Economic Trends 624 November 2005
Input-Output:
Concentration ratios for
businesses by industry in
2003
Sanjiv Mahajan
Office for National Statistics
This article presents an overview
of Concentration ratios together
with statistics produced by the
Office for National Statistics (ONS)
for 1992 to 2003 as published in
the United Kingdom Input-Output
Analyses, 2005 Edition on
19 August 2005. These estimates
are consistent with those
published in the 2005 Blue Book
and 2005 Pink Book.
The availability of Concentration
ratios provides users with an
estimate of the importance and
contribution of relatively large
businesses in each industry.
Introduction
This article provides detailed information and statistics produced by the Office for
National Statistics (ONS) covering UK concentration ratios based on the InputOutput Annual Supply and Use Tables. The availability of these statistics provides
users with an estimate of the importance of relatively large businesses in each
industry.
The focus of this article is on concentration ratios, changes that have taken place,
and the extent of the concentration. This article is not about the competitive
nature of the market structure. Concentration ratios can also provide information
regarding industry’s competitiveness and the scope for economies of scale.
The data for these analyses have been derived from the 2003 Input-Output Annual
Supply and Use Tables published by ONS in August 2005, and the 2003 ONS Annual
Business Inquiry (ABI), a key input in producing the Input-Output Annual Supply
and Use Tables.
Definition and methodology
Concentration ratios provide estimates of the extent to which the largest firms
contribute to activity in an industry. There are various methods used to measure
concentration ratios using different variables such as sales (turnover), employment,
profits, gross value added (GVA) or output.
In this article, the concentration ratios are based on ABI data for each
Input-Output (I-O) industry. The percentage of GVA contributed by the leading
businesses in each I-O industry has been calculated for the Top five businesses, and
the Top fifteen businesses, as follows:
Concentration ratio =
Sum of GVA for the largest businesses
Total GVA for industry
The Top five and Top fifteen businesses in each industry were identified by ranking
contributors to the 2003 ABI, which includes all large businesses in its sample, in
order of GVA by value. The analysis in this section also provides corresponding
concentration ratios for these businesses showing their total output, as a proportion
of total output of the industry.
Sources of information
The company information collected and shown in this article is based on reports
in the financial press and company websites, as well as already published ONS
material. For example: the ONS Sector Classification Guide, Private non-financial
corporations Sector Report, Mergers and Acquisitions releases, and previous Blue
Books. The company names and associated comments are based on published
information and do not reveal any disclosive information collected by ONS business
surveys.
52
Office for National Statistics
Economic Trends 624 November 2005
Input-Output: Concentration ratios for businesses by industry in 2003
Key messages
Figure 3
Table 6 shows for each industry, GVA and total output at
current basic prices for the top five businesses and the top
fifteen businesses, expressed as a percentage of the industry’s
GVA and total output at current basic prices, as derived from
the 2003 ABI. Also shown in Table 6 are comparative estimates
of GVA and total output at current basic prices from the 2003
Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables.
Figure 1 shows that for most industries the Top five businesses
contribute less than 30 per cent of industry GVA and total
output at current basic prices. Table 4 shows the top ten and
bottom ten industries in terms of the contribution made by
the Top five businesses.
Contribution to GVA and total output of the Top 5
businesses by industry in 2003
Contribution as a percentage
Forestry and fishing
Mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas and
water supply
Construction
Wholesale and retail trade
Transport and communication
Figure 2 shows that for most industries, the top fifteen
businesses contribute more than 30 per cent of industry GVA
and total output at current basic prices.
Business services
Total output
Education, health and
social work
Value added
Other services
Figure 1
0
Top 5 businesses contribution to GVA and total
output: Frequency distribution in 2003
100+
Value added
80<90
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Figure 3 shows that in the UK, there are wide variations
between the concentration ratios across the 123 I-O industry
groups and, for certain industries, between time periods.
Some industries include many small businesses, some of
which are run by the self-employed, and these industries have
low GVA concentration ratios. Examples of these industries
are shown in Table 1.
Contribution as a percentage
90<100
10
Total output
70<80
60<70
In the UK, there are a number of industries where a few, very
large, businesses have dominated their respective industries
for several years, and these industries have high GVA
concentration ratios. Some of these industries have many of
the characteristics of oligopolies. Examples of these industries
are shown in Table 2.
