Global status report on road safety

GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
ISBN 978 92 4 156384 0
World Health Organization
Department of Violence & Injury Prevention & Disability (VIP)
20 Avenue Appia
Geneva 27
Switzerland
E-mail: traffi[email protected]
www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT
ON ROAD SAFETY
WHO
TIME FOR ACTION
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT
ON ROAD SAFETY
TIME FOR ACTION
WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
Global status report on road safety: time for action.
1.Accidents, Traffic - statistics and numerical data. 2.Accidents, Traffic - trends. 3.Wounds and injuries - epidemiology. 4.Safety - statistics
and numerical data. 5.Data collection. I.World Health Organization. Dept. of Violence and Injury Prevention.
ISBN 978 92 4 156384 0
(NLM classification: WA 275)
Suggested citation: Global status report on road safety: time for action. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009 (www.who.int/violence_
injury_prevention/road_safety_status/2009).
© World Health Organization 2009
All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue
Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: [email protected]). Requests for permission
to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press, at the
above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail: [email protected]).
The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on
the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning
the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full
agreement.
The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World
Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary
products are distinguished by initial capital letters.
All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However,
the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation
and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use.
Printed in Switzerland.
Designed by L’IV Com Sàrl.
Made possible through funding from Bloomberg Philanthropies.
Contents
Preface
iv
Acknowledgements
v
Executive summary
vii
1. Background
An international response to road traffic injury prevention
1
4
2. The need for a global assessment of road safety
Methodology
7
8
3. The state of road safety around the world
Road traffic injuries remain a global public health problem
t-PXJODPNFBOENJEEMFJODPNFDPVOUSJFTIBWF
the highest burden and road traffic death rates
t/FBSMZIBMGPGUIPTFEZJOHPOUIFXPSMETSPBETBSF
vulnerable road users
11
11
12
14
'FXDPVOUSJFTIBWFDPNQSFIFOTJWFSPBETBGFUZMBXTUIBU
BSFXFMMFOGPSDFE
t4QFFE
t%SJOLJOHBOEESJWJOH
t6TFPGNPUPSDZDMFIFMNFUT
t4FBUCFMUVTF
t6TFPGDIJMESFTUSBJOUT
t-FHJTMBUJPOTVNNBSZ
'FXDPVOUSJFTIBWFSFMJBCMFEBUBPOSPBEUSBGmDJOKVSJFT
t%BUBPOGBUBMJUJFT
t%BUBPOOPOGBUBMJOKVSJFT
t%BUBPOFDPOPNJDDPTUT
t%BUBPONPOJUPSJOHBOEFWBMVBUJPO
4. Conclusions
4USFOHUITBOEXFBLOFTTFTPGUIJTTVSWFZ
,FZNFTTBHFTBOESFDPNNFOEBUJPOT
References
41
Country profiles
Statistical annex
227
iii
Preface
The Global status report on road safety reaffirms our understanding of road traffic injuries as a global health
BOEEFWFMPQNFOUQSPCMFN.PSFUIBONJMMJPOQFPQMFEJFPOUIFXPSMETSPBETFWFSZZFBSBOEBTNBOZBT
NJMMJPOPUIFSTBSFJOKVSFE0WFSPGUIFEFBUITPDDVSJOMPXJODPNFBOENJEEMFJODPNFDPVOUSJFT
#FZPOEUIFFOPSNPVTTVGGFSJOHUIFZDBVTFSPBEUSBGmDDSBTIFTDBOESJWFBGBNJMZJOUPQPWFSUZBTDSBTITVSWJWPST
BOEUIFJSGBNJMJFTTUSVHHMFUPDPQFXJUIUIFMPOHUFSNDPOTFRVFODFTPGUIFFWFOUJODMVEJOHUIFDPTUPGNFEJDBM
DBSFBOESFIBCJMJUBUJPOBOEBMMUPPPGUFOGVOFSBMFYQFOTFTBOEUIFMPTTPGUIFGBNJMZCSFBEXJOOFS
3PBE USBGmD JOKVSJFT BMTP QMBDF B IVHF TUSBJO PO OBUJPOBM IFBMUI TZTUFNT NBOZ PG XIJDI TVGGFS GSPN XPFGVMMZ
JOBEFRVBUFMFWFMTPGSFTPVSDFT
)JTUPSJDBMMZNBOZPGUIFNFBTVSFTJOQMBDFUPSFEVDFSPBEUSBGmDEFBUITBOEJOKVSJFTBSFBJNFEBUQSPUFDUJOHDBS
PDDVQBOUT)PXFWFSBTUIJTSFQPSUTIPXTOFBSMZIBMGPGUIPTFLJMMFEFBDIZFBSBSPVOEUIFXPSMEBSFQFEFTUSJBOT
NPUPSDZDMJTUTDZDMJTUTBOEQBTTFOHFSTJOQVCMJDUSBOTQPSUUIJTmHVSFJTFWFOIJHIFSJOUIFQPPSFSDPVOUSJFTBOE
DPNNVOJUJFTPGUIFXPSME
The Global status report on road safetyESBXTPVSBUUFOUJPOUPUIFOFFETPGBMMSPBEVTFSToJODMVEJOHUIFTFNPTU
WVMOFSBCMFHSPVQT5IFZUPPNVTUCFDPOTJEFSFEBOEHJWFOFRVBMQSJPSJUZXIFOQPMJDZEFDJTJPOTPOSPBETBGFUZ
land use and urban planning are made.
1SFWFOUJPOJTCZGBSUIFCFUUFSPQUJPO8FIBWFNVDIPGUIFLOPXMFEHFBOEFYQFSJFODFBOENBOZPGUIFUPPMT
OFFEFEUPNBLFPVSUSBOTQPSUTZTUFNTTBGFBOEIFBMUIZ#VJMEJOHTBGFSWFIJDMFTBOESPBETEFTJHOJOHJOGSBTUSVDUVSF
XJUIUIFQSPUFDUJPOPGQFEFTUSJBOTBOEDZDMJTUTJONJOEFOIBODJOHQVCMJDUSBOTQPSUBOEJNQSPWJOHPVSQFSTPOBM
CFIBWJPVSPOUIFSPBETXPVMESFEVDFJOKVSJFTBOEDPOUSJCVUFUPIFBMUIJFSQPQVMBUJPOTHFOFSBMMZ
'PSUIFTFBQQSPBDIFTUPCFSFBMJ[FEUIFSFNVTUCFDPMMBCPSBUJPOBNPOHUIFBDUPSTBOEBHFODJFTXJUIJOFBDI
DPVOUSZXIPTFQPMJDJFToEJSFDUMZPSJOEJSFDUMZoJNQBDUPOUIFTBGFUZPGUIPTFPOJUTSPBET5IFTFQBSUOFSTNVTU
VTFUIFQPXFSPGUIFFWJEFODFJOIBOEUPFODPVSBHFUIPTFJNQMFNFOUJOHSPBETBGFUZJOJUJBUJWFTBOEBEPQUJOHBOE
FOGPSDJOHMFHJTMBUJPOUPBMJHOUIFJSFGGPSUTXJUICFTUQSBDUJDFGSPNUIFmFME
With the Global status report on road safetyXFIBWFGPSUIFmSTUUJNFBOBTTFTTNFOU
POUIFTUBUVTPGSPBETBGFUZBSPVOEUIFHMPCF5IJTVOJRVFBOEDPNQBSBCMFTFU
of data confirms the relevance of this issue to the societal challenges of today. It
JEFOUJmFTDMFBSHBQTBOEPQQPSUVOJUJFTBOEJOTQJSFTVTUPBDUJPO/PXJTUIFUJNF
%S.BSHBSFU$IBO
%JSFDUPS(FOFSBM
8PSME)FBMUI0SHBOJ[BUJPO
iv
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT
5IF8PSME)FBMUI0SHBOJ[BUJPOHSBUFGVMMZBDLOPXMFEHFTUIFDPOUSJCVUJPOTNBEFUPUIJT3FQPSUCZUIFGPMMPXJOH
