2q w`b
‡mkb 7
c~e© w`‡bi
wkÿb
ch©v‡jvPbv
2q w`b
‡mkb 8
meRx Pvl
welqK wfwWI
wPÎ cÖ`k©bx
2q w`b
‡mkb 9
meRx dmj Pvlvev`
Awa‡ek‡bi j¶¨t
meRx dm‡ji Pvlvev` m¤úwK©Z Ávb AR©b|
Awa‡ek‡bi D‡Ïk¨t
GB Awa‡ekb ‡k‡l c«wk¶‡Y AskM«nYKvixMY
 meRx Pvlvev` m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ Z_¨ Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
 meRx ‡m±‡ii mgm¨v m¤ú‡K© AewnZ n‡Z cvi‡eb;
 meRx ‡m±‡ii mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Dcvq Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
evsjv‡`k K…wl c«avb ‡`k| G‡`‡ki Avwk kZvsk gvbylB K…lK I
`wi`«| `vwi`«Zv I Áv‡bi Afv‡e G‡`‡ki gvby‡li g‡a¨ cywónxbZv
GKwU gvivZ¥K mgm¨v wn‡m‡e ‡`Lv hvq| A_P Aí Rwg‡Z Lye Kg
Li‡P meRx Pvl K‡i A_©‰bwZKfv‡e mvej¤^x nIqvi cvkvcvwk
cywónxbZvI `~i Kiv m¤¢e| Avi G R‡b¨ ‡hUv c«‡qvRb ‡mUv n‡jv
mwVK Pvlvev` mg¨‡Ü I c×wZ m¤ú‡K© mvgvb¨ m‡PZbZv|
mewR †m±‡ii mgm¨v
 K…lK Ges we‡µZv‡`i fvj exR mbv³KiY Áv‡bi Afve
 K…lK‡`i mewR Drcv`b Kjv‡KŠkj Áv‡bi Afve
- h_vh_ KxUbvkK e¨env‡ii Áv‡bi Afve
- cÖ‡qvRbxq-Kvh©Ki mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi Áv‡bi Afve
- ‡ivMevjvB `gb e¨e¯’vcbvi Áv‡bi Afve
DcKib we‡µZv‡`i mgm¨v
 DcKib we‡µZv‡`i exR I Pvlvev` m¤ú©‡K Áv‡bi Afve|
 exR weµ‡qi Rb¨ †h me wewaweavb Rvbv `iKvi Zvi Afve|
 DcKib we‡µZv‡`i `¶Zvi Afve|
mewR Drcv`b Kjv‡KŠkj
‡Xuok
Drcv`b †gŠmyg
mvaviYZ †deªyqvwi †_‡K RyjvB gvm ch©šÍ †Xuok jvMv‡bv nq| Z‡e eQ‡ii Ab¨vb¨ mgqI
mxwgZfv‡e Gi Pvl n‡q _v‡K|
ex‡Ri nvi - 15-20 MÖv/kZvsk
exR ecb
 AvMvg Drcv`‡bi †¶‡Î MvQ wKQyUv Lv‡Uv Ges Wvjcvjv Kg _v‡K weavq wKQyUv
Nb K‡i jvMv‡Z n‡e|
 ex‡Ri A¼zi cÖvqkB AwbqwgZ n‡Z †`Lv hvq| ZvB cÖwZ M‡Z© `ywU exR w`‡Z n‡e|
`ywU exRB MRv‡j 4-5 cvZv Ae¯’vq my¯’ mej Pviv †i‡L Ab¨wU Zz‡j †dj‡Z n‡e|
 ‡Xuo†ki ex‡Ri †Lvmv Lye k³, ZvB †evbvi cy‡e© exR 24 N›Uv cvwb‡Z Pzwe‡q wb‡j
A¼ziY ZvovZvwo nq|
 DoPz½v †cvKv †Xuo‡ki KwP Pviv †K‡U †`q| GRb¨ k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ AwZwi³
wKQy Pviv Rwg‡q ivLv †h‡Z cv‡i|
mv‡ii cwigvY I cÖ‡qvM (kZvsk cÖwZ)
mvi