50<60
40<50
30<40
20<30
10<20
<10
0
5
10
15
Number of industries
20
25
Figure 2
Top 15 businesses contribution to GVA and total
output: Frequency distribution in 2003
Contribution as a percentage
100+
There are many industries/markets in the private sector that
have, or moved towards, oligopolistic structures as shown in
Table 3.
Table 1
Input–Output industry groups with low GVA
concentration ratios
I-O no.
Industry
1
28
31
34
48
81
88
107
114
122
Agriculture
Wearing apparel and fur products
Wood and wood products
Printing and publishing
Plastic products
Furniture
Construction
Computer services
Other business services
Other service activities
Value added
90<100
Total output
80<90
70<80
60<70
50<60
40<50
30<40
20<30
10<20
<10
0
5
10
15
Number of industries
20
25
Office for National Statistics
53
Input-Output: Concentration ratios for businesses by industry in 2003
Table 2
Input-Output industry groups with high GVA
concentration ratios
I-O no.
Industry
5
15
19
20
35
52
86
96
100
110
Oil and gas extraction
Sugar
Soft drinks and mineral waters
Tobacco products
Coke ovens, refined petroleum and nuclear fuel
Cement, lime and plaster
Gas distribution
Air transport
Banking and finance
Accountancy services
Table 3
Examples of sectors with large businesses
Sector
Name of business
Oil & gas extraction
British Gas, BP, ConocoPhillips,
ExxonMobil, Shell
British Sugar, Tate & Lyle
Coca Cola, Cadbury Schweppes
Allied Domecq, Carlsberg Tetley,
Diageo, Interbrew,
Scottish & Newcastle
Astra-Zeneca, Eli Lilly,
GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer
Proctor & Gamble, Unilever
Sugar
Soft drinks
Brewers
Pharmaceuticals
Food & personal-care
products
Steel manufacturing
Electrical retail
Food retail
Home DIY
Airport operator
Mobile phone
networks
Airlines
Banks
Accountancy
Source: See ‘Sources of information’
54
Office for National Statistics
Corus
Kesa (Comet), Currys, Dixons
Asda/WalMart, Morrisons,
Sainsbury, Tesco
B&Q, Focus, Homebase
British Airports Authority
O2, Orange, T-Mobile,
Vodaphone
British Airways
Barclays, HBoS, HSBC, LloydsTSB,
Royal Bank of Scotland,
Banco Santander
Deloitte & Touche,
Ernst & Young, KPMG,
PricewaterhouseCoopers
Economic Trends 624 November 2005
Large businesses, groups and multi-nationals, can have
significant interests in a variety of industries and markets,
each of which may be oligopolistic in nature. For example, a
brewing company may manufacture goods and also have a
strong distribution side. Further examples include:
■
BP
Oil and gas extraction and
organic chemicals
■
GlaxoSmithKline
Soft drinks, mineral waters and
pharmaceuticals
■
Unilever
Food and personal-care
products
■
Cadbury Schweppes
Confectionery and soft drinks
Between 1992 and 2003, the composition of businesses in
some industries has changed radically but the industries
have still maintained relatively high concentration ratios. For
example, in the late 1980s, I-O group 77 (motor vehicles) was
dominated by large British car producers which have since
ceased production or been taken over, and the market is now
dominated by large Japanese car producers based in the UK.
Industries such as I-O group 100 (banking and finance) and
I-O group 110 (accountancy services) had high concentration
ratios in the late 1980s. Following several mergers and
takeovers, the concentration ratios for these industries have
increased.
In I-O group 100 (banking and finance), large mergers and
takeovers have increased the concentration ratios of the
industry. Examples of which include:
■
Barclays and Woolwich;
■
Banco Santander and Abbey;
■
Halifax and Bank of Scotland;
■
HSBC and Midland;
■
Lloyds and Cheltenham & Gloucester; and
■
Royal Bank of Scotland and NatWest.
However, there have also been a number of large building
society demutualisations (that is, conversion from a mutual
company to a bank). These changes have contributed to
reducing the industry’s concentration ratios. Examples of
these conversions include:
■
Abbey National;
■
Alliance and Leicester;
■
Bradford and Bingley;
■
Halifax;
■
Northern Rock; and
■
Woolwich.