WHO headquarters in Geneva:$PPSEJOBUJPOGPSUIFEFWFMPQNFOUPGUIJTSFQPSUXBTQSPWJEFECZ.BSHJF1FEFO
5IFSFQPSUXBTXSJUUFOCZ5BNJ5PSPZBODPVOUSZQSPmMFTXFSFDPNQJMFECZ"MJTPO)BSWFZBOEUIFTUBUJTUJDBMBOBMZTJT
XBTEPOFCZ,JEJTU#BSUPMPNFPTBOE,BDFN*BZDI0UIFSTXIPDPOUSJCVUFEUPJUTEFWFMPQNFOUXFSF"MB"MXBO
.FMFDLJE[FEFDL,IBZFTJ&UJFOOF,SVH1BTDBMF-BOWFST$BTBTPMB4UFWFO-BVXFST$PMJO.BUIFST4VTBO1JB[[B
BOE-BVSB4NJOLFZ
WHO African Region:%JFZOBCB%JBMMP3FHJPOBM%BUB$PPSEJOBUPS
0MJWF,PCVTJOHZF
WHO Region of the Americas:7JMNB(BXSZT[FXTLJ3FHJPOBM%BUB$PPSEJOBUPS
&VHºOJB3PESJHVFT
WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region: )BMB "CPV5BMFC 3FHJPOBM %BUB $PPSEJOBUPS
+BGGBS )VTTBJO
)BMB4BLS
WHO European Region: .BOVFMB (BMMJUUP 3JNNB ,V[OFUTPWB 'SBODFTDB 3BDJPQQJ %JOFTI 4FUIJ
'SBODFTDP;BNCPO3FHJPOBM%BUB$PPSEJOBUPS
WHO South-East Asia Region:4BMJN$IPXEIVSZ3FHJPOBM%BUB$PPSEJOBUPS
$IBNBJQBSO4BOUJLBSO
WHO Western Pacific Region:-J%BO.BZFU%BSBOH0MHB%JB[)JTBTIJ0HBXB,SJTIOBO3BKBN3FHJPOBM
%BUB$PPSEJOBUPS
$PVOUSZMFWFMEBUBDPVMEOPUIBWFCFFOPCUBJOFEXJUIPVUUIFJOWBMVBCMFJOQVUPG
t 5IF8)03FQSFTFOUBUJWFTBOETUBGGJODPVOUSJFT
t 5IF/BUJPOBM%BUB$PPSEJOBUPSTTFF5BCMF"JO4UBUJTUJDBM"OOFY
t "MMSFTQPOEFOUTBOEBUUFOEFFTPGUIFDPOTFOTVTNFFUJOHTJODPVOUSJFTBOE
t (PWFSONFOUPGmDJBMTXIPQSPWJEFEDMFBSBODFPGUIFJOGPSNBUJPOGPSJODMVTJPOJOUIF3FQPSU
5IFSFQPSUBMTPCFOFmUFEGSPNUIFDPOUSJCVUJPOTPGUIFGPMMPXJOH
t ,FMMZ)FOOJOHBOE,FMMZ-BSTPOGSPN#MPPNCFSH1IJMBOUISPQJFTBOE5PN'SJFEFO)FBMUI$PNNJTTJPOFSGSPN
/FX:PSL$JUZXIPQSPWJEFEJOWBMVBCMFUFDIOJDBMJOQVU
t /PCMF"QQJBI(SBOU#BMEXJO.BUUT"LB#FMJO3JUB$VZQFST.JDIBFM'JU[IBSSJT(PQBMBLSJTIOB(VSVSBK
.BSJB*TBCFM(VUJ¹SSF["EOBO")ZEFS:PIBOOFT,JOGV3JDIBSE.BU[PQPVMPT%JOFTI.PIBO&WB.PMOBS
"OESFX1FBSDF*BO3PCFSUT%BWJE4JMDPDL#KPSO4UBGCPSO$MBFT5JOHWBMM.BSUJKO"MFYBOEFS7JT%BWJE8BSE
BOE'SFE8FHNBOXIPQSPWJEFEFYQFSUBEWJDFBOESFWJFXDPNNFOUT
t %BWJE#SBNMFZXIPFEJUFEUIF3FQPSU
t 4VTBO,BQMBOXIPQSPPGSFBEUIF3FQPSU
t (SBQIJDEFTJHOFSTGSPN-*7$PN4µSMXIPQSPEVDFEUIFEFTJHOBOEMBZPVU
t "SUJTU+PIO4BLBSTGPSUIFNVSBMSFQSPEVDFEPOUIFDPWFSBOEHSBDJPVTMZPOMPBOGSPN$FOUFOOJBM4FDPOEBSZ
4DIPPMQIPUPHSBQIZPGNVSBMCZ$MBVEJB"VCFSUJO7FEPWB4UVEJP4PVUIXFTUBOE
t "MMUIFUSBOTMBUPSTXIPQSFQBSFEWBSJPVTMBOHVBHFWFSTJPOTPGUIJT3FQPSU
'JOBMMZUIF8PSME)FBMUI0SHBOJ[BUJPOXJTIFTUPUIBOL#MPPNCFSH1IJMBOUISPQJFTGPSJUTHFOFSPVTmOBODJBMTVQQPSU
for the development and publication of this Report.
v
Executive summary
conducted in 2008. The results provide
a benchmark that countries can use to
assess their road safety position relative
to other countries, while internationally
the data presented can collectively
be considered as a global “baseline”
against which progress over time can
be measured. The Global status report
presents a number of key findings:
t -PXJODPNF BOE NJEEMFJODPNF
countries have higher road traffic
fatality rates (21.5 and 19.5 per
100 000 population, respectively)
than high-income countries (10.3
per 100 000). Over 90% of the
world’s fatalities on the roads occur
in low-income and middle-income
countries, which have only 48%
of the world’s registered vehicles.
Over 90% of the
world’s fatalities on
the roads occur in
low-income and
middle-income
countries, which
have only 48% of the
world’s vehicles.
>V]b]2;]VO\B@7>>
O
ver 1.2 million people die each
year on the world’s roads, and
between 20 and 50 million
suffer non-fatal injuries. In most regions
of the world this epidemic of road traffic
injuries is still increasing. In the past five
years most countries have endorsed the
recommendations of the World report on
road traffic injury prevention which give
guidance on how countries can implement
a comprehensive approach to improving
road safety and reducing the death toll
on their roads. To date, however, there
has been no global assessment of road
safety that indicates the extent to which
this approach is being implemented. This
Global status report on road safety is
the first broad assessment of the status
of road safety in 178 countries, using
data drawn from a standardized survey
vii
%FBUI SBUFT IBWF CFFO EFDMJOJOH
over the last four to five decades in
NBOZIJHIJODPNFDPVOUSJFT&WFOJO
UIFTFDPVOUSJFTSPBEUSBGmDJOKVSJFT
SFNBJOBOJNQPSUBOUDBVTFPGEFBUI
injury and disability.
t "MNPTUIBMGPGUIPTFXIPEJFJOSPBE
USBGmDDSBTIFTBSFQFEFTUSJBOTDZDMJTUT
PS VTFST PG NPUPSJ[FE UXPXIFFMFST
o DPMMFDUJWFMZ LOPXO BT iWVMOFSBCMF
SPBEVTFSTwoBOEUIJTQSPQPSUJPOJT
higher in the poorer economies of the
XPSME'PSFYBNQMFXIJMFJOUIFIJHI
income countries of the Americas
3FHJPOPGSFQPSUFESPBEEFBUIT
BSF BNPOH WFIJDMF PDDVQBOUT UIJT
TJUVBUJPOJTWFSZEJGGFSFOUJOUIFMPX
JODPNFBOENJEEMFJODPNFDPVOUSJFT
PGUIF8FTUFSO1BDJmD3FHJPOXIFSF
PG SFQPSUFE SPBE EFBUIT BSF
among vulnerable road users. The
report suggests that not enough is
being done to meet the needs of
UIFTFWVMOFSBCMFHSPVQT'PSJOTUBODF
TQFFE JT B LFZ SJTL GBDUPS GPS JOKVSZ
BNPOH QFEFTUSJBOT BOE DZDMJTUT
BOEZFUPOMZPGDPVOUSJFTNFFU
basic criteria for reducing speed in
VSCBO BSFBT XIJMF MFTT UIBO of countries rate the enforcement of
their speed limits as effective. Traffic
DBMNJOHNFBTVSFTQBSUJDVMBSMZXIFSF
different groups of road users are not
TFQBSBUFE
JOGSBTUSVDUVSFBOEQPMJDZ
NFBTVSFT UIBU BMMPX SPBE VTFST UP
XBMLBOEDZDMFTBGFMZBOENFBTVSFT
UIBUJNQSPWFUIFRVBMJUZPGBOEBDDFTT
UPQVCMJDUSBOTQPSUBSFBMTPMBDLJOH
.BOZPGUIFNFBTVSFTTIPXOUPCF
effective at reducing road traffic
injuries among vulnerable road
users can also have other effects on
health such as improved respiratory
IFBMUIBTBSFTVMUPGSFEVDFEFYIBVTU
FNJTTJPOT
BOE UIF QPTJUJWF FGGFDUT
BTTPDJBUFE XJUI JODSFBTFE QIZTJDBM
activity.