‡gvU cwigvb
Rwg ˆZixi mgq Pviv MRv‡bvi
20 w`b ci
BDwiqv
600 MÖvg
-
200 MÖvg
wUGmwc
400 MÖvg
me
-
Ggwc
600 MÖvg 150 MÖvg 150 MÖvg
‡ivM evjvB
‡cvKvgvKo
wgwó Kzgov
exR ec‡bi mgq
kxZKvjxb: A‡±vei †_‡K wW‡m¤^i
MÖx®§Kvjxb: †deªyqvwi †_‡K †g
ex‡Ri nvi
cÖwZ kZvs‡k 20-25 MÖvg |
ex‡Ri mnR AsKz‡iv`Mg t
wgwó Kzgovi ex‡Ri †Lvmv wKQyUv k³| ZvB mnR AsKz‡iv`M‡gi Rb¨ cwi®‹vi
cvwb‡Z 15-20 N›Uv wfwR‡q AZtci ecb Ki‡Z n‡e|
mv‡ii cwigvY I cÖ‡qvM c×wZ
mv‡ii bvg
Pviv †ivc‡bi 10
w`b c~‡e©
cÖwZ gv`vq
Pviv †ivc‡bi 1015 w`b ci
Pviv †ivc‡bi 3035 w`b ci
‡gvU cwigvb
Rwg ˆZixi mgq
cuPv †Mvei
80 †KwR
20 †KwR
10 †KwR
-
-
wUGmwc
700 MÖvg
350 MÖvg
60 MÖvg
-
-
BDwiqv
700 MÖvg
-
-
300 MÖvg
300 MÖvg
Ggwc
600 MÖvg
200 MÖvg
50 MÖvg
25 MÖvg
-
wRcmvg
400 MÖvg
400 MÖvg
-
-
-
`¯Ív
50 MÖvg
50 MÖvg
-
-
-
‡evi·
40 MÖvg
40 MÖvg
-
-
-
g¨vM‡bwm
qvg A·vBW
50 MÖvg
-
8 MÖvg
-
-
‡cvKvgvKo
‡cvKvgvKo
DcKvix ‡cvKv
‡cvKvgvKo
cvgwKb weUj
• jvj I bxj is‡qi `yBwU cÖRvwZi cvgwKb weU‡ji g‡a¨ jvj cvgwKb weUj
wgwóKzgov Mv‡Qi me‡P‡q †ekx ¶wZ K‡i|
Rve †cvKv
• Rve †cvKvi Avµg‡Y wgwóKzgovi evošÍ WMv I cvZv njy` n‡q hvq| MvQ Zvi
m‡ZRZv nvwi‡q †d‡j Ges djb gvivZœKfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯’ nq|
`gb e¨e¯’vcbv
cÖv_wgK Ae¯’vq AvµvšÍ cvZv I WMvi Rve †cvKv, nvZ w`‡q wc‡l †g‡i †djv hvq|
1. g¨vjvw_qb 57 Bwm cÖwZ wjUvi cvwb‡Z 2 wgwj nv‡i A_ev wcwigi 50 wWwc
cÖwZ wjUvi cvwb‡Z 1 MÖv nv‡i wgwk‡q †¯cÖ Ki‡Z n‡e|
2. wbg ex‡Ri `ªeb (1 †KwR cwigvY Aa©fv½v wbg exR 10 wjUvi cvwb‡Z 12 N›Uv
wfwR‡q ivL‡Z n‡e) ev mvevb ‡Mvjv cvwb (cÖwZ 10 wjUvi cvwb‡Z 2Pv
PvgP ¸ov mvevb †gkv‡Z n‡e) †¯cÖ K‡iI G †cvKvi AvµgY A‡bKvs‡k Kgv‡bv
hvq|
■
‡ivM evjvB
mv`v ¸uMv †ivM ev cvDWvix wgjwWD
• cvZvi Dfq cv‡k cÖ_‡g mv`v mv`v cvDWvi ev ¸uov †`Lv hvq|
• ax‡i ax‡i G `vM¸‡jv eo I ev`vwg n‡q ïwK‡q hvq| `vM ïwK‡q †M‡j †mLv‡b
Avjwc‡bi gv_vi gZ Kv‡jv Kv‡jv we›`y †`Lv hvq|
`gb e¨e¯’vcbv
•
•
•
•
Rwgi Av‡k cv‡k Kzgov RvZxq †h ‡Kvb mewR Pvl †_‡K weiZ _vKv|
Rwgi Av‡k cv‡ki nvuwZïo(?) RvZxq AvMvQv `gb Kiv|
AvµvšÍ cvZv I MvQ msMÖn K‡i cywo‡q †djv|
