Emergent Radio Technologies on RoF
Environments and their FSO Applications
Dr. Joaquín Pérez Soler
Optical Communications Research group
Northumbria Communications Lab
School of CEIS, Northumbria University
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 17 November 2010
Wireless - photonics
“Anywhere at anytime”
Dr. Joaquín Pérez Soler
Optical Communications Research group
Northumbria Communications Lab
School of CEIS, Northumbria University
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 17 November 2010
Snapshot!
• Increasing number of new applications demanding
higher bit-rate connection, ubiquitous, e.g., HD streaming,
mobile broadband, online gaming
• Distribution of radio-access communication technology
and radio coexistence between new and former wireless
services (UWB, LTE, WiMAX, 60 GHz, THz, ...)
• RoF system ideal candidate to distributed new wireless
access
• Free-space-optics (FSO) systems as last mile distribution
systems and providing new services (MoD, rural access...)
CEIS Weekly Research Seminar – 17/11/10
“Wireless- photonics”
Access Networks
• Access networks: BAN/HAN, PAN, LAN, MAN/WAN
• Wired access networks
– Migration towards optical access
networks, higher capacity
• Radio access networks
Service area
(from local to broad coverage size)
– Ubiquitous access ?
Service
ADSL
ADSL2+
VDSL
VDSL2
Coaxial
BPON
EPON
GPON
WWAN GSM GPRS EDGE UMTS HSPA 3GPP-LTE
WiMAX 802.16
WMAN
Wi- Fi
802.11
WLAN
WPAN
ZigBee
10 kbit/s
Bluetooth
100 kbit/s 1 Mbit/s
UWB
10 Mbit/s
100 Mbit/s 1 Gbit/s
Data-rate
CEIS Weekly Research Seminar – 17/11/10
“Wireless- photonics”
Data rate/User
Reach max
2 Mbit/s (standard)
5.5 km
16 Mbit/s
1.5 km
20 Mbit/s (standard)
1 km
50 Mbit/s
1 km
2 Mbit/s
0.5 km
20 Mbit/s
20 km
60 Mbit/s
20 km
40 Mbit/s
20 km
Radio-over-fibre systems - RoF
• Analog radio signals transmitted over optical fibre
– Flexibility and transparency
– Allow centralized control and RF signal generation
– Multiple access techniques available : SCM, WDM
• Main components RoF systems
–
–
–
–
Optical fibre SSMF and MMF
Electrooptical Modulators (VCSEL, MZM)
Photodetector
Laser, f 
Lasers
Modulator
fopt
-fM
-f1
…
+f1
+fM
…
λ (nm)
opt
Amp
PON
Rx
Optical fibre link
Photodetector
RF, f1
f1
RoF - SCM
fM
…
RF, fM
CEIS Weekly Research Seminar – 17/11/10
“Wireless- photonics”
Receiver fi
f (Hz)
Radio-over-fibre systems
• Integrated access networks on RoF
– Improve range extension and number of potential users
– Enable simultaneously distribution WLAN, UMTS, UWB, etc…
Indoor antenna
MMF
Pico-cells
CS
FTTx
CEIS Weekly Research Seminar – 17/11/10
“Wireless- photonics”
FSO communications
• Commercial products on MAN/LAN backbones (buildings links)
• New applications
– Ground-to-ground links (backbone access, disaster situations) (1 Gbps)
– Satellite links UL/DL/Inter
• Optical Inter-Satellite-Links: TerraSAR-X (launch Oct. 2006) (5.6 Gbps)
• Satellite-DL: OICETS – DLR-OGS (50 Mbps)
• Optical links from aerial platforms: Capanina Stratospheric Balloon – OGS (DLR)
(1.25 Gbps)
– Ground-to-air/air-to-ground (unmanned airborne vehicles, tactical comm)
– Airborne communications (A2A)
Courtesy: Cablefree Solutions Limited.
Courtesy: NOVASOL Inc.