viii
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
t 5IF BEPQUJPO BOE FOGPSDFNFOU PG
USBGmD MBXT BQQFBST JOBEFRVBUF JO
many countries. The development and
effective enforcement of legislation is
DSJUJDBMJOSFEVDJOHESJOLoESJWJOHBOE
FYDFTTJWF TQFFE BOE JO JODSFBTJOH
UIF VTF PG IFMNFUT TFBUCFMUT BOE
DIJMESFTUSBJOUT5IJTTVSWFZTIPXFE
UIBU GFXFS UIBO IBMG UIF DPVOUSJFT
IBWF MBXT UP BEESFTT BMM GJWF PG
UIFTF SJTL GBDUPST XIJMF POMZ IBWF MBXT UIBU DBO CF DPOTJEFSFE
comprehensive in scope. 1 0WFS
PGDPVOUSJFTIBWFTPNFLJOEPG
OBUJPOBMESJOLoESJWJOHMBXZFUPOMZ
PG DPVOUSJFT TUJQVMBUF B MFHBM
blood alcohol concentration limit
PGMFTTUIBOPSFRVBMUPHSBNT
QFS EFDJMJUSF BT SFDPNNFOEFE JO
the World report 4JNJMBSMZ POMZ
PGDPVOUSJFTIBWFBNPUPSDZDMF
IFMNFU MBX UIBU DPWFST CPUI SJEFST
BOEQBTTFOHFSTBOENBOEBUFUIBU
helmets should meet a specific
national or international standard.
0OMZPGDPVOUSJFTSFRVJSFTFBU
belts to be used by passengers in both
GSPOUBOESFBSTFBUTBOEXIJMF
PGIJHIJODPNFDPVOUSJFTIBWFBMBX
SFRVJSJOH ZPVOH DIJMESFO JO DBST UP
CFSFTUSBJOFEXJUIBQQSPQSJBUFDIJME
SFTUSBJOUTPOMZPGMPXJODPNF
DPVOUSJFTIBWFTJNJMBSSFRVJSFNFOUT
&OGPSDFNFOUTDPSFTGPSBMMUIFTFSJTL
GBDUPST JT HFOFSBMMZ MPX TVHHFTUJOH
UIBU SPBE TBGFUZ MBX FOGPSDFNFOU
OFFETUPCFJNQSPWFE5IJTSFRVJSFT
QPMJUJDBM XJMM BOE FOTVSJOH UIBU MBX
enforcement agencies are given
sufficient human and financial
resources to mount sustainable and
effective enforcement activities.
t "EESFTTJOH SPBE TBGFUZ JO B
comprehensive manner necessitates
UIFJOWPMWFNFOUPGNVMUJQMFTFDUPST
1 The criteria used to define “comprehensive” in relation to laws on speed, drink–driving,
and use of helmets, seat-belts and child restraints are described in the main text.
such as health, transport and
police. A coordinated response
to the problem includes the
development and implementation
of a multisectoral strategy on
road traffic injury prevention with
sufficient finances for planned
activities to be achieved within a
specified timeframe. While many
countries have taken positive steps
towards improving the institutional
frameworks needed to support road
safety efforts, many challenges
remain. Only one-third of countries
have a national road safety strategy
that is endorsed by the government,
that includes specific targets, and
that has funding allocated for its
implementation.
• Finally, the report shows that
huge gaps remain in the quality
and coverage of the data that
countries collect and report on
road traffic injuries. Reliable data
on fatalities and non-fatal injuries
are needed by countries to assess
the scope of the road traffic injury
problem, to target responses to
it, and to monitor and evaluate
the effectiveness of intervention
measures. Underreporting of road
traffic fatalities remains a big
problem in many countries, and the
situation is even worse with regard to
non-fatal injuries. Furthermore, the
lack of harmonization of terminology
between countries, and even
between sectors within them, limits
comparability of data. For instance,
varying time periods between the
crash and death are used to define a
road traffic death, and the definition
of a severe non-fatal injury also
varies. Just 22% of countries had
information on the extent of their
WHO predicts that
road traffic injuries
will rise to become
the fifth leading
cause of death by
2030.
Leading causes of death, 2004 and 2030 compared
TOTAL 2004
RANK
TOTAL 2030
%
RANK
1
Ischaemic heart disease
LEADING CAUSE
12.2
1
Ischaemic heart disease
LEADING CAUSE
14.2
%
2
Cerebrovascular disease
9.7
2
Cerebrovascular disease
12.1
3
Lower respiratory infections
7.0
3
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
8.6
4
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
5.1
4
Lower respiratory infections
3.8
5
Diarrhoeal diseases
3.6
5
Road traffic injuries
3.6
6
HIV/AIDS
3.5
6
Trachea, bronchus, lung cancers
3.4
7
Tuberculosis
2.5
7
Diabetes mellitus
3.3
8
Trachea, bronchus, lung cancers
2.3
8
Hypertensive heart disease
2.1
9
Road traffic injuries
2.2
9
Stomach cancer
1.9
10
Prematurity and low birth weight
2.0
10
HIV/AIDS
1.8
11
Neonatal infections and other
1.9
11
Nephritis and nephrosis
1.6
12
Diabetes mellitus
1.9
12
Self-inflicted injuries
1.5
13
Malaria
1.7
13
Liver cancer
1.4
14
Hypertensive heart disease
1.7
14
Colon and rectum cancer
1.4
15
Birth asphyxia and birth trauma
1.5
15
Oesophagus cancer
1.3
16
Self-inflicted injuries
1.4
16
Violence
1.2
17
Stomach cancer
1.4
17
Alzheimer and other dementias
1.2
18
Cirrhosis of the liver
1.3
18
Cirrhosis of the liver
1.2
19
Nephritis and nephrosis
1.3
19
Breast cancer
1.1
20
Colon and rectum cancers
1.1
20
Tuberculosis
1.0
a
Comprises severe neonatal infections and other, noninfectious causes arising in the perinatal period.
Source: World health statistics 2008 (http://www.who.int/whosis/whostat/2008/en/index.html)
a
ix
SPBEUSBGmDJOKVSZQSPCMFNUIFDPTUT
incurred by their health sector or
UIFJS OBUJPOBM FDPOPNJFT BOE UIF
data needed to monitor and evaluate
interventions accurately.
5IFSF JT B HSPXJOH CPEZ PG TPVOE
scientific evidence on the steps necessary
UP JNQSPWF SPBE TBGFUZ 5IF MBTU GFX
years have seen an increase in political
XJMM JO NBOZ DPVOUSJFT XJUI B OVNCFS
PG UIFTF NFBTVSFT JNQMFNFOUFE XJEFMZ
XIJMFSPBETBGFUZIBTSFDFJWFEJODSFBTJOH
international attention and support.
)PXFWFS UIF SFTVMUT QSFTFOUFE JO UIJT
Global status report TIPXUIBUNVDINPSF
needs to be done. Key recommendations
GSPNUIJTSFQPSUBSF
t (PWFSONFOUT OFFE UP UBLF JOUP
consideration the needs of all road
VTFSTXIFONBLJOHQPMJDZEFDJTJPOT
that impact on road safety. To
EBUFUIFOFFETPGWVMOFSBCMFSPBE
users have been neglected in many
countries and should be given
SFOFXFEFNQIBTJTQBSUJDVMBSMZXIFO
decisions are made about road
JOGSBTUSVDUVSF MBOEVTF QMBOOJOH
and transport services.
t 5IFFOGPSDFNFOUPGDPNQSFIFOTJWF
BOEDMFBSMFHJTMBUJPOXJUIBQQSPQSJBUF
penalties and accompanied by
QVCMJD BXBSFOFTT DBNQBJHOT JT B
critical factor in reducing road traffic
JOKVSJFTBOEEFBUIT&OGPSDFNFOUPG
BMMSPBETBGFUZMBXTOFFETUPCFCPUI
improved and sustained.
t (PWFSONFOUTOFFEUPFOTVSFUIBUUIF
institutions nominated as responsible
for action on road safety are fostering
multisectoral collaboration and have
the necessary human and financial
resources to act effectively.
t (PWFSONFOUT OFFE UP FODPVSBHF
DPMMBCPSBUJPOCFUXFFOUIFEJGGFSFOU
sectors involved in collecting and
reporting data on road traffic injuries.
5IJTJOWPMWFTJNQSPWJOHEBUBMJOLBHFT
CFUXFFO QPMJDF USBOTQPSU BOE
IFBMUITFSWJDFTBTXFMMBTJODSFBTJOH
IVNBO DBQBDJUZ UP VOEFSUBLF EBUB
collection.