cÖwZ 10 wjUvi cvwb‡Z 20 MÖvg w_IwfU ev mvj‡dvjv·/Kzg~jvm A_ev 10
MÖvg K¨vwjw·b 15 w`b ci ci †¯cÖ Kiv|
kmv
exR ec‡bi mgq
‡deyªqvwi †_‡K gvP© ch©šÍ| mv¤cÖwZK Kv‡j cÖvq mviv
eQiB kmvi Pvl n‡q _v‡K|
ex‡Ri nvi
mivmwi ec‡bi Rb¨ t 4-5 †KwR/†n±i (15-20 MÖv/kZvsk)
Pviv K‡i †ivc‡bi Rb¨
t 2.5-3.5 †KwR/†n±i (1-1.5 MÖvg
/kZvsk)
kZvsk cÖwZ mvi cÖ‡qvM
†gvU
cwigvY
‡kl Pv‡li
mgq
‡Mvei/K‡¤úv÷
60 †KwR
30 †KwR
BDwiqv
wUGmwc
Ggwc
wRcmvg
wR¼
700 MÖv
600 MÖv 300 MÖv
700 MÖv 200 MÖv
400 MÖv 400 MÖv
50 MÖv 50 MÖv
‡eviv·
40 MÖv
mvi
40 MÖv
Pviv †ivc‡Yi
Pviv †ivc‡Yi
10-15 w`b
5-6 w`b c~‡e© M‡Z©
c‡i
30 †KwR
200 MÖ
v
300 MÖv
350 MÖv
-
-
200 MÖv
50 MÖv
-
‡cvKvgvKo
K¨vUviwcjvi
‡ivM evjvB
‡gvRvBK fvBivm
cvZvq nvjKv njy` `vM c‡o| `vM¸wj µgk eo n‡q †gvRvBK Gi gZ †`Lvq|
`gb e¨e¯’vcbv
 cªwZ wjUvi cvwb‡Z g¨vjvw_qb/mywgw_qb 2 wgwj Jla wgwk‡q 1015 w`b AšÍi
 MvQ AvµvšÍ nIqv gvÎ Zz‡j gvwU‡Z cy‡Z †dj‡Z n‡e|
jvjkvK
exR ecb c×wZ
 exR †evbvi mgq mg cwigvY QvB ev cvZjv evwj
wgwk‡q ecb Ki‡j mgZv‡j exR co‡e|
 Rwg‡Z h‡_ó im bv _vK‡j SvSwi w`‡q nvjKv fv‡e
cvwb wQwU‡q w`‡Z nq|
mv‡ii cwigvY (kZvsk)
mvi
†gvU cwigvb
‡kl Pv‡li c~‡e©
Rwg‡Z
cÖ‡qvM
exR ec‡bi 20
w`b ci Dcwi
cÖ‡qvM
†Mvei/K‡¤úvó
40 †KwR
me
-
BDwiqv
800 MÖvg
400 MÖvg
400 MÖvg
wUGmwc
400 MÖvg
me
-
Ggwc
600 MÖvg
300 MÖvg
300 MÖvg
‡ivMevjvB
cuyBkvK
exR ec‡bi mgq
‡deªyqvix †_‡K †g gvm
ex‡Ri nvi
Pviv D‡Ëvjb c×wZ‡Z t 8-10 MÖv/kZvsk
mivmwi ecb c×wZ‡Z t 12-15 MÖv/kZvsk
mv‡ii cwigvb I cÖ‡qvM c×wZ (kZvsk cÖwZ)
mv‡ii bvg
mv‡ii gvÎv
†Mvei
40 †KwR
Rwg
ˆZixi
mgq
20 ‡KwR
BDwiqv
700 MÖvg
-
wUGmwc
500 MÖvg
-
Ggwc
500 MÖvg
-
MZ© Pviv †ivc‡bi Pviv †ivc‡bi
cÖ‡qvM
10 w`b
30 w`b
ci
ci
20 †KwR
-
250
150 MÖvg
MÖvg
500
MÖvg
200
100 MÖvg
MÖvg
150 MÖvg
100 MÖvg
‡ivMevjvB
cvZvq `vM (exRevwnZ) I Kv‡Ûi †Mvov cPv †ivM
`gb e¨e¯’vcbv
e¨vwfwób ev †bvBb (QÎvKbvkK) 2 MÖvg/wjUvi
cvwb‡Z wgwk‡q 10 w`b ci ci †¯cÖ Ki‡Z nq|
‡e¸b
Pviv Drcv`b
 kxZKvjxb Pv‡li Rb¨: AvMó - †m‡Þ¤^i gvm
 exRZjvi gvwU ˆZix: mgcwigvY evwj, K‡¤úvó I gvwU
wgwk‡q Szi Sz‡i K‡i Ki‡Z nq|
 wØZxq exRZjv (???)