Economic Trends 624 November 2005
Input-Output: Concentration ratios for businesses by industry in 2003
Table 4
Contribution to GVA and total output at current basic prices of Top 5 businesses by industry group
Top 10 industries with greatest percentage contribution by the
Top 5 businesses to GVA and total output:
Bottom 10 industries with least contribution by the Top 5
businesses to GVA and total output:
I-O no.
I-O group name
I-O no.
I-O group name
15
86
10
16
4
36
19
98
51
52
Sugar
Gas distribution
Oils and fats
Confectionery
Coal extraction
Industrial gases and dyes
Soft drinks and mineral waters
Postal and courier services
Structural clay products
Cement, lime and plaster
59
48
88
122
81
114
90
31
112
113
Metal forging, pressing, etc
Plastic products
Construction
Other service industries
Furniture
Business services
Wholesale distribution
Wood and wood products
Architectural activities and technical consultancy
Advertising
For all of these I-O groups the contribution is over 68 per cent. A few very large
players dominate all of these industries. The same can also be said of some
industries not covered in the table: I-O groups 20 (Tobacco products), 46 (Manmade fibres), 96 (Air transport) and 100 (Banking and finance).
For all of these I-O groups, the contribution is less than 11 per cent.
Table 5
Major privatisations in the UK
Year(s)
Activity
Name
Year(s)
Activity
Name
1979, 83, 87
1981, 83, 85
1981, 85
1982
1982
1982, 85
1983, 84
1983, 84
1984
1984
1984, 91, 93
1984
1985
1985, 89
Oil
Telecom
Aerospace
Chemicals
Road haulage
Oil
Hotels
Port operator
Oil
Ferry operator
Telecom
Manufacturer
Services
Manufacturer
1989
Water
1989
1990
1990, 91
Manufacturer
Banking
Electricity
1991
Electricity
1991, 95
Electricity
1992
1992
1992 to 1997
Port operator
Construction
Port operators
1986
1986
1986, 88
1987
1987
1987
1987
1987
1987
1987
1987
Banking
Gas supply
Bus operator
Airline operator
Manufacturer
Manufacturer
Airport operator
Manufacturer
Manufacturer
IT
Manufacturer
1993
1993
1994
1994, 95
1995
1996
1996
1996
1996, 97
2001
Property
Electricity
Coal
Bus operators
Leasing
Track operator
Nuclear
Engineering
Train operators
Air-traffic control
Water companies
in England and Wales
British Rail Engineering Ltd
Girobank
Electricity companies
in England and Wales
Scottish Power and
Scottish Hydro-Electric
National Power
and PowerGen
Forth Ports
PSA Projects
Some Trust Ports in Great
Britain
PSA Building Management
Northern Ireland Electricity
British Coal
London Buses
Rolling-stock companies
Railtrack
British Energy
AEA Technology
Train operating companies
National Air Traffic Services
1988
1988
1988
1989
Manufacturer
Catering
Steel producer
Finance
British Petroleum
Cable & Wireless
British Aerospace
Amersham International
National Freight Corporation
Britoil
British Rail Hotels
Associated British Ports
Enterprise Oil
Sealink
British Telecom
Jaguar
BTG
British Shipbuilders
and Naval Dockyards
TSB
British Gas
National Bus Company
British Airways
Rolls Royce
Royal Ordnance
British Airports Authority
Unipart
Leyland Bus
Istel
Leyland Truck
and Freight Rover
Rover Group
Travellers Fare
British Steel
General Practice Finance
Corporation
Source: See ‘Sources of information’
Office for National Statistics
55
Input-Output: Concentration ratios for businesses by industry in 2003
In I-O group 110 (accountancy services), the original ‘Big
Eight’ accountancy firms in the early 1990s have undergone a
number of mergers and takeovers, and have now become the
‘Big Four’. Some of these firms have sold their consultancy
businesses and now have only a small presence in the
consultancy market. However, they have a dominant market
share in auditing, corporate finance and market recovery.
This industry not only features some very large players, it also
includes a large number of small self-employed businesses
(that is, sole proprietors and partnerships).
There are many industries and companies as listed in Table 5
which have undergone privatisation and non-consolidation,
resulting in a fall in the industries’ concentration ratios.