This Global status report TIPXT UIBU
OP DPVOUSZ DBO BGGPSE UP TJU CBDL BOE
BTTVNF UIBU JUT SPBE TBGFUZ XPSL JT
DPNQMFUF4JHOJmDBOUQSPHSFTTJOOBUJPOBM
SPBETBGFUZSFRVJSFTDMPTFDPMMBCPSBUJPO
t (PWFSONFOUT OFFE UP FOBDU CFUXFFO SFMFWBOU MFBEFST BOE BHFODJFT
DPNQSFIFOTJWFMBXTUIBUSFRVJSFBMM XIPTF QPMJDJFT o EJSFDUMZ PS JOEJSFDUMZ
road users to be protected through o JNQBDU PO UIF TBGFUZ PG UIPTF PO UIF
enforcement of speed limits that are roads. The international community must
appropriate to the type and function also play its part in halting and reversing
PGUIFSPBEUISPVHIUIFTUJQVMBUJPO the current global trend of increasing
of blood alcohol concentration limits SPBEUSBGmDEFBUITCZSFDPHOJ[JOHSPBE
UPSFEVDFESJOLoESJWJOHBOEUISPVHI traffic injuries as an important health and
the use of appropriate occupant development problem and by intensifying
QSPUFDUJPO NFBTVSFT &YJTUJOH support for prevention.
MFHJTMBUJPOTIPVMECFSFWJFXFEBOE
BNFOEFE UP DPOGPSN XJUI HPPE
practices that are based on sound
evidence of effectiveness.
x
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
R
#BDLHSPVOE
oad transportation provides benefits
both to nations and to individuals by
facilitating the movement of goods
and people. It enables increased access
UP KPCT FDPOPNJD NBSLFUT FEVDBUJPO
SFDSFBUJPOBOEIFBMUIDBSFXIJDIJOUVSO
have direct and indirect positive impacts
POUIFIFBMUIPGQPQVMBUJPOT)PXFWFS
the increase in road transportation has
also placed a considerable burden on
QFPQMFT IFBMUI o JO UIF GPSN PG SPBE
USBGmDJOKVSJFTSFTQJSBUPSZJMMOFTTFTBOE
UIFIFBMUIDPOTFRVFODFTUIBUFOTVFGSPN
a reduction in physical activity. There are
BEEJUJPOBMOFHBUJWFFDPOPNJDTPDJBMBOE
FOWJSPONFOUBM DPOTFRVFODFT UIBU BSJTF
from the movement of people and goods
PO UIF SPBET o TVDI BT BJS QPMMVUJPO
HSFFOIPVTFHBTFNJTTJPOTDPOTVNQUJPO
PGmOJUFSFTPVSDFTDPNNVOJUZTFWFSBODF
and noise.
"DDPSEJOH UP 8)0T (MPCBM #VSEFO
PG %JTFBTF 1SPKFDU GPS SPBE
traffic crashes caused over 1.27 million
EFBUIT UIBU ZFBS o B TJNJMBS OVNCFS UP
>V]b]@8SbVO\W !4@:W[WbSR
1
#FUXFFOBOEUIF
number of motorized vehicles in
5IBJMBOEBMNPTUEPVCMFEGSPN
NJMMJPOUPNJMMJPO
1
those caused by many communicable
diseases . Road traffic injuries affect
BMMBHFHSPVQTCVUUIFJSJNQBDUJTNPTU
TUSJLJOHBNPOHUIFZPVOH5BCMFTIPXT
that road traffic injuries are consistently
one of the top three causes of death for
QFPQMFBHFECFUXFFOBOEZFBST
JOKVSFEJOSPBEUSBGmDDSBTIFTJO
IBE B TVCTFRVFOU EJTBCJMJUZ XIJMF
in India an estimated 2 million people
have a disability that results from a road
traffic crash # $ 4JUVBUJPOT MJLF UIFTF
IBWF JNQPSUBOU DPOTFRVFODFT PO UIF
demand for services needed to address
disability.
While road traffic death rates in many
IJHIJODPNF DPVOUSJFT IBWF TUBCJMJ[FE
PS EFDMJOFE JO SFDFOU EFDBEFT EBUB
TVHHFTUUIBUJONPTUSFHJPOTPGUIFXPSME
the global epidemic of traffic injuries is
still increasing. It has been estimated
UIBU VOMFTT JNNFEJBUF BDUJPO JT UBLFO
SPBEEFBUITXJMMSJTFUPUIFmGUIMFBEJOH
DBVTF PG EFBUI CZ SFTVMUJOH JO
an estimated 2.4 million fatalities per
year .
The road traffic injury epidemic also has
considerable impact on the economies
PG NBOZ DPVOUSJFT QBSUJDVMBSMZ MPX
JODPNF BOE NJEEMFJODPNF DPVOUSJFT
UIBU BSF GSFRVFOUMZ TUSVHHMJOH XJUI
other development needs. The global
losses due to road traffic injuries are
FTUJNBUFE UP CF 64 CJMMJPO1 and
DPTU HPWFSONFOUT CFUXFFO BOE PG UIFJS HSPTT OBUJPOBM QSPEVDU o NPSF
than the total amount that these countries
*OBEEJUJPOUPGBUBMJUJFTNBOZMFTTTFWFSF receive in development assistance "%.
JOKVSJFTBSFDBVTFECZSPBEUSBGmDDSBTIFT
CFUXFFO BOE NJMMJPO OPOGBUBM Persons from poor economic settings are
injuries are estimated to occur annually disproportionately affected by road traffic
BSPVOEUIFXPSME!"5IFTFOPOGBUBM JOKVSJFTFWFOJOIJHIJODPNFDPVOUSJFT
injuries are also an important cause of 'PSJOTUBODFBTUVEZJO/FX4PVUI8BMFT
disability "TUVEZJO5VSLFZFTUJNBUFE "VTUSBMJBGPVOEUIBUDIJMESFOPGSFMBUJWFMZ
UIBU PG BQQSPYJNBUFMZ QFPQMF
1 A billion here is used to refer to one thousand million.
Road traffic injuries
are one of the top
three causes of
death for people
BOEZFBST
2
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
>V]b]>/6=
BHFECFUXFFO
Table 1. Leading causes of death by age, world, 2004
RANK
0–4 YRS
5–14 YRS
1
Perinatal causes
Lower respiratory
infections
15–29 YRS
30–44 YRS
45–69 YRS
70+ YRS
TOTAL
Tuberculosis
Ischaemic heart
disease
Cerebrovascular
disease
Tuberculosis
Road traffic injuries
HIV/AIDS
Ischaemic heart
disease
Cerebrovascular
disease
Lower respiratory
infections
Drownings
Violence
Ischaemic heart
disease
Tuberculosis
Measles
Meningitis
Self-inflicted injuries
Self-inflicted injuries
Chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease
6
Congenital anomalies
Diarrhoeal diseases
Lower respiratory
infections
Violence
Chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease
Trachea, bronchus,
lung cancers
Ischaemic heart
disease
Cerebrovascular
disease
Chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease
Lower respiratory
infections
Trachea, bronchus,
lung cancers
Road traffic injuries
HIV/AIDS
2
Lower respiratory
infections
Road traffic injuries
HIV/AIDS
3
Diarrhoeal diseases
Malaria
4
Malaria
5
Diabetes mellitus
Diarrhoeal diseases
7
HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS
Drownings
Cirrhosis of the liver
Hypertensive heart
disease
HIV/AIDS
8
Whooping cough
Tuberculosis
Fires
Lower respiratory
infections
Cerebrovascular
disease
Road traffic injuries
Stomach cancer
Tuberculosis
9
Meningitis
Protein–energy
malnutrition
War and conflict
Cirrhosis of the liver
Lower respiratory
infections
Trachea, bronchus,
lung cancers
10
Tetanus
Fires
Poisonings
Diabetes mellitus
11
Measles
Leukaemia
Stomach cancer
13
Drownings
Congenital anomalies
Abortion
Liver cancer
Liver cancer
14
Road traffic injuries
Trypanosomiasis
Oesophagus cancer
Fires
Falls
Cirrhosis of the liver
Stomach cancer
16
Tuberculosis
Epilepsy
Diarrhoeal diseases
War and conflict
Breast cancer
Hypertensive heart
disease
Nephritis and
nephrosis
Malaria
Hypertensive heart
disease
Self-inflicted injuries
15
Leukaemia
Cerebrovascular
disease
Maternal
haemorrhage
Fires
Nephritis and
nephrosis
Drownings
Self-inflicted injuries
12
Protein–energy
malnutrition
Syphilis
Maternal
haemorrhage
Ischaemic heart
disease
Poisonings
Colon and rectum
cancers
Nephritis and
nephrosis
Alzheimer and other
dementias
Tuberculosis
Inflammatory heart
diseases
Cirrhosis of the liver
17
Endocrine disorders
Leishmaniasis
Falls
Falls
Oesophagus cancer
Breast cancer
18
Violence
Meningitis
Diarrhoeal diseases
Colon and rectum
cancers
Prostate cancer
19
Upper respiratory
infections
Iron deficiency
anaemia
Nephritis and
nephrosis
Colon and rectum
cancers
War and conflict
Nephritis and
nephrosis
Liver cancer
Poisonings
Falls
Liver cancer
20
Epilepsy
Poisonings
Malaria
Trachea, bronchus,
lung cancers
Mouth and oropharynx
cancers
Road traffic injuries
Violence
Breast cancer
Perinatal causes
Road traffic injuries
Diabetes mellitus
>V]b]>EWZYSà]\0WUAb]QY>V]b]Q][
Source: WHO (2008), Global Burden of Disease: 2004 update.