 ex‡Ri cÖ‡qvRb: 0.5 MÖv/kZvsk
mv‡ii cwigvY I cÖ‡qvM (kZvsk)
mvi
†Mvei/K‡¤úvó
cwigvb
40-60 †KwR
‡kl Pv‡li mgq
me
BDwiqv
1.2 †KwR
-
wUGmwc
400 MÖvg
me
Ggwc
800 MÖvg
me
Pviv †ivcb
 exR ec‡bi 30-35 w`b ci (5-6 wU cvZv
wewkó) Pviv †ivc‡bi Dc‡hvMx nq|
 ‡ivc‡bi `~iZ¡ wbf©i K‡i RvZ I gvwUi
De©iZvi Dci|
‡cvKvgvKo
‡ivMevjvB
g~jv
exR ec‡bi mgq
AvMvg dm‡ji Rb¨
t †m‡Þ¤^i gvm|
gvSvix dm‡ji Rb¨
t A‡±vei gvm|
bvex dm‡ji Rb¨ t b‡f¤^i-wW‡m¤^i gvm|
ex‡Ri nvi: 10 MÖv /kZvsk
†mP
 exR ec‡bi ciciB GKwU †mP †`qv DËg| G‡Z me exR 3-4 w`‡bi g‡a¨B
MwR‡q Pviv gvwUi Dci †ei n‡e|
mv‡ii cwigvb I cÖ‡qvM c×wZ (kZvsk cÖwZ)
mvi
cwigvb
‡kl Pv‡li mgq
exR ec‡bi wZb
mßvn ci
†Mvei/K‡¤úvó
BDwiqv
wUGmwc
40 †KwR
1.5 †KwR
1 †KwR
40 †KwR
700 MÖvg
1 †KwR
400 MÖvg
-
Ggwc
wRcmvg
(mvjdvi mvi)
‡eviv·
(†evib mvi)
1 †KwR
400 MÖvg
500 MÖvg
400 MÖvg
250 MÖvg
-
50 MÖvg
50 MÖvg
-
dyjKwc
exR ec‡bi mgq
AvMvg RvZ : AvM÷ gvm
ga¨g †gŠmygx RvZ : †m‡Þ¤^i gvm
bvex RvZ : A‡±vei gvm
ex‡Ri cwigvb
1 MÖv /kZvsk
Pviv Drcv`b
 cÖ_g exRZjvq Nb K‡i exR †dj‡Z nq|
 10-12 w`b ci MRv‡bv Pviv wØZxq exRZjvq ¯’vbvšÍi
Ki‡Z nq|
 wØZxq exRZjvq Pviv ¯’vbvš—‡ii 7-8 w`b c~‡e©
cªwZwU 1´3 wg exRZjvq 150 MÖv wUGmwc, 100
MÖvg BDwiqv I 100 MÖvg Ggwc mvi wgwk‡q wb‡Z
nq|
 Pviv e„w×i nvi Kg n‡j cÖwZwU exRZjvq 80-100 MÖvg
BDwiqv wQwU‡q w`‡Z n‡e|
mvi kZvsk cÖwZ
mvi
cwigvb
‡kl Pv‡li mgq
†Mvei/K‡¤úvó
40 †KwR
20 †KwR
Pviv †ivc‡bi
c~‡e©
20 †KwR
BDwiqv
wUGmwc
Ggwc
wRcmvg
(mvjdvi mvi)
‡evwiK GwmW
(†evib mvi)
600 MÖvg
600 MÖvg
500 MÖvg
400 MÖvg
300 MÖvg
400 MÖvg
300 MÖvg
-
100 MÖvg
100 MÖvg
-
4 MÖvg
4 MÖvg
-
G‡gvwbqvg gwje‡WU
(gwje‡Wbvg)
‡cvKvgvKo I ‡ivMevjvB
‡cvKvgvKo
miyB †cvKv (WvBgÛ e¨vK g_)
 AvµvšÍ cvZv meyR is wenxb Rv‡ji gZ ‡`Lvq| e¨vcK Avµg‡Y
cvZv ïwK‡q g‡i hvq|
 KwP Mv‡Qi ea©Ykxj As‡k G †cvKvi AvµgY †ekx cwijw¶Z nq|
`gb e¨m¯’vcbv
• dmj msMÖ‡ni ci dm‡ji Aewkóvsk cywo‡q †djv
• AvµvšÍ cvZvi †cvKv 2-3 evi nv‡Z a‡i †g‡i †djv
• e¨vwmjvm _ywibwR‡qbwmm (wewU) cÖ‡qvM
‡cvKvgvKo
KvUzB †cvKv
w`‡bi †ejv KvUzB †cvKv gvwUi dvU‡j, gvwUi †Xjvq Ges AveR©bvi g‡a¨ jywK‡q
_v‡K| iv‡Zi †ejv †ei n‡q dzjKwci PvivMvQ †K‡U †d‡j|
`gb e¨e¯’vcbv
wel‡Uvc wn‡m‡e kZvsk cÖwZ 2 MÖv †mwfb/Kve©vwij 85 WweD wc A_ev cv`vb
50 Gmwc, 400 MÖv Mg ev av‡bi Kuyovi mv‡_ cwigvYgZ cvwb‡Z wgwk‡q
