prevention strategies
and
treatments
HANEWINKEL AND WIBORG
DAVIS ET. AL
Claire Evenson, Niveda Ganesh, Nadia
McCloskey, and Heather Purchas
Hanewinkel and Wiborg:
“The smoke-free
classroom competition”
Research Design
● Classes decided is they were going to be a smoking or non
smoking classroom
● Students reported their smoking behavior to teachers through
periodic check-ins over a 6 month span
● Data of non-smoking and smoking classrooms collected by the
teachers was compared after the study was concluded.
Aim/ Hypothesis
● Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of the “Smoke-Free Classroom
Competition” in delaying the onset of smoking in adolescents.
● Hypothesis: The “Smoke-Free Classroom Competition” program
will help decrease smoking amongst adolescents.
Social Implications
● Participation in this “Smoke- Free Classroom Competition” program
could delay the onset of smoking in adolescents leading to a
societal change
● This program could raise awareness about the harmful effects of
smoking to adolescents and adults
● The research done by Hanewinkel and Wiborg can help develop
more strategies to prevent kids from starting to smoke in the first
place
Psychological Implications
● This study started a huge program all across Europe to stop smoking as
being “the norm”.
● Several process evaluation studies have been carried out in the European
participating countries demonstrating high acceptance and practicability of
the program.
● A recent study on the effectiveness of SFC confirmed previous findings:
SFC contributes to reduce the probability of progressing from experimental
to established smoking.
● A detailed cost-effectiveness study shows that SFC is a cost-effective
school-based intervention, providing net benefits of 5.59 (direct net
benefits) and 15.00 Mio. Euro (incl. indirect net benefits) for Germany only.
Strengths/ Limitations
● Strengths:
o
o
o
o
Applicable to real-life programs
Had very large sample size (2142 students)
Had schools all over Europe participate
Many replication studies were done to prove effectiveness
● Limitations:
o Only in European countries (can’t necessarily apply to all cultures)
o Self-reported (students could lie to get prize)
o Only was on age 11-14 (only applicable to young people)
Pneumonic Device
“Be Smart, Don’t Start”
Davis et al.
“A pilot study on
mindfulness based
stress reduction for
smokers”
Research Design
-MSBR: mindfulness based stress reduction
-a stress reduction program developed by Jon Kabat-Zinn
-taught in over 240 institutions worldwide.
-provides basic instructions in mindfulness and in starting a daily
meditation practice to individuals, most of whom have not had prior
exposure to the subject.
-requires participants to meet as a group for 2–3 hours, once per week, for
eight weeks, meet for a 7-hour "day of mindfulness", and practice
mindfulness meditation 45 minutes per day, 6 days per week.
-18 subjects enrolled in the intervention with an average smoking history of
19.9 cigarettes per day for 26.4 years.
Aim/ Hypothesis
Aim:
-To reduce participants’ stress by having them quit smoking.
Hypothesis:
-mindfulness training is associated with a reduction of mood
disturbances.
Social Implications
● compliance with meditation practice appeared to be associated
with smoking abstinence
● highly compliant meditators demonstrated substantial decreases in
reported stress and affective distress
Psychological Implications
● First ones to come up with this method for therapy
● Subsequent testing of mindfulness training as a smoking
intervention would include the use of pharmacotherapy, random
assignment of smokers to the intervention vs. control group, and
six-month follow-up.
● recruitment flyers advertised only a "quit smoking study" with no
mention of meditation and no subjects were excluded based on
motivation.
Strengths
● mindfulness training may show promise for smoking cessation
and warrants additional study in a larger comparative trial.
● Used different methods to ensure accuracy (questionnaires and
experiments)
● A scale was created called The Perceived Stress Scale is a
questionnaire designed to provide an assessment of symptoms of
stress The PSS has robust reliability and validity and has been
used in multiple studies to measure the effect of mindfulness
Limitations
● limitation to the intervention's effectiveness is the omission of
pharmacotherapy (medical treatment).
● Limitations of the study also include a small sample size, absence
of a control group and short-term follow-up.
● the program orientation, which discouraged four individuals from
participating, may have introduced a selection bias that would
lead to an overestimation of the intervention efficacy in other
populations.
Pneumonic Device
Works Cited
Wiborg, Gudrun, and Reiner Hanewinkel. "Effectiveness of the “Smoke-Free Class Competition” in Delaying
the Onset of Smoking in Adolescence."Science Direct. American Health Foundation and Elsevier
Science, 2002. Web. 02 Dec. 2014.
Davis, James M., Michael F. Fleming, Katherine A. Bonus, and Timothy B. Baker. "Abstract." National
Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 25 Jan. 2007. Web. 02 Dec.
2014.