Teenage drivers are at increased
SJTLPGSPBEUSBGmDDSBTIFT
CENTRE While the figures on road traffic deaths point to
UIFFYUFOUPGUIFQSPCMFNBSPVOEUIFXPSMEUIFZGBJM
to tell the full story and to reflect the devastation and
TVGGFSJOHUIBUFBDIPGUIFTFEFBUITCSJOHTUPUIFGBNJMZ
friends and community of those affected.
>V]b]19VOa\OPWaE6=
>V]b]Q`SRWb(
Those physically disabled as a result of a motor
vehicle collision often face stigma and discrimination
XIJDIDBOMFBEUPTPDJBMFEVDBUJPOBMPDDVQBUJPOBM
BOEmOBODJBMEFQSJWBUJPO*OBEEJUJPONBOZIBWF
NFOUBMIFBMUIDPOTFRVFODFTTVDIBTQPTUUSBVNBUJD
TUSFTTEJTPSEFSQIPCJBTBOYJFUZBOEEFQSFTTJPO
PHOTO LEFT
"TXFMMBTUIFQFSTPOBMDPTUTSPBEUSBGmDJOKVSJFT
place a huge demand on health services.
RIGHT
Road traffic injuries
TIPXBTUFFQ
socioeconomic
HSBEJFOUXJUI
those from more
disadvantaged
CBDLHSPVOETBUIJHIFS
SJTLUIBOUIFJSNPSF
affluent counterparts.
4
MPXFS TPDJPFDPOPNJD TUBUVT XFSF BU
IJHIFTU SJTL PG B SPBE USBGmD JOKVSZ &.
4JNJMBSMZ SFTFBSDI GSPN #BOHBMPSF
*OEJB GPVOE UIBU NPSUBMJUZ GSPN SPBE
USBGmD JOKVSJFT XBT BOE QFS
JO UIF QPPSFS TPDJPFDPOPNJD
groups of urban and rural populations
SFTQFDUJWFMZ DPNQBSFE UP BOE
QFS BNPOH UIFJS NPSF
affluent urban and rural counterparts
' "T XFMM BT CFJOH BU JODSFBTFE SJTL
disadvantaged families are hardest hit
by the financial pressure resulting from
road traffic crashes. Poor families are less
MJLFMZUPIBWFUIFmOBODJBMSFTPVSDFTUP
pay the direct and indirect costs related
to a road traffic crash. Many families are
driven deeper into poverty by the loss of
BGBNJMZCSFBEXJOOFSGVOFSBMDPTUTUIF
expenses of prolonged medical care and
SFIBCJMJUBUJPO PS UISPVHI FBSOJOHT MPTU
XIJMFDBSJOHGPSTPNFPOFXIPJTJOKVSFE
or disabled .
demand placed on health professionals.
*O,FOZBGPSFYBNQMFSPBEUSBGmDJOKVSZ
QBUJFOUT SFQSFTFOU CFUXFFO o PG
BMM BENJTTJPOT UP TVSHJDBM XBSET .
4JNJMBSMZTUVEJFTJO*OEJBTIPXUIBUSPBE
USBGmD JOKVSJFT BDDPVOU GPS o PG
FNFSHFODZSPPNSFHJTUSBUJPOTo
PGIPTQJUBMBENJTTJPOTBOEoPG
QFPQMFIPTQJUBMJ[FEXJUIUSBVNBUJDCSBJO
injuries .
An international response
to road traffic injury
prevention
The need to reduce road traffic deaths
BOEJOKVSJFTIBTCFFOBDLOPXMFEHFECZ
UIF6OJUFE/BUJPOTTZTUFNBOEJUT.FNCFS
4UBUFT GPS OFBSMZ ZFBST 3PBE TBGFUZ
XPSL IBT CFFO DBSSJFE PVU CZ WBSJPVT
HMPCBM BOE SFHJPOBM PSHBOJ[BUJPOT
JODMVEJOHUIF8PSME)FBMUI0SHBOJ[BUJPO
8)0
UIF 8PSME #BOL UIF 6OJUFE
Road traffic injuries place a huge strain /BUJPOT 3FHJPOBM $PNNJTTJPOT BOE B
on health care services in terms of number of the regional development
mOBODJBMSFTPVSDFTCFEPDDVQBODZBOE CBOLT
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
>V]b];>SRS\E6=
>V]b];>SRS\E6=
*OUIF8PSME)FBMUI0SHBOJ[BUJPO
BOE UIF 8PSME #BOL KPJOUMZ MBVODIFE
the World report on road traffic injury
prevention ". This document stressed the
role of many sectors in the prevention of
road traffic injuries. It also described the
fundamental concepts of road traffic injury
QSFWFOUJPOUIFNBHOJUVEFBOEJNQBDUPG
SPBEUSBGmDJOKVSJFTUIFNBKPSEFUFSNJOBOUT
BOESJTLGBDUPSTBOEFGGFDUJWFJOUFSWFOUJPO
strategies. The World report concluded
XJUITJYSFDPNNFOEBUJPOTUIBUDPVOUSJFT
TIPVMEGPMMPXUPJNQSPWFUIFJSSPBETBGFUZ
TJUVBUJPOOBNFMZ
1. Identify a lead agency in government
to guide the national road traffic
safety effort.
"TTFTT UIF QSPCMFN QPMJDJFT BOE
institutional settings relating to road
traffic injury and the capacity for
road traffic injury prevention in each
country.
1SFQBSF B OBUJPOBM SPBE TBGFUZ
strategy and plan of action.
4. Allocate financial and human
resources to address the problem.
*NQMFNFOUTQFDJmDBDUJPOTUPQSFWFOU
SPBEUSBGmDDSBTIFTNJOJNJ[FJOKVSJFT
BOEUIFJSDPOTFRVFODFTBOEFWBMVBUF
the impact of these actions. These
BDUJPOTJODMVEFNFBTVSFTUPSFEVDF
FYDFTTJWFBOEJOBQQSPQSJBUFTQFFEUP
SFEVDFESJOLoESJWJOHBOEUPJODSFBTF
UIFVTFPGNPUPSDZDMFIFMNFUTTFBU
belts and child restraints.
4VQQPSU UIF EFWFMPQNFOU PG
national capacity and international
cooperation.
The World repor t promoted a
comprehensive approach to road safety
XIJDIJOWPMWFTJEFOUJGZJOHUIFJOUFSBDUJPOT
CFUXFFOUIFSPBEVTFSUIFWFIJDMFBOE
UIFSPBEFOWJSPONFOUoJFUIFQPUFOUJBM
BSFBT GPS JOUFSWFOUJPO 5IJT BQQSPBDI
PGUFO DBMMFE UIF TZTUFNT BQQSPBDI
recognizes that the human body is highly
vulnerable to injury and that humans
NBLFNJTUBLFT"TBGFSPBEUSBGmDTZTUFN
is therefore one that accommodates and
compensates for human vulnerability and
GBMMJCJMJUZ 'JHVSF 5P BEPQU B TZTUFNT
approach necessitates the involvement
and the close collaboration of a number
PG TFDUPST o USBOTQPSU QPMJDF IFBMUI
JOEVTUSZDJWJMTPDJFUZBOETQFDJBMJOUFSFTU
groups. Fundamental to implementing
this approach is the collection of accurate
data on the magnitude of road traffic
DSBTIFTBOEPOSJTLGBDUPST5IFDPVOUSJFT
that have made the most progress in road
safety are those that have adopted this
comprehensive approach.
