Clasificación
biológica
como una
taxonomía
cientifica
Taxonomías
folk
Clase
Orden
Género
Especie
Variedad
Systema Naturae
Nombre científico
Nomenclatura binominal -latín ej. Latimeria chalumnae
Autoridades
Códigos de Nomenclatura
* International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, ICZN)
* International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, ICBN;
incluye hongos y cianobacterias)
* International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria,
abbreviated ICNB)
* viruses (sistema Baltimore).
Tipo - fija el nombre a un taxon
- Common descent
Evolucionismo
Fenética - Taxonomía Numérica
Clustering, ordination
Sneath
Sokal
Neighbor joining
Sibley
DNA-DNA hybridization
Neighbor joining
Cladismo
Sistemática
Filogenética
Homología homoplasia
Primitivo derivado
parsimonia
W. Hennig
"Grundzüge einer Theorie der Phylogenetischen
Systematik" (1950)
Uso de modelos evolutivos
Null model
- reloj molecular
M. Kimura "The neutral
theory of molecular
evolution" (1968)
King andJukes’
"Non-Darwinian Evolution" (1969).
Tomoko Ohta
nearly neutral
theory of molecular
evolution is a
modification of the
neutral theory of
molecular evolution
that accounts for
slightly
advantageous or
deleterious
mutations at the
molecular level
nearly neutral theory predicts a
relationship between population size and
the rate of molecular evolution: in larger
populations, genetic drift, which can bring
even slightly deleterious mutations to
fixation, is a weaker force, so evolution
happens more slowly than in smaller
populations
DNA substitution mutations are of two types. Transitions are interchanges of two-ring purines
(A G) or of one-ring pyrimidines (C T): they therefore involve bases of similar shape.
Transversions are interchanges of purine for pyrimidine bases, which therefore involve
exchange of one-ring and two-ring structures.
Although there are twice as many possible transversions, because of the molecular
mechanisms by which they are generated, transition mutations are generated at higher
frequency than transversions. As well, because transitions are less likely to result in amino
acid substitutions, they are more likely to persist and hence are more frequently observed in
populations as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) than are transversions.
Nei M & Kumar S (2000) Molecular Evolution and
Phylogenetics. Oxford University Press, New York.
http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/NeutralTheory-The-Null-Hypothesis-of-Molecular-839
Tarea:
Localiza una clasificación comúnmente utilizada en algún
grupo de tu interés. De preferencia una familia, orden o
clase.
Localiza una filogenia producida para ese grupo
Compara que tanto la clasificación concuerda, refleja o
recupera la información filogenética.
Discute y propon modificaciones.
Ensayo de 2-5 páginas.