Ggb GKwU wel‡Uvc ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e hv nvZ w`‡q wQUv‡bv hvq| G wel‡Uvc
mÜv‡ejv AvµvšÍ †¶‡Z PvivMv‡Qi †Mvovq wQwU‡q cª‡qvM Ki‡j KvUzB
†cvKvi Kxov `gb mnR nq|
‡fvi †ejv KvUv Pvivi †Mvovi gvwU Ly‡o Kxov¸‡jv †g‡i †djv|
‡ivMevjvB
`vM †ivM ev ¯úU
cvZvq ev`vgx i‡Oi PµvKvi `vM c‡o Ges AwaK
AvµvšÍ cvZv ïwK‡q hvq|
`gb e¨e¯’vcbv
20 MÖv †ivfivj 10 wjUvi cvwb‡Z wgwk‡q Mv‡Q
10-12 w`b AšÍi †¯úª Kiv|
evuavKwc
Pviv Drcv`b
dzjKwci gZ
 ex‡Ri nvi t
1.5 MÖv/kZvsk
mvi (cÖwZ kZvsk)
mvi
cwigvb
‡kl Pv‡li
mgq
Pviv †ivc‡bi
10 w`b ci
†Mvei/K‡¤úvó
40 †KwR
20 †KwR
-
BDwiqv
1.5 †KwR
-
500 MÖvg
wUGmwc
1 †KwR
me
-
Ggwc
1 †KwR
400 MÖvg
200 MÖvg
mvi
 †Mvei/K‡¤úv†÷i Aewkó 20 †KwR M‡Z©i gvwUi mv‡_
wgwk‡q w`‡Z n‡e|
 Rwg‡Z gwje‡Wbvg A_ev †evi‡bi Afve _vK‡j h_vµ‡g
G‡gvwbqvg gwje‡WU Ges †eviv· kZvsk cÖwZ 4 MÖv gvwUi
m‡½ wgwk‡q Rwg‡Z mgfv‡e wQwU‡q AvjMv fv‡e Kzwc‡q
gvwUi m‡½ wgwk‡q w`‡Z n‡e|
 cÖwZ GK mßvn cici Rwg‡Z Aí Aí K‡i BDwiqv Ges cUvk mvi
DcwicÖ‡qvM Ki‡j eo AvKv‡ii evuavKwc cvIqv †h‡Z cv‡i|
‡cvKvgvKo
†Uvev‡Kv K¨vUviwcjvi
‡cvKvgvKo
‡cÖv‡Wwbqv K¨vUviwcjvi ev †Uvev‡Kv K¨vUviwcjvi
cvZvi meyR Ask LvIqvi d‡j cvZv Rv‡ji gZ n‡q hvq Ges Zv `~i †_‡K †`‡LB †Pbv hvq|
`gb e¨e¯’vcbv
AvµvšÍ cvZv MvQ †_‡K wQ‡o wb‡q cv w`‡q Kxov¸‡jv‡K wc‡l †g‡i †dj‡Z n‡e
AvµgY †ekx n‡j ¯úk© wel †hgb mvBcvi‡gw_ªb RvZxq KxUbvkK
(wicKW©/wmgeym/evmvw_ªb/G‡ivmvBcv‡gw_ªb 10 Zij) cÖwZ wjUvi cvwbi
mv‡_ 1 wgwj nv‡i wgwk‡q 15 w`b AšÍi 2-3 evi Mv‡Q †¯cÖ Ki‡Z n‡e| Z‡e
KxUbvkK cÖ‡qv‡Mi 2 mßv‡ni g‡a¨ LvIqvi Rb¨ †Kvb Kwc msMÖn Kiv hv‡e
bv|
‡ivM evjvB
iyU DBjwUs
G †iv‡Mi RxevYy wkK‡o Xy‡K Lv`¨ cwienY †Kvl bó
K‡i †`q d‡j wkKo w`‡q Mv‡Qi †`‡n cvwb PjvPj Ki‡Z
cv‡i bv e‡j MvQ X‡j hvq|
`gb e¨e¯’vcbv
2.5 MÖv wfUv‡f·-200 Jla GK ‡KwR ex‡Ri mv‡_
wgwk‡q exR †kvab Ki‡Z n‡e|
U‡g‡Uv
exR ec‡bi mgq t
†m‡Þ¤^i-A‡±vei (kxZKv‡j),
†g-RyjvB (MÖx®§-el©vKv‡j)
ex‡Ri gvÎv t 200 MÖv/†n±i (1 MÖvg/kZvsk)
mvi cÖ‡qvM (†KwR/kZvs‡k)
mv‡ii bvg
mvi †`qvi mgq
‡Mvei
‡emvj
Rwg ˆZixi mgq
BDwiqv
1g
Pviv jvMv‡bvi 10 w`b ci
DcwicÖ‡qvM
wUGmwc
‡emvj
Ggwc
‡emvj
Rwg ˆZixi mgq
‡kl Pv‡li mgq
Rwgi De©iv kw³
60
40
20
0.6
0.4
0.3
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.35
0.3
†emvj I †Mvei mvi †kl Pv‡li Av‡M Rwg‡Z
wQwU‡q fvj K‡i gvwUi m‡½ wgwk‡q w`‡Z n‡e|
 Dcwi cÖ‡qv‡Mi BDwiqv Ges Ggwc mvi Mv‡Qi