5IF GPMMPXJOH NPOUI UIF 8PSME )FBMUI
"TTFNCMZBEPQUFESFTPMVUJPO8)"
POi3PBETBGFUZBOEIFBMUIwXIJDIDBMMFE
PO8)0.FNCFS4UBUFTUPQSJPSJUJ[FSPBE
TBGFUZ BT B QVCMJD IFBMUI JTTVF BOE UP
UBLF TUFQT UP JNQMFNFOU NFBTVSFT UIBU
BSF LOPXO UP CF FGGFDUJWF JO SFEVDJOH
SPBE USBGmD JOKVSJFT 4VCTFRVFOU 6OJUFE
/BUJPOT(FOFSBM"TTFNCMZSFTPMVUJPOTUIBU
XFSF BEPQUFE JO CPUI BOE SFJOGPSDFEUIFDBMMGPS.FNCFS4UBUFTUP
increase the attention paid to road traffic
JOKVSZ QSFWFOUJPO JO HFOFSBM BOE UP UIF
implementation of the recommendations
*O "QSJM TPPO BGUFS UIF MBVODI PG of the World report in particular.1 This
the World report UIF 6OJUFE /BUJPOT document reports on the progress
(FOFSBM "TTFNCMZ BEPQUFE SFTPMVUJPO made in implementing some of the
PO i*NQSPWJOH HMPCBM SPBE recommendations of the World report.
TBGFUZw XIJDI SFDPHOJ[FE UIF World
report and endorsed its recommendations.
1 For the full text of these resolutions, see http://www.who.int/roadsafety/about/resolutions/
en/index.html.
Figure 1. The systems approach to road safety
Source: Adapted from reference 13.
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
2
The need for a
global assessment
of road safety
A
>V]b]2<]dOY]dWQ0WUAb]QY>V]b]Q][
s more countries begin or &YBNQMFTPGTVDIBTTFTTNFOUTJODMVEF
tSFHVMBSDPNQBSJTPOTPGSPBETBGFUZ
DPOUJOVF UP UBLF TUFQT UPXBSET
performance on a number of
addressing their national road
JOEJDBUPST JO &VSPQFBO DPVOUSJFT
TBGFUZQSPCMFNJUIBTCFDPNFBQQBSFOU
DPOEVDUFE CZ UIF &VSPQFBO 3PBE
that regular global assessments of road
4BGFUZ0CTFSWBUPSZ
TBGFUZ BSF OFFEFE 5IFTF BSF SFRVJSFE
tSFHJPOBMSFQPSUTPOUIFJOTUJUVUJPOBM
OPU POMZ UP NFBTVSF HMPCBM QSPHSFTT
road safety capacity of member
but also to enable countries to compare
DPVOUSJFTTVDIBTUIPTFDPOEVDUFE
UIFJS SPBE TBGFUZ TJUVBUJPO XJUI PUIFS
CZUIF"TTPDJBUJPOPG4PVUIFBTU"TJBO
DPVOUSJFT 4VDI B HMPCBM BTTFTTNFOU
/BUJPOTBOEUIF"TJBO%FWFMPQNFOU
SFRVJSFT B TUBOEBSEJ[FE NFUIPEPMPHZ
#BOL
UIBU DBO QSPWJEF HPWFSONFOUT EPOPST
t UIF *OUFSOBUJPOBM 3PBE 5SBGmD BOE
QSBDUJUJPOFSTQMBOOFSTBOESFTFBSDIFST
"DDJEFOU %BUBCBTF XIJDI VTFT
XJUI UIF JOGPSNBUJPO UIBU UIFZ OFFE UP
a comparable methodology to
NBLFFWJEFODFCBTFEEFDJTJPOT
DPMMFDU EBUB PO PWFS SPBE
USBGmDWBSJBCMFTBNPOHNFNCFS
A number of regional mechanisms provide
DPVOUSJFT
comparable data to assist national policy
formulation and drive regional policy.
8JUIBOBHFJOHQPQVMBUJPOIJHI
JODPNFDPVOUSJFTXJMMOFFEUPMPPL
again at their road safety strategies
to address their vulnerabilities.
7
5P EBUF IPXFWFS OP TVDI HMPCBM
assessment of road safety exists. Previous
FGGPSUT XIJMF JOGPSNBUJWF IBWF CFFO
limited to the analysis of aggregated
EBUB PO QBUUFSOT BOE USFOET PS IBWF
painted a largely illustrative picture by
SFMZJOH QSFEPNJOBOUMZ PO DBTF TUVEJFT
or have focused on specific aspects of
SPBETBGFUZSBUIFSUIBOQSPWJEJOHBTFU
"TXFMMBTBMMPXJOHOBUJPOBMEFWFMPQNFOUT PG DSJUFSJB BHBJOTU XIJDI DPVOUSJFT BSF
JOUIFBSFBPGSPBETBGFUZUPCFWJFXFE measured regularly " #. In other
PWFS UJNF BOE XJUIJO BO JOUFSOBUJPOBM areas of health and development such
DPOUFYUUIFTFBTTFTTNFOUTBSFFTTFOUJBM BTTFTTNFOUTBSFSFMBUJWFMZDPNNPOUIF
in providing the data needed to advocate DPNNVOJUJFTXPSLJOHPODMJNBUFDIBOHF
for standardized definitions and measures EFWFMPQNFOU BMDPIPM UPCBDDP DPOUSPM
and tuberculosis all have tools and
XJUIJOSFHJPOT
JOEJDBUPSTUIBUBMMPXUIFNUPBTTFTTUIF
global status of their particular topic on
a regular basis.
t UIF 6OJUFE /BUJPOT &DPOPNJD
$PNNJTTJPOGPS&VSPQFTSFWJFXTPG
MFHJTMBUJPOPOQBSUJDVMBSSJTLGBDUPST
such as speed and blood alcohol
DPODFOUSBUJPOMJNJUTBOE
tUIFJOEFQUISPBETBGFUZBTTFTTNFOUT
DPOEVDUFECZUIF8PSME#BOLJOJUT
focus countries.
Methodology
*O"VHVTU8)0CFHBOUPEFWFMPQ
the Global status report on road safety
(4334
UPBEESFTTUIJTEBUBHBQBOEUP
BTTFTTSPBETBGFUZBSPVOEUIFXPSME
>V]b]>/6=
The specific objectives of the project
XFSF
t to assess the status of road safety
JOBMM8)0.FNCFS4UBUFTVTJOHB
core set of road safety indicators and
BTUBOEBSEJ[FENFUIPEPMPHZ
t UPJOEJDBUFUIFHBQTJOSPBETBGFUZ
t UP IFMQ DPVOUSJFT JEFOUJGZ UIF LFZ
priorities for intervention and to
stimulate road safety activities at a
national level.
8
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
" TFMGBENJOJTUFSFE RVFTUJPOOBJSF XBT
developed using the recommendations of
the World report as a basis for its content.