The businesses listed in Table 5 cover a range of activities such
as manufacturing, utilities, transport, telecommunications,
services and infrastructure. Some of these businesses have
undergone subsequent mergers and takeovers generating a
rise in their respective industry’s concentration ratios.
Monopoly suppliers like the utilities, I-O groups 85
(electricity), 86 (gas) and 87 (water), and 93 (railways),
previously classified to the public corporations sector, have
been dismantled to form a host of private companies, thereby
reducing the industries’ concentration ratios.
In some cases, the non-consolidation of businesses has
generated new businesses classified to different industries. For
example, the privatisation of the railways industry was split
into train operating companies, railway rolling-stock leasing
companies and a track infrastructure company, all of which
were classified to different I-O industry groups.
Notes for interpreting charts and tables in this
section
56
■
All the Top five and Top fifteen business percentages and
rankings are based on ABI data for the UK.
■
For some I-O industry groups: they may not be covered
adequately by the ABI; estimates are supplemented from
other sources; and for a few industries there are concerns
over the quality of the ABI data. In these cases, the industry
data is not shown and has been replaced with ‘n/a’ in the
table.
■
The industry definitions shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3
exclude industries shown as ‘n/a’ in Table 6. In the analyses
for the Top five businesses, 28 I-O groups are shown as
‘n/a’. For the Top fifteen businesses, 50 I-O groups are
shown as ‘n/a’.
■
Estimates for market producers have been calculated by
deducting estimates for non-market producers (that is,
central government, local government and non-profit
institutions serving households) from the whole economy
estimates. This provides a closer comparison with the ABI
estimates used to produce Input-Output Annual Supply
and Use Tables.
■
In Table 6, FISIM is not allocated to either market
producers or non-market producers.
Office for National Statistics
Economic Trends 624 November 2005
■
Estimates of GVA and total output at current basic prices
by type of producer are in £ million. The contribution
of the Top five and the Top fifteen businesses is shown in
percentage terms.
■
The contribution of the Top five ABI contributors in each
industry to GVA and total output at current basic prices
have been ranked in order with the greatest contribution
recorded as 1 and 123 as the lowest. This ranking analysis
has not been compiled for the Top fifteen ABI contributors
due to the number of industries that have had to be
suppressed.
Acknowledgements
The members of the Current Price Input-Output Branch
listed below have developed the concentration ratios for
businesses by industry based on the 2005 Edition of the
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses and the underlying
I-O Annual Supply and Use Tables. We are very grateful to
the many individuals, both inside and outside ONS, who
provided data, analyses and a wide-range of assistance and
cooperation in producing these tables. The Current Price
Input-Output Branch members are: Rob Betts, Bob Cuthbert,
Claire Feary, Ian Gouldson, Sanjiv Mahajan, Daniel Mistry,
Neil O’Driscoll, Jeremy Okai, Joanne Penn and Amnn Rajput.
Contact
For further information concerning this article, please
contact:
Sanjiv Mahajan
Current Price Input-Output Branch
D3/12, Office for National Statistics
1 Drummond Gate
Pimlico
London SW1V 2QQ
Tel: 020 7533 5954
Fax: 020 7533 5937
E-mail: [email protected]
Economic Trends 624 November 2005
Input-Output: Concentration ratios for businesses by industry in 2003
Table 6
