning
ANTONIA CARZANIGA, AIK HOE LIM AND JUNEYOUNG LEE
VALERIE HUGHES
11
Market access goods negotiations: salience, results and meaning
JÜRGEN RICHTERING, ERIC NG SHING, MUSTAPHA SEKKATE AND DAYONG YU
CHIEDU OSAKWE
Strengthening transparency in the multilateral trading system:
the contribution of the WTO accession process
PETRA BESLAĆ
PART VI
Conclusion
41
Accession Protocols as building blocks
CHIEDU OSAKWE AND URI DADUSH
Annex: Contributor biographies
Index
To qualify
for a
To be published in September 2015
33 color photos | 50 tables | 228 x 152 mm
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