5IF NFUIPEPMPHZ XBT EFWFMPQFE JO
DPOTVMUBUJPOXJUIBOFYQFSUDPNNJUUFFPG
road safety researchers and practitioners
BOEXBTXJEFMZSFWJFXFECZSFQSFTFOUBUJWFT
of international and regional road
TBGFUZPSHBOJ[BUJPOTHPWFSONFOUBMBOE
OPOHPWFSONFOUBM PSHBOJ[BUJPOT BOE
academic institutions.1
5IF GPMMPXJOH BSFBT XFSF BEESFTTFE JO
UIFRVFTUJPOOBJSF2
t institutional settings and policies
FYJTUFODFPGBMFBEBHFODZPOSPBE
TBGFUZ B OBUJPOBM TUSBUFHZ PO SPBE
TBGFUZBOEBMMPDBUJPOPGGVOEJOHGPS
UIFBDUJWJUJFTPGCPUI
t EBUBSPBEUSBGmDGBUBMJUJFTOPOGBUBM
JOKVSJFTEBUBPODPTUTPGSPBEUSBGmD
JOKVSJFT
t FYQPTVSF UP SJTL TVDI BT UIF
existence of policies to encourage
OPONPUPSJ[FE NPEFT PG USBOTQPSU
and public transport and strategies
UP BDIJFWF UIFTF BOE MFWFMT PG
NPUPSJ[BUJPO
t vehicle and infrastructure standards
UIF FYJTUFODF PG NBOVGBDUVSJOH
TUBOEBSET SFRVJSFNFOUT GPS TBGFUZ
audits of road infrastructure
QSPKFDUT BOE WFIJDMF JOTQFDUJPO
SFRVJSFNFOUT
t legislation on some of the main
CFIBWJPVSBM SJTL GBDUPST TQFFE
ESJOLoESJWJOH VTF PG NPUPSDZDMF
IFMNFUT VTF PG TFBUCFMUT BOE
DIJME SFTUSBJOUT BOE QFSDFQUJPOT PG
enforcement levels relating to each
PGUIFTFSJTLGBDUPST
t QSFIPTQJUBM DBSF FYJTUFODF PG B
GPSNBMQVCMJDMZBWBJMBCMFQSFIPTQJUBM
DBSF TZTUFN BOE PG FNFSHFODZ
BDDFTTUFMFQIPOFOVNCFST
Figure 2. Methodology
(MPCBMBOESFHJPOBMMFWFMDPPSEJOBUJPO
/BUJPOBM%BUB$PPSEJOBUPSJOFBDIDPVOUSZBSFB
(SPVQPGoSFTQPOEFOUTDPNQSJTJOHBNVMUJTFDUPSBM
HSPVQEJGGFSFOUNJOJTUSJFTIFBMUIQPMJDFUSBOTQPSU
FUD
OPOHPWFSONFOUBMPSHBOJ[BUJPOTBDBEFNJDT
/BUJPOBMDPOTFOTVTNFFUJOH
1 national dataset
Global Status Report
trained and then facilitated a consensus
meeting involving a multisectoral group
of up to eight road safety experts. The
NFUIPEPMPHZTUJQVMBUFEUIBUUIFIFBMUI
transport and enforcement sectors should
be represented among the respondents
JOFBDIDPVOUSZXIJMFBMTPFODPVSBHJOH
the involvement of nongovernmental
PSHBOJ[BUJPOTBDBEFNJDTBOEPUIFSSPBE
TBGFUZQSBDUJUJPOFST&BDISFTQPOEFOUXBT
BTLFE UP DPNQMFUF UIF RVFTUJPOOBJSF4
The methodology used for data collection independently and then discuss each of
JT TIPXO JO 'JHVSF *U JOWPMWFE UIF UIF BOTXFST BU UIF DPOTFOTVT NFFUJOH
identification in each participating country XIFSFUIFFYQFSUTXPVMEBHSFFBTBHSPVQ
PG B /BUJPOBM %BUB $PPSEJOBUPS TFF POPOFmOBMDPVOUSZSFTQPOTFXIJDIXBT
5BCMF"JO4UBUJTUJDBM"OOFY
XIPXBT UIFOTVCNJUUFEUP8)0
1 See Acknowledgements section, page v.
2 For the questionnaire and accompanying instruction booklet see www.who.int/violence_
injury_prevention/road_safety_status/2009
3 This survey reports “perceptions of enforcement”, as agreed by the group of respondents in
the consensus meeting. Note that the eight countries that did not hold a consensus meeting
did not answer these questions, while some groups of respondents could not come to a
consensus on these scores and so left the enforcement questions blank.
4 In the Eastern Mediterranean Region questionnaires were administered during face-to-face
interviews.
5 More details on the methodology can be found at www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/
road_safety_status/2009
%BUB DPMMFDUJPO CFHBO JO .BSDI BOEXBTDPNQMFUFEJO4FQUFNCFS
BGUFSXIJDIUIFEBUBXFSFWBMJEBUFEJOB
EJBMPHVF CFUXFFO 8)0 TUBGG BOE UIF
/BUJPOBM %BUB $PPSEJOBUPST UP SFTPMWF
BOZJODPOTJTUFODJFT7BMJEBUFEEBUBXFSF
then sent for government clearance.
'JOBM EBUB XFSF SFDFJWFE GSPN QBSUJDJQBUJOHDPVOUSJFTBOEBSFBTÒ
8)0 .FNCFS 4UBUFT BOE "TTPDJBUF
.FNCFS 4UBUFT BOE OPONFNCFS
BSFBT 5BCMF 5IFTF DPVOUSJFT
BOEBSFBTBDDPVOUGPSPWFSPGUIF
XPSMETQPQVMBUJPO
Most of the data collected through
this project are reported in this
document. The main text contains an
BOBMZTJT PG BHHSFHBUFE JOGPSNBUJPO
XIJMF UIF DPVOUSZ QSPGJMFT EFTDSJCF
the main variables reported by each
participating country using a standard
UFNQMBUF5IF4UBUJTUJDBM"OOFYJODMVEFT
DPVOUSZCZDPVOUSZ SFTVMUT GPS NPTU
WBSJBCMFT *ODPNQMFUF EBUB BOE MBDL
of comparability on some variables
affected the ability to analyse and report
some of the information received from
countries.
Table 2. Participation in the survey, by WHO region and income groupa
NUMBER OF MEMBER
STATES AND ASSOCIATE
MEMBER STATES
WHO REGION
COUNTRIES/AREAS PARTICIPATING
NON-PARTICIPATING MEMBER/ASSOCIATE MEMBER
STATES AND % OF REGIONAL POPULATION
AFRICAN REGION
46
41
(0 HIC, 11 MIC, 30 LIC)
REGION OF THE AMERICAS
36b
32
(31 Member and Associate Member States, 1 non-member area)
(6 HIC,c 26 MIC)
Antigua & Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Haiti,
St. Kitts & Nevis (1.1%)
SOUTH-EAST ASIA REGION
11
10
(0 HIC, 6 MIC, 4 LIC)
Democratic People's Republic of Korea (1.4%)
EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN
REGION
21
20
(19 Member States, 1 non-member area)
(5 HIC, 12 MIC, 3 LICd)
EUROPEAN REGION
53
49
(25 HIC, 21 MIC, 3 LIC)
Andorra, Denmark, Luxembourg, Monaco (0.7%)
WESTERN PACIFIC REGION
28e
26
(6 HIC, 15 MIC, 5 LIC)
Niue, Tokelau (< 1%)
GLOBAL
195
Member and Associate
Member States
178
(176 Member and Associate Member States, 2 non-member areas)
(42 HIC, 91 MIC, 45 LIC)
HIC = high-income countries; MIC = middle-income countries; LIC = low-income countries
a
See Table A.2 in Statistical Annex for information on WHO regions and income level classifications.
b
Includes one Associate Member State, Puerto Rico.
c
Includes one non-member area, the British Virgin Islands.
d
Includes one non-member area, the West Bank and Gaza Strip.
e
Includes one Associate Member State, Tokelau.
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
Algeria, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon,
Guinea (8.8%)
Djibouti, Somalia (1.7%)
19
(accounting for 1.7% of population of the 195
Member and Associate Member States)
3
The state of road
safety around the
XPSME
Road traffic injuries remain
a global public health
problem
XIJDI VTFT WJUBM SFHJTUSBUJPO EFBUI
DFSUJmDBUF
EBUB JSSFTQFDUJWF PG UIF UJNF
QFSJPE CFUXFFO DPMMJTJPO BOE EFBUI
estimates that 1.27 million people died
Road traffic injuries remain an important as a result of a road traffic collision in
QVCMJDIFBMUIQSPCMFNBUHMPCBMSFHJPOBM that year . The total number of deaths
and national levels. While steps are being reported in this survey is approximately
UBLFOJONBOZDPVOUSJFTUPJNQSPWFSPBE VTJOH B EBZ EFmOJUJPO
TBGFUZNVDITUJMMOFFETUPCFEPOFJGUIF indicating vast underreporting. When
rising trend in road traffic deaths is to be UIFTFEBUBBSFNPEFMMFETFF4UBUJTUJDBM
"OOFY
UIFUPUBMEBZOVNCFSGPSUIF
halted or reversed.
178 countries included in the study is
0WFS UIF QBTU GFX ZFBST B SBOHF PG NJMMJPO "MNPTU BMM EBUB TPVSDFT
methods has been used by different TIPXUIBUBCPVUUISFFRVBSUFSTPGSPBE
organizations to estimate the number of traffic deaths are among men and that
HMPCBM SPBE USBGmD GBUBMJUJFT 5IF 8)0 the highest impact is in the economically
(MPCBM#VSEFOPG%JTFBTFQSPKFDU
active age ranges.
Figure 3. Population, road traffic deathsa, and registered motorized vehicles,
by income group
Population
Road traffic deathsa
HIC
8.5%
HIC
15.6%
LIC
36.7%
LIC
41.9%
MIC
47.8%
MIC
49.6%
Registered vehicles
LIC
9.2%
MIC
38.7%
HIC
52.1%
a
30-day definition, modelled data.
HIC = high-income countries; MIC = middle-income countries; LIC = low-income countries
11
Low-income and middle-income
countries have the highest burden
and road traffic death rates
0WFSPGUIF
XPSMETGBUBMJUJFTPO
the roads occur in
MPXJODPNFBOE
NJEEMFJODPNF
DPVOUSJFTXIJDIIBWF
less than half of the
>V]b]>DW`]bE6=
XPSMETWFIJDMFT
BOEEPFTOPUHJWFBOBTTFTTNFOUPGSJTLJU
OPOFUIFMFTTHJWFTBOJOEJDBUJPOPGXIFSF
intervention could help significantly to
.PTU
PGUIFXPSMETGBUBMJUJFTPOUIF reduce the total number of road traffic
SPBETPDDVSJOMPXJODPNFBOENJEEMF deaths at a global level.