Concentration ratios for businesses by industry in 2003
UK Annual Business Inquiry
Industry
Top 5 businesses as a
percentage of the total
Top 15 businesses as a
percentage of the total
Ranking positions
for the Top 5
businesses
Output
Gross
Value
Added
Output
Gross
Value
Added
Output
Gross
Value
Added
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Agriculture
Forestry
Fishing
Coal extraction
Oil and gas extraction
Metal ores extraction
Other mining and quarrying
Meat processing
Fish and fruit processing
Oils and fats
n/a
n/a
17
73
55
n/a
33
n/a
33
91
n/a
n/a
17
77
61
n/a
33
n/a
39
85
n/a
n/a
24
n/a
80
n/a
62
n/a
47
98
n/a
n/a
22
n/a
87
n/a
55
n/a
55
96
n/a
n/a
69
6
15
n/a
40
n/a
41
2
n/a
n/a
70
6
15
n/a
43
n/a
40
4
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Dairy products
Grain milling and starch
Animal feed
Bread, biscuits etc
Sugar
Confectionery
Other food products
Alcoholic beverages
Soft drinks and mineral waters
Tobacco products
36
43
37
20
100
80
41
43
73
n/a
44
51
41
18
100
86
46
48
74
n/a
58
69
n/a
33
100
92
63
n/a
n/a
n/a
67
76
n/a
34
100
96
67
n/a
n/a
n/a
37
25
32
63
1
3
28
26
5
n/a
33
25
36
69
2
3
31
28
9
n/a
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Textile fibres
Textile weaving
Textile finishing
Made-up textiles
Carpets and rugs
Other textiles
Knitted goods
Wearing apparel and fur products
Leather goods
Footwear
26
26
n/a
20
22
19
n/a
n/a
27
26
25
30
n/a
18
31
20
n/a
n/a
26
25
n/a
42
n/a
33
n/a
32
n/a
n/a
n/a
45
n/a
48
n/a
31
n/a
34
n/a
n/a
n/a
43
50
48
n/a
64
60
66
n/a
n/a
46
47
54
45
n/a
68
44
62
n/a
n/a
52
58
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Wood and wood products
Pulp, paper and paperboard
Paper and paperboard products
Printing and publishing
Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
Industrial gases and dyes
Inorganic chemicals
Organic chemicals
Fertilisers
Plastics & synthetic resins etc
10
24
26
12
49
71
58
66
n/a
24
7
26
24
12
75
78
54
47
n/a
30
18
51
n/a
21
92
n/a
81
80
n/a
46
14
55
n/a
21
95
n/a
80
72
n/a
47
84
54
49
79
21
7
14
11
n/a
55
88
53
59
82
8
5
22
30
n/a
47
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
Pesticides
Paints, varnishes, printing ink etc
Pharmaceuticals
Soap and toilet preparations
Other chemical products
Man-made fibres
Rubber products
Plastic products
Glass and glass products
Ceramic goods
64
35
55
37
17
n/a
n/a
4
n/a
37
65
40
53
42
28
n/a
n/a
5
n/a
40
79
55
71
64
40
n/a
n/a
10
n/a
56
78
55
76
69
48
n/a
n/a
11
n/a
62
12
38
17
34
68
n/a
n/a
94
n/a
31
13
39
23
35
49
n/a
n/a
93
n/a
37
Office for National Statistics
57
Input-Output: Concentration ratios for businesses by industry in 2003
Economic Trends 624 November 2005
Table 6 - continued
Concentration ratios for businesses by industry in 2003
UK Annual Business Inquiry
Industry
58
Top 5 businesses as a
percentage of the total
Top 15 businesses as a
percentage of the total
Ranking positions
for the Top 5
businesses
Output
Gross
Value
Added
Output
Gross
Value
Added
Output
Gross
Value
Added
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
Structural clay products
Cement, lime and plaster
Articles of concrete, stone etc
Iron and steel
Non-ferrous metals
Metal castings
Structural metal products
Metal boilers and radiators
Metal forging, pressing, etc
Cutlery, tools etc
69
69
25
36
13
11
17
39
3
n/a
71
68
25
42
18
13
15
46
3
n/a
n/a
n/a
39
57
43
30
25
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
41
59
41
28
22
n/a
n/a
n/a
8
9
51
35
76
80
67
30
95
n/a
10
11
55
34
66
80
75
32
95
n/a
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
Other metal products
Mechanical power equipment
General purpose machinery
Agricultural machinery
Machine tools
Special purpose machinery
Weapons and ammunition
Domestic appliances nec
Office machinery & computers
Electric motors and generators etc