‡Mvovi 10-15 †m.wg. `~i w`‡q m‡½ fvj K‡i
wgwk‡q w`‡Z n‡e|
Pviv †ivcb
Pvivi eqm 30-35 w`b A_ev 4-6 cvZv wewkó n‡j Rwg‡Z
†ivcb Ki‡Z n‡e|
GK wgUvi PIov †e‡W `yB mvwi K‡i Pviv jvMv‡Z n‡e| mvwi †_‡K
mvwii `~iZ¡ 60 †mwg Ges mvwi‡Z Pviv †_‡K Pviv 40 †mwg `~i‡Z¡
jvMv‡Z n‡e|
exRZjv †_‡K Pviv AZ¨šÍ hZœ mnKv‡i Zzj‡Z n‡e †hb Pvivi wkKo
¶wZMÖ¯’ bv nq| G Rb¨ Pviv †Zvjvi Av‡M exRZjvigvwU wfwR‡q
wb‡Z n‡e|
we‡K‡ji cošÍ †iv‡` Pviv †ivcb KivB DËg Ges jvMv‡bvi ci †Mvovq
nvjKv ‡mP cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e|
‡cvKvgvKo I ‡ivMevjvB
‡ivMevjvB
‡cvKvgvKo
‡cvKvgvKo
mv`v gvwQ †cvKv
G‡`i Avµg‡Y cvZvi g‡a¨ AmsL¨ †QvU †QvU mv`v ev nj‡` `vM †`Lv hvq|
c‡i cvZv njy` n‡q hvq|
`gb e¨e¯’vcbv
GK †KwR Avav fv½v wbg exR 10 wjUvi cvwb‡Z 12 N›Uv wfwR‡q †i‡L
D³ cvwb cvZvi bx‡Pi w`‡K †¯cÖ Kiv|
exRZjv gkvixi †bU w`‡q †X‡K ivLv|
g¨vjvw_qb 57 Bwm RvZxq KxUbvkK (cÖwZ wjUvi cvwb‡Z 2 wgwj)
A_ev GWgvqvi 200 Gm Gj ( cÖwZ wjUvi cvwb‡Z 0.5 wgwj)
wgwk‡q †¯cÖ Kiv|
‡ivMevjvB
W¨vw¤ús Ad
QÎvKRwbZ Kvi‡Y Pvivi †Mvov c‡P hvq|
`gb e¨e¯’vcbv
 gyiMxi weôv/mwilvi ˆLj exR ec‡bi wZb mßvn Av‡M Rwg‡Z
wgwk‡q w`‡Z n‡e|
 AvµvšÍ RvqMvq wi‡Wvwgj †Mvì (0.2%) w`‡q gvwU wfwR‡q w`‡Z
n‡e|
‡ivMevjvB
X‡jcov †ivM
Avµvš— MvQ †h †Kvb mgq X‡j c‡o hvq I cy‡iv MvQwU
`ªæZ gviv hvq
`gb e¨e¯’vcbv
 AvµvšÍ MvQ †`L‡jB Zv Zz‡j aŸsm Kiv|
wewfbœ dm‡ji AcKvix I DcKvix ‡cvKvgvKo Ges ‡ivMevjvB Gi mwPÎ c«`k©b
Awa‡ek‡bi j¶¨t
wewfbœ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© dm‡ji AwbóKvix I DcKvix ‡cvKv-gvKo, ‡ivMevjvB I AvMvQv mbv³KiY I wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’v m¤ú‡K©
aviYv|
Awa‡ek‡bi D‡Ïk¨t
GB Awa‡ekb ‡k‡l c«wk¶‡Y AskM«nYKvixMY
 A_©‰bwZK w`K ‡_‡K ¸iyZ¡c~Y© dm‡ji AwbóKvix I DcKvix ‡cvKv Ges ‡ivMevjvB mbv³ Ki‡Zcvi‡eb;
 AwbóKvix ‡cvKv-gvK‡oi wbqš¿Y/`gb Gi ¸iyZ¡ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
 A_©‰bwZK w`K ‡_‡K ¸iyZ¡c~Y© ‡ivMevjvB Gi wbqš¿Y/`gb Gi ¸iyZ¡ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
 ¶wZKi AvMvQv wPwýZKiY I Zvi ¸iyZ¡ me‡Ü Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
 AvB wc Gg ev mgwš^Z evjvB e¨e¯’vcbv/ AvB wm Gg ev mgwš^Z dmj e¨e¯’vcbv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Zcvi‡eb|
AvBwcGg (IPM)-mgwbœZ evjvB
e¨e¯’vcbv
AvB wc Gg wK?