JODPNFDPVOUSJFTXIJDIIBWFPOMZ
From a public health perspective and for
PGUIFXPSMETSFHJTUFSFEWFIJDMFT
UIFQVSQPTFPGNBLJOHDPNQBSJTPOTUIF
"QQSPYJNBUFMZ PG SFQPSUFE SPBE VTFPGSBUFTQFSQPQVMBUJPOJT
USBGmDEFBUITPDDVSJODPVOUSJFToXIJDI a more useful measure of the size of a
JOPSEFSPGNBHOJUVEFBSF*OEJB$IJOB QSPCMFNUIBOBCTPMVUFOVNCFSTBOEJT
UIF6OJUFE4UBUFTUIF3VTTJBO'FEFSBUJPO also useful for assessing performance
#SB[JM *SBO .FYJDP *OEPOFTJB 4PVUI over time and for giving an indication of
"GSJDB BOE &HZQU o BOE BDDPVOU GPS SJTL"TXFMMBTBDDPVOUJOHGPSUIFIJHIFTU
PGUIFXPSMETQPQVMBUJPO)PXFWFS BCTPMVUF CVSEFO PG SPBE USBGmD EFBUIT
CBTFE PO NPEFMMFE OVNCFST UIF fatality rates relative to population are
DPVOUSJFT XJUI UIF IJHIFTU OVNCFS PG BMTPIJHIFTUJOMPXJODPNFBOENJEEMF
EFBUIT BSF $IJOB *OEJB /JHFSJB UIF JODPNFDPVOUSJFT5BCMF
6OJUFE 4UBUFT 1BLJTUBO *OEPOFTJB UIF
3VTTJBO 'FEFSBUJPO #SB[JM &HZQU BOE *UJTFWJEFOUUIBUBMUIPVHIUIFIJHIFTUSBUFT
&UIJPQJB TFF 5BCMF " JO 4UBUJTUJDBM BSF JO MPXJODPNF BOE NJEEMFJODPNF
"OOFY
8IJMFUIFUPUBMOVNCFSPGEFBUIT DPVOUSJFTSPBEUSBGmDJOKVSJFTSFNBJOWFSZ
is clearly related to both the population SFMFWBOUUPIJHIJODPNFDPVOUSJFTBTXFMM
BOENPUPSJ[BUJPOMFWFMTXJUIJOBDPVOUSZ "OVNCFSPGIJHIJODPNFDPVOUSJFTIBWF
12
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
Table 3. Modelled road traffic injury fatality rates (per 100 000
population),a by WHO region and income group
WHO REGION
b
AFRICAN REGION
c
REGION OF THE AMERICAS
b
HIGH-INCOME
MIDDLE-INCOME
LOW-INCOME
TOTAL
—
32.2
32.3
32.2
13.4
17.3
—
15.8
SOUTH-EAST ASIA REGION
—
16.7
16.5
16.6
EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN REGION
28.5
35.8
27.5
32.2
EUROPEAN REGION
7.9
19.3
12.2
13.4
WESTERN PACIFIC REGION
7.2
16.9
15.6
15.6
GLOBAL
10.3
19.5
21.5
18.8
a
30-day definition.
No high-income countries.
c
No low-income countries.
b
Figure 4. Trends in road traffic fatality rates in selected high-income countries
30
Rate per 100 000 population
25
20
15
10
5
9
0
198
1
198
2
198
3
198
4
198
5
198
6
198
7
198
8
198
9
199
0
199
1
199
2
199
3
199
4
199
5
199
6
199
7
199
8
199
9
200
0
200
1
200
2
200
3
200
4
200
5
200
6
200
7
198
197
197
8
0
Year
Australia
Canada
road traffic injury fatality rates well above
the average for this income group. For
instance, high-income countries in the
Eastern Mediterranean Region have a
modelled road traffic injury fatality rate
of 28.5 per 100 000 population, which
is well above the global average for
countries in this broad income group,
as shown in Table 3. Similarly, while a
number of high-income countries have
managed to reduce their road traffic
fatality rates in recent decades, in other
high-income countries the downward
trends in road traffic fatalities that began
France
Japan
Sweden
United States of America
in the 1970s and 1980s have started
to flatten, suggesting that extra steps
are needed to reduce these rates further
(see Figure 4).
The 10 countries with the lowest
modelled road traffic fatality rates are
almost all high-income countries, where
rates vary between 3.4 and 5.4 deaths
per 100 000 population. While these
countries, the Netherlands, Sweden and
United Kingdom for instance, may be top
performers globally with regard to road
safety, they too still have considerable
13
>V]b]>DS\bS`5@A>
1FEFTUSJBOTDZDMJTUT
and drivers of
NPUPSJ[FEUXP
XIFFMFSTBOEUIFJS
passengers account for
almost half of global
road traffic deaths.
SPPN GPS JNQSPWFNFOU 'PS FYBNQMF
road traffic injuries are still an important
DBVTF PG EFBUI JO 4XFEFO EFTQJUF B
SFMBUJWFMZMPXSBUFPGSPBEUSBGmDGBUBMJUJFT
and the successful implementation of
a comprehensive approach to the
QSPCMFN*O4XFEFOSPBEUSBGmDDSBTIFT
BSF SFTQPOTJCMF GPS PG EFBUIT PG
DIJMESFO BHFE CFUXFFO BOE $.
4JNJMBSMZ UIF SPBE USBOTQPSU TZTUFN JO
4XFEFO JT SFTQPOTJCMF GPS NBOZ NPSF
EFBUIToOPUBCMZPGDIJMESFOBOEZPVOH
BEVMUT o UIBO PUIFS GPSNT PG USBOTQPSU
TVDIBTBWJBUJPOPSSBJMUSBWFM5IVTFWFO
DPVOUSJFTXIJDIBQQFBSUPCFQFSGPSNJOH
XFMM BU UIF HMPCBM MFWFM IBWF B MPOH
XBZUPHPUPBDIJFWFBUSVMZTBGFSPBE
transport system.
Nearly half of those dying on the
world’s roads are vulnerable road
users
*ONPTUMPXJODPNFBOENJEEMFJODPNF
countries the majority of road users are
WVMOFSBCMF SPBE VTFST o QFEFTUSJBOT
DZDMJTUTBOEUIPTFVTJOHNPUPSJ[FEUXP
PSUISFFXIFFMFST5IFTFHSPVQTPGSPBE
users do not have a protective “shell”
around them and are therefore more at
14
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
SJTLUIBOUIPTFJOWFIJDMFT1VCMJDUSBOTQPSU
VTFSTNBZBMTPCFWVMOFSBCMFSPBEVTFST
QBSUJDVMBSMZ XIFSF QVCMJD USBOTQPSU
WFIJDMFT BSF VOTBGF PWFSDSPXEFE PS
VOSFHVMBUFETFF#PY
Vulnerable road users are at additional
SJTLXIFSFUIFJSOFFETIBWFOPUCFFOUBLFO
into consideration during the planning of
land use or road construction. In many
countries roads are planned and built to
BMMPXNPUPSWFIJDMFTUPUSBWFMGBTUFSXIJMF
insufficient thought is given to the needs
PGQFEFTUSJBOTBOEDZDMJTUTXIJDINFBOT
that these vulnerable road users face
JODSFBTJOHSJTLTJOVTJOHBOEDSPTTJOHUIF
roads %&.
5IJTHMPCBMTVSWFZTIPXTUIBUQFEFTUSJBOT
DZDMJTUT BOE SJEFST PG NPUPSJ[FE UXP
XIFFMFST BOE UIFJS QBTTFOHFST BDDPVOU
GPS BSPVOE PG HMPCBM SPBE USBGmD
deaths. 1 7VMOFSBCMF SPBE VTFST NBLF
up the highest reported proportion of
UPUBMEFBUITJOUIF4PVUI&BTU"TJBBOE
8FTUFSO1BDJmDSFHJPOT'JHVSF
8JUIJO
regions the proportion of deaths among
1 If users of unsafe public transport are included as vulnerable road users then this figure of
46% is likely to be an underestimate: in this survey data on public transport fatalities was
not collected separately from data related to other four-wheeled vehicles.
Box 1: Unsafe public transportation
0WFSDSPXEFEBOEVOTBGFNPEFTPGQVCMJDUSBOTQPSUDPOUSJCVUFUPSPBEUSBGmDJOKVSJFTBOEEFBUITQBSUJDVMBSMZJO
MPXJODPNFBOENJEEMFJODPNFDPVOUSJFT$IPJDFPGUSBOTQPSUNPEFTJTGSFRVFOUMZSFMBUFEUPTPDJPFDPOPNJDTUBUVT
XJUIUIPTFXIPDBOBGGPSEJUBWPJEJOHUIFTFVOSFHVMBUFEBOEVOTBGFWFIJDMