Chapter 6
qsoln = Cs x mass x ΔT = -qrxn
ΔE = Efinal - Einitial ΔE = q + w
Chapter 7
c=λν
E = h ν
q = Cs x mass x ΔT ΔE = Ccal x ΔT
ΔHrxn = qrxn/moles
ΔH = ΔE + pΔV
Ε = h c/λ
Ε = nhc/λ
ΔH0rxn = Σ n (ΔH0f products) - Σ n( ΔH0f reactants) ΔH = Hfinal – Hinitial Zeff = Z - # of core electrons Chapter 8
ΔHrxn = Σ (ΔH’s bonds broken) + Σ ( ΔH’s bonds formed)
Chapter 9
Formal Charge = # of valence electrons - (1/2 the # of bonding electrons + the # of lone pair electrons)
Some Useful Relationships
Chapter 1
Density = mass/volume
Chapter 2
# neutrons = A – Z
Atomic mass = (Fraction of isotope 1 x mass of isotope 1)
+ (fraction of isotope 2 x mass of isotope 2) +……
Chapter 4
Molarity (M) = moles/liter
% yield = (actual yield/theor. yield) * 100
M1V1 = M2V2
Chapter 5
pV=nRT
d = Mp/RT
(M in this equation is molar mass)
(p1V1 )/(n1T1) = R = (p2V2)/(n2T2)
PT = P1 + P2 + P3 + …….
Pi = χ i PT
µrms = (3RT/M)1/2 (M in this equation is molar mass)