AvB wc Gg ev mgwš^Z evjvB e¨e¯’vcbv ej‡Z cwi‡ek‡K `ylYgy³ ‡i‡L
c«‡qvR‡b GK ev GKvwaK e¨e¯’v M«n‡Yi gva¨‡g dm‡ji ¶wZKviK ‡cvKv
I ‡ivM evjvB‡K A_©‰bwZK ¶wZ mxgvi wb‡P ivLv‡K eySvq, hv‡Z
K‡i:
● cwi‡ek `~wlZ bv nq|
● DcKvix ‡cvKvgvKo msi¶Y, evjvB mnbkxj RvZ I AvaywbK Pvlvev`
c×wZ e¨envi Ges me©‡kl e¨e¯’v wn‡m‡eevjvB bvk‡Ki mg‡qvwPZ I
hyw³ m½Z e¨envi‡K wbwðZ K‡i|
AvB wc Gg-Gi DcKvwiZv
● AvB wc Gg M«n‡bi d‡j DcKvix ‡cvKv gvKo, gvQ, e¨vO, cï, cvLx I
¸Bkvc c«f…wZ msi¶Y Kiv hvq|
● evjvBbvk‡Ki hyw³ m½Z e¨envi wbwðZ Kiv hvq, h‡_”Q e¨envi bv
nIqvq Drcv`b LiP K‡g|
● evjvBbvk‡Ki cieZ©x cvk¦©c«wZwµqv ‡iva Kiv m¤¢e nq| G‡Z K‡i
evjvBbvkK RwbZ `yN©Ubv mn‡RB Gov‡bv hvq|
● ¶wZKviK ‡cvKv-gvKo evjvBbvkK mnbkxjZv AR©b Kivi my‡hvM
cvq bv|
● evjvB- Gi cybive…wË NUvi m¤¢vebv Kg|
● m‡e©vcwi cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨ eRvq _v‡K Ges `ylYgy³ cwi‡ek wbwðZ
Kiv hvq|
AvB wc Gg- Gi cvuPwU Dcv`vb
1| DcKvix ‡cvKvgvKo I c«vYx msi¶Y:
K. ‰RweK `g‡b e¨vO, wPj, ‡cuPv, ¸Bmvc, gvKomv, ‡jWx evW© weUj, K¨vivweW
weUj, ‡evjZv, wgwiW evM, IqvUvi evM, W¨vg‡mj dwos c«f…wZ DcKvix ‡cvKvgvKo I
Ab¨vb¨ c«vYx o&MwZKviK ‡cvKv `g‡b h‡_ó mvnvh¨ K‡i|
L. DcKvix ‡cvKvgvK‡oi msL¨v e…w×i Rb¨ :
● avb ‡¶‡Zi AvB‡j wkg I kmv RvZxq dmj Avev` Kiv |
● Rwg‡Z cwiwgZ cwigvY cvwb ivLv|
● dmj KvUvi AšÍZ: 4/5 N›Uv ci Rwg‡Z jvOj ‡`Iqv|
● dmj KvUvi ci AvB‡j wKQy LiKyUv wewQ‡q ‡`Iqv|
● Rwg‡Z evu‡ki eyóvi ¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡g ‡evjZv c«wZcvjb Kiv|
● evjvBbvk‡Ki G‡jvcvZvwo e¨envi cwinvi Kiv|
2| evjvB mnbkxj Rv‡Zi Pvlvev`:
¶wZKviK ‡cvKvgvKo I ‡iv‡Mi AvµgY A‡bKvs‡k ‡iva Ki‡Z cv‡i| ‡hgb● we Avi 26 : mv`v-wcV MvQ dwos I e›Uv÷ ‡ivM c«wZ‡ivakxj Ges cvZv‡cvov
‡ivM, ev`vwg MvQ dwos meyR cvZv dwos Avµg‡Y ga¨g c«wZ‡ivakxj| ev`vgx MvQ
dwos I meyR cvZ dwos Avµg‡Y ga¨g c«wZ‡ivakxj