CEIS Weekly Research Seminar – 17/11/10
“Wireless- photonics”
Wireless Comm: WiMAX & UWB
average power transmitted(dBm)
WWAN
GPRS/EDGE
WWAN
WCDMA
WiMAX
802.16e
WLAN 802.11
b/g
33
30
UWB
WLAN
802.11 a
Public Saf ety
Communications
PSC
Bluetooth
24
20
16
Mobile
TV
GPS
0
-9
0.4
0.7 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.7 1.9
2.1
2.3 2.4 2.5
2.7
3.1 3.3
3.8
4.74.9 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.47
Frequency (GHz)
5.7 5.8 6.0
…
10.7
• WiMAX and MB-OFDM UWB are complementary, due to their
data-rate and range
• Study of Spectral Coexistence to enable integration of both
wireless comms
CEIS Weekly Research Seminar – 17/11/10
“Wireless- photonics”
Wireless Comm: WiMAX & UWB
•
WiMAX and UWB are high bit-rate wireless technologies
which provide and carry complementary end-user
services on similar short and medium range scenarios
•
WiMAX: based on IEEE 802.16
– Mobile WiMAX OFDMA, freq< 10.6 GHz , IEEE 802.16e
– Bit-rate 12 Mbit/s, radio coverage up to 100 m
•
UWB:
– Wideband, EIRP -41.3 dBm/MHz, freq < 10.6 GHz (standard)
– Bit-rate > 100 Mbit/s @ 10 m
– Two main UWB implementations
• Carrierless (IR-UWB), over carrier (MB-OFDM UWB)
CEIS Weekly Research Seminar – 17/11/10
“Wireless- photonics”
How to build a research answer?
I. Wireless Coexistence
II. Wireless RoF Convergence
DTV Satellite
WiMAX
WiMAX
UWB
WiMAX
UWB
Webcam
HDTV
UWB
WiMAX
Music
Streaming
UWB
PC
WiMAX
UWB
VoIP
Phone
FFTx o HFC
Mobile
Optical fibre
EOM Modulator
User access point
Gateway
Optical
signal
III. Key devices on RoF
CEIS Weekly Research Seminar – 17/11/10
“Wireless- photonics”
Fax
Data
I. Wireless Coexistence
II. Wireless RoF Convergence
WiMAX
WiMAX
UWB
WiMAX
UWB
UWB
UWB
WiMAX
UWB
III. Key devices on RoF
CEIS Weekly Research Seminar – 17/11/10
“Wireless- photonics”
Wireless Coexistence in WPAN
• Previous analysis
– Theoretical analysis and initial field trial on joint UCELLS and EUWB
activities (CREATE-NET, THALES)
– Discussion of WPAN scenarios under UCELLS activities
• Supervised by external partners (Dr. Michael Cotton, NTIA – NIST, USA)
• Scenario WPAN under study
– Real radio office environment (WiMAX, UWB and WiFi)
– Evaluation of EVM as a metric of the quality of the link
– WiMAX link distances
according to 3 DAA zones
in EU regulation
dUWB
• 0.36 m – 10 m WiMAX
– UWB link up to 200 Mbit/s
• 0.1 m – 2.5 m MB-OFDM UWB
dWiMAX
CEIS Weekly Research Seminar – 17/11/10
“Wireless- photonics”
Experimental set-up
CEIS Weekly Research Seminar – 17/11/10
“Wireless- photonics”
Wireless Coexistence
UWB : short-range coverage
WiMAX: medium-range coverage
Coexistence limits max range
#%&!!
UWB
WiMAX
Area < 5 m
CEIS Weekly Research Seminar – 17/11/10
“Wireless- photonics”
Wireless Coexistence
UWB : short-range coverage
WiMAX: medium-range coverage
Maximum transmitted UWB EIRP
MB-OFDM UWB
• Interferers detection  DAA
• Effective integration one-chip
• Increase coverage
WiMAX
WiMAX
WiMAX
-41.3 dBm/MHz
-35
dBm/MHz
dBm/MHz
Coexistence
limits
max -21
range
TFC1
dWiMAX≥ 5 m
dWiMAX≥ 0.36 m
dWiMAX≥ 3 m
TFC5
dWiMAX> 10 m
dWiMAX≥ 3 m
dWiMAX> 10 m
#%&!!