14
23
n/a
55
28
25
n/a
46
n/a
n/a
9
17
n/a
52
25
23
n/a
49
n/a
n/a
23
34
n/a
73
46
39
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
17
31
n/a
64
37
36
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
75
57
n/a
16
45
52
n/a
23
n/a
n/a
86
71
n/a
24
56
60
n/a
27
n/a
n/a
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
Insulated wire and cable
Electrical equipment nec
Electronic components
Transmitters for TV, radio and phone
Receivers for TV and radio
Medical and precision instruments
Motor vehicles
Shipbuilding and repair
Other transport equipment
Aircraft and spacecraft
52
11
21
n/a
31
15
29
41
49
49
56
12
38
n/a
29
18
27
51
60
62
67
23
n/a
n/a
n/a
25
56
65
67
n/a
72
25
n/a
n/a
n/a
30
46
70
75
n/a
19
81
61
n/a
43
74
44
27
20
22
19
81
41
n/a
48
67
50
26
16
14
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
Furniture
Jewellery and related products
Sports goods and toys
Miscellaneous manufacturing nec & recycling
Electricity production and distribution
Gas distribution
Water supply
Construction
Motor vehicle distribution and repair, automotive fuel retail
Wholesale distribution
6
22
23
22
46
78
53
4
16
7
5
16
27
14
60
104
55
4
19
7
14
32
41
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
9
23
11
12
21
40
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
9
26
12
90
59
56
58
24
4
18
93
73
89
92
74
51
77
17
1
20
94
63
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
Retail distribution
Hotels, catering, pubs etc
Railway transport
Other land transport
Water transport
Air transport
Ancillary transport services
Postal and courier services
Telecommunications
Banking and finance
19
13
40
16
34
n/a
9
68
58
n/a
21
14
56
19
47
n/a
17
77
67
n/a
32
22
81
24
60
n/a
28
80
73
n/a
34
24
95
28
72
n/a
28
87
82
n/a
65
77
29
72
39
n/a
86
10
13
n/a
61
78
18
64
29
n/a
73
7
12
n/a
Office for National Statistics
Economic Trends 624 November 2005
Input-Output: Concentration ratios for businesses by industry in 2003
Table 6 - continued
Concentration ratios for businesses by industry in 2003
UK Annual Business Inquiry
Industry
Top 5 businesses as a
percentage of the total
Top 15 businesses as a
percentage of the total
Ranking positions
for the Top 5
businesses
Output
Gross
Value
Added
Output
Gross
Value
Added
Output
Gross
Value
Added
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
Insurance and pension funds
Auxiliary financial services
Owning and dealing in real estate
Letting of dwellings
Estate agent activities
Renting of machinery etc
Computer services
Research and development
Legal activities
Accountancy services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
11
16
36
9
37
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
15
19
54
10
40
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
22
27
55
18
47
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
27
29
72
19
49
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
82
71
36
85
33
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
76
65
21
85
38
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
Market research, management consultancy
Architectural activities and technical consultancy
Advertising
Other business services
Public administration and defence
Education
Health and veterinary services
Social work activities
Sewage and sanitary services
Membership organisations nec
21
8
8
6
n/a
10
17
12
33
n/a
30
10
11
7
n/a
8
17
13
36
n/a
28
16
16
10
n/a
16
28
16
69
n/a
37
18
18
13
n/a
15
29
17
75
n/a
62
87
88
91
n/a
83
70
78
42
n/a
46
84
83
89
n/a
87
72
79
42
n/a
24
4
n/a
25
6
n/a
40
8
n/a
34
9
n/a
53
92
n/a
57
91
n/a
121 Recreational services
122 Other service activities
123 Private households with employed persons
FISIM
Total
The lowest rank is 95 and not 123 due to a number of industries treated as ‘not available’.