● we« avb 27: mv`v wcV MvQ dwos Gi Avµg‡b c«wZ‡ivakxj| Uys‡iv, e›Uv÷,
cvZv‡cvov ‡ivM Ges ev`vwg MvQ dwos I cvgix ‡cvKvi Avµg‡Y ga¨g c«wZ‡ivakxj |
● we« avb 31: ev`vwg MvQ dwos ‡cvKvi Avµg‡Y c«wZ‡ivakxj Ges cvZv ‡cvov I
Uys‡iv ‡iv‡M ga¨g c«wZ‡ivakxj |
● we« avb 35: ev`vwg MvQ dwos c«wZ‡ivakxj Ges Uys‡iv ‡ivM ga¨g c«wZ‡ivakxj
|
3| AvaywbK Pvlvev` c×wZi e¨envi:
my¯’ ÔexR, mwVK `~i‡Z¡ ‡ivcb, mej Pviv, mylg mvi, AvMvQv gy³ Rwg, mwVK cvwb e¨e¯’vcbv, mvwi‡Z ‡ivcY I
AvaywbK Pvlvev` c×wZ M«n‡b AwaK djb cvIqv hvq|
4| hvwš¿K `gb c×wZ:
●
●
●
●
●
nvZ Rv‡ji mvnv‡h¨ ‡cvKv a‡i gviv|
Av‡jvi dvu‡` ‡cvKv aiv |
AvµvšÍ cvZvi AvMv ‡K‡U ‡`Iqv |
cvwL emvi Rb¨ Wvj cyuZv |
nvZ w`‡q ‡cvKvi wWg msM«n K‡i ask Kiv | Gme c×wZ e¨env‡i evjvB‡K wbqš¿‡Y ivLv hvq|
5| ivmvqwbK `gb e¨e¯’v:
● wbqwgZfv‡e AcKvix I DcKvix ‡cvKvgvK‡oi Dcw¯’wZ Rwic Kiv|
● me©‡kl e¨e¯’v wn‡m‡e ‡Kej AvµvbZ¥ Rwg‡Z mwVK evjvBbvkK, mwVK mgq , mwVK gvÎvq I mwVK
c×wZ‡Z e¨envi Kiv |
c«_g 4 wU Dcv`v‡bi mvnv‡h¨ I hw` ¶wZKviK ‡cvKv- gvKo I ‡iv‡Mi AvµgY `wg‡q ivLv m¤¢e bv nq, ‡Kej ZLbB
me©‡kl e¨e¯’v wn‡m‡e evjvBbvkK e¨envi Kiv A©_vr ‡cvKvi msL¨v A_©‰bwZK Øvic«v‡šÍ (BwUGj) ‡cŠu‡Q
‡M‡j ZLbB evjvBbvkK mwVKfv‡e e¨envi Kiv `iKvi|
mgwš^Z dmj e¨e¯’vcbv
সমন্বিত ফসল ব্যব্স্থাপনা হচ্ছে একটি উৎপাদন প্রযু ন্বি যা ব্ীজ ব্পন থেচ্ছক ফসল ঘচ্ছে উঠাচ্ছনা পযযন্ত সব্
কলাচ্ছকৌশল তো ফসল উৎপাদন ও পু ন্বি ন্বব্ষচ্ছ়ে হাচ্ছত-কলচ্ছম প্রন্বশক্ষণ প্রদান কচ্ছে ক্ষুদ্র ও মাঝান্বে কৃষকচ্ছদে
ফসল উৎপাদচ্ছন দক্ষতা ব্ৃ ন্বি কো।
fvj exR evQvB K‡i Ges cieZ©x‡Z Rwgi ¸Yv¸Y i¶v K‡i I evwo‡q ‡i‡L AvaywbK c×wZ e¨envi
K‡i Kvw•LZ dmj K…lK ‡c‡Z cv‡ib| GQvov Pviv evQvB, mvi c«‡qvM, ¶wZKi ‡cvKv `gb,
AvMvQv evQvB, eÜy ‡cvKv msM«n, B`yi `gb BZ¨vw` welq GB c×wZ‡Z AwaK Kvh©Kifv‡e
GLv‡b ‡`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
এ জন্য তৈরি কিা হচ্ছে কৃষক মাঠ স্কুল ও কৃষক ক্লাব।
2q w`‡bi
সমাপ্তি