UWB
UWB
UWB
Hotspot<
1m
Area < 2.5
CEIS Weekly Research Seminar – 17/11/10
“Wireless- photonics”
Wireless Coexistence
• Wireless convergence MB-OFDM UWB and
WiMAX 802.16e
– UWB link protection margins against WiMAX
• Useful for future integration on-board in same chip (CREATE-NET)
– Identification of UWB subcarriers distorted by WiMAX
• Applicable to cognitive radio techniques and DAA (ITU-R)
– Controlled increment of EIRP UWB to improve interoperability
• Cognitive radio issues
CEIS Weekly Research Seminar – 17/11/10
“Wireless- photonics”
I. Wireless Coexistence
II. Wireless
Coexistència
RoF iConvergence
integració
DTV Satellite
Webcam
HDTV
WiMAX
Music
Streaming
PC
VoIP
Phone
FFTx o HFC
Mobile
Optical fibre
User access point
Gateway
III. Key
Dispositius
devicesclaus
on RoF
CEIS Weekly Research Seminar – 17/11/10
“Wireless- photonics”
Fax
Data
Wireless-Photonics integration
WiMAX
Core network
UWB
PON
Central Office
•Long-haul networks
~>25 km integrated distribution
•Short-range indoor networks
>300 m integrated distribution
CEIS Weekly Research Seminar – 17/11/10
“Wireless- photonics”
RoF wireless convergence
• First approach: RoMMF indoor & RoSSMF long-haul
systems
• Previous work:
– Simulation VPI™ UWBoMMF transmission with VCSEL defined (UROOF)
– UWB RoSSMF analytical and experimental study (BONE, UCELLS, IT
Portugal)
– PON concepts on RoF system (ISIS, UCELLS activities)
– Define experimental set-up for MMF and SSMF
CEIS Weekly Research Seminar – 17/11/10
“Wireless- photonics”
RoSSMF wireless convergence
Wisair DV9110
UWB Tx
UWB Tx
PC
Pol. A
MZ-EOM1
PC MZ-EOM1
PC
EDFA Att
WiMAX
Tx Tx
WiMAX
PON
PON
Pol. A
PC
Att
Pol. B
MZ-EOM2
Head-end
Central Office
PIN
LNA
PIN Amp
PC
EVM
PBS
EVM
PBS
λ=1555 nm
λ=1555
nm
MZ-EOM2
EDFA
SSMF
SSMF
L=5,
10, 25
25km
km
L=5, 10,
Pol. B
Customer premises
Customer premises
Agilent ESG 4483C
• Feasible joint transmission RoSSMF up to 25 km SSMF
link
• New polarization multiplexing (PDM) techniques proposed
to improve optical transmission (data-rate, BER)
CEIS Weekly Research Seminar – 17/11/10
“Wireless- photonics”
RoF wireless convergence
Long-haul networks
>25 km integrated distribution
PDM techniques improve joint distribution
RoF systems performance
Short-range indoor networks
>300 m integrated distribution
Modal dispersion limits UWB performance in
joint TX RoMMF
CEIS Weekly Research Seminar – 17/11/10
“Wireless- photonics”
I. Wireless Coexistence
II. Wireless
Coexistència
RoF iConvergence
integració
EOM Modulator
Optical
signal
III. Dispositius
Key devicesclaus
on RoF
CEIS Weekly Research Seminar – 17/11/10
“Wireless- photonics”
Improving Key RoF devices
• E/O conversion
Core network
WiMAX
– Distorsion,
Losses
– Limits data-rate,
quality link
UWB
• EOM Linearized
+ data-rate Central
comm Office
+ QoS (dynamic range, lower IMD)
+ System integration
PONEOM Modulator
Optical
signal
CEIS Weekly Research Seminar – 17/11/10
“Wireless- photonics”
FSO communications
• FSO “Last mile” solution on difficult scenarios (geo/eco)
o Why not to carry last mile services?
o Laser and receiver issues
o Eye-safety policies  optical wavelength and power
o Weather impairments (Fog, scintillation, ...)  Hybrid RF/FSO?
o What radio frequency and format? THz
CEIS Weekly Research Seminar – 17/11/10
“Wireless- photonics”
Answers and lot of new questions 
I. Wireless Coexistence
II. Wireless RoF Convergence
DTV Satellite
WiMAX
WiMAX
UWB
WiMAX
UWB
Webcam
HDTV
UWB
WiMAX
Music
Streaming
UWB
PC
WiMAX
UWB
VoIP
Phone
FFTx o HFC
Mobile
Optical fibre
EOM Modulator
User access point
Gateway
Optical
signal
III. Key devices on RoF
CEIS Weekly Research Seminar – 17/11/10
“Wireless- photonics”
Fax
Data
What’s next?
+ Applications
+ Industrial SIG
+ Integration
Five-PLAY
VLC @ home
RF/FSO & RoFSO
CEIS Weekly Research Seminar – 17/11/10
“Wireless- photonics”
Acknowledgements
Thank you!
Questions?