Office for National Statistics
59
Input-Output: Concentration ratios for businesses by industry in 2003
Economic Trends 624 November 2005
Table 6 - continued
Concentration ratios for businesses by industry in 2003
UK I-O Supply and Use Tables
£ million
All producers
Non-market producers
Central Government Local Government
60
Industry
Output
Gross
Value
Added
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Agriculture
Forestry
Fishing
Coal extraction
Oil and gas extraction
Metal ores extraction
Other mining and quarrying
Meat processing
Fish and fruit processing
Oils and fats
20 173 9 451
785
321
1 025
355
1 088
513
26 000 20 216
4 501 1 553
12 545 3 317
6 013 1 982
1 059
219
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Dairy products
Grain milling and starch
Animal feed
Bread, biscuits etc
Sugar
Confectionery
Other food products
Alcoholic beverages
Soft drinks and mineral waters
Tobacco products
6 226
3 212
3 062
7 128
1 341
4 277
6 286
6 751
3 308
2 169
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Textile fibres
Textile weaving
Textile finishing
Made-up textiles
Carpets and rugs
Other textiles
Knitted goods
Wearing apparel and fur products
Leather goods
Footwear
676
1 004
621
1 715
899
1 151
900
4 204
509
516
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Wood and wood products
Pulp, paper and paperboard
Paper and paperboard products
Printing and publishing
Coke ovens, refined petroleum &
nuclear fuel
Industrial gases and dyes
Inorganic chemicals
Organic chemicals
Fertilisers
Plastics & synthetic resins etc
41
42
43
44
45
46
Pesticides
Paints, varnishes, printing ink etc
Pharmaceuticals
Soap and toilet preparations
Other chemical products
Man-made fibres
Office for National Statistics
Output
Gross
Value
Added
Output
Gross
Value
Added
-
-
-
1 398
984
714
3 136
387
2 140
2 504
2 833
945
1 166
-
-
273
338
309
726
320
480
368
1 716
204
262
-
6 901 2 703
3 035
998
7 582 2 751
33 926 16 114
15 798
2 405
1 736
7 172
854
4 009
1 264
3 085
14 165
5 336
4 536
569
Market producers
NPISH
Output
Gross
Value
Added
Output
Gross
Value
Added
-
-
-
20 173
785
1 025
1 088
26 000
4 501
12 545
6 013
1 059
9 451
321
355
513
20 216
1 553
3 317
1 982
219
-
-
-
-
6 226
3 212
3 062
7 128
1 341
4 277
6 286
6 751
3 308
2 169
1 398
984
714
3 136
387
2 140
2 504
2 833
945
1 166
-
-
-
-
-
676
1 004
621
1 715
899
1 151
900
4 204
509
516
273
338
309
726
320
480
368
1 716
204
262
-
-
-
-
-
-
6 901
3 035
7 582
33 926
2 703
998
2 751
16 114
2 656
873
551
1 627
168
1 195
-
-
-
-
-
-
15 798
2 405
1 736
7 172
854
4 009
2 656
873
551
1 627
168
1 195
461
1 134
6 257
1 953
1 704
219
-
-
-
-
-
-
1 264
3 085
14 165
5 336
4 536
569
461
1 134
6 257
1 953
1 704
219
Economic Trends 624 November 2005
Input-Output: Concentration ratios for businesses by industry in 2003
Table 6 - continued
Concentration ratios for businesses by industry in 2003
UK I-O Supply and Use Tables
£ million
All producers
Non-market producers
Central Government Local Government
Industry
Output
47
48
49
50
Rubber products
Plastic products
Glass and glass products
Ceramic goods
3 273
15 796
3 052
1 420
1 604
6 231
1 367
749
-
-
-
-
-
-
3 273
15 796
3 052
1 420
1 604
6 231
1 367
749
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
Structural clay products
Cement, lime and plaster
Articles of concrete, stone etc
Iron and steel
Non-ferrous metals
Metal castings
Structural metal products
Metal boilers and radiators
Metal forging, pressing, etc
Cutlery, tools etc
712
970
6 000
7 025
3 964
1 591
6 929
1 625
8 551
2 414
404
484
2 474
1 131
937
708
2 917
724
4 475
1 465
-
-
-
-
-
-
712
970
6 000
7 025
3 964
1 591
6 929
1 625
8 551
2 414
404
484
2 474
1 131
937
708
2 917
724
4 475
1 465
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
Other metal products
Mechanical power equipment
General purpose machinery
Agricultural machinery
Machine tools
Special purpose machinery
Weapons and ammunition
Domestic appliances nec
Office machinery & computers
Electric motors and generators etc
5 248
6 200
9 380
1 807
1 354
6 733
2 014
2 679
9 166
6 001
2 356
2 525
3 971
512
714
2 635
636
1 063
2 342
2 253
-
-
-
-
-
-
5 248
6 200
9 380
1 807
1 354
6 733
2 014
2 679
9 166
6 001
2 356
2 525
3 971
512
714
2 635
636
1 063
2 342
2 253
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
Insulated wire and cable
Electrical equipment nec
Electronic components
Transmitters for TV, radio and phone
Receivers for TV and radio
Medical and precision instruments
Motor vehicles
Shipbuilding and repair
Other transport equipment
Aircraft and spacecraft
1 080
5 229
3 656
4 658
2 645
11 390
36 917
2 594
2 535
13 533
373
2 092
1 244
1 376
824
5 530
8 319
989
968
5 266
-
-
-
-
-
-
1 080
5 229
3 656
4 658
2 645
11 390
36 917
2 594
2 535
13 533
373
2 092
1 244
1 376
824
5 530
8 319
989
968
5 266
81
82
83
84
Furniture
Jewellery and related products
Sports goods and toys
Miscellaneous manufacturing nec &
recycling
Electricity production and distribution
Gas distribution
Water supply
Construction
Motor vehicle distribution and repair,
automotive fuel retail
Wholesale distribution
8 874
682
1 124
3 595
361
471
-
-
-
-
-
-
8 874
682
1 124
3 595
361
471
5 477 1 957
31 993 10 621
12 279 3 526
4 609 2 966
158 990 60 891
-
-
-
-
-
-
5 477
31 993
12 279
4 609
158 990
1 957
10 621
3 526
2 966
60 891
39 873 22 014
97 409 43 266
-
-
-
-
-
-
39 873
97 409
22 014
43 266
90
Output
Gross
Value
Added
NPISH
Gross
Value
Added
85
86
87
88
89
Output
Gross
Value
Added
Market producers
Output
Gross
Value
Added
Output
Gross
Value
Added
Office for National Statistics
61
Input-Output: Concentration ratios for businesses by industry in 2003
Economic Trends 624 November 2005
Table 6 - continued
Concentration ratios for businesses by industry in 2003
UK I-O Supply and Use Tables
£ million
All producers
Non-market producers
Central Government Local Government
Industry
Output
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
Retail distribution
Hotels, catering, pubs etc
Railway transport
Other land transport
Water transport
Air transport
Ancillary transport services
Postal and courier services
Telecommunications
Banking and finance
96 073
64 664
7 743
37 738
6 989
13 909
44 244
14 036
43 242
78 120
56 234
32 633
2 841
19 001
2 398
5 423
17 773
8 448
22 448
39 773
-
-
-
-
-
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
Insurance and pension funds
Auxiliary financial services
Owning and dealing in real estate
Letting of dwellings
Estate agent activities
Renting of machinery etc
Computer services
Research and development
Legal activities
Accountancy services
53 319
21 691
25 947
88 646
7 401
17 948
50 861
7 173
20 918
13 598
23 127
8 599
18 591
77 585
4 887
10 507
28 723
4 096
13 625
9 706
-
-
-
-
21 974 11 276
-
-
-
-
19 130
6 566
34 688
50 266
59 032
48 953
17 703
6 588
5 834
72 646
1 307
70 344
839
-
28 870
876
34 479
464
-
121 Recreational services
59 194 28 216
122 Other service activities
12 782 6 302
123 Private households with employed persons 4 861 4 861
-
-
4 945
-
1 839
-
3 270
279
-
-
-
-
-
-
62
29 986
13 675
65 268
106 446
81 237
89 878
39 546
13 826
8 031
Output
Gross
Value
Added
NPISH
Gross
Value
Added
111 Market research, management
consultancy
112 Architectural activities and technical
consultancy
113 Advertising
114 Other business services
115 Public administration and defence
116 Education
117 Health and veterinary services
118 Social work activities
119 Sewage and sanitary services
120 Membership organisations nec
Output
Gross
Value
Added
Market producers
FISIM
- 45 921
Total
2 061 932 981 732 145 136
Office for National Statistics
Gross
Value
Output Added
Output
Gross
Value
Added
-
96 073
64 664
7 743
37 738
6 989
13 909
44 244
14 036
43 242
78 120
56 234
32 633
2 841
19 001
2 398
5 423
17 773
8 448
22 448
39 773
160
47
577
-
83
47
401
-
53 159
21 691
25 947
88 599
7 401
17 948
50 861
6 596
20 918
13 598
23 044
8 599
18 591
77 538
4 887
10 507
28 723
3 695
13 625
9 706
-
-
21 974
11 276
667
397
33 800 21 396
40 962 29 092 20 543 17 062
105
33 2 122
951
22 561 6 890 3 788 2 215
5 379 1 098
- 3 962 3 133
29 986
13 675
64 601
18 425
17 307
12 358
8 447
4 069
19 130
6 566
34 291
12 002
13 490
8 134
5 490
2 701
1 089
132
-
50 979
12 503
4 861
25 288
6 170
4 861
-
-
-
64 689 107 752 60 348 35 415 25 510 1 773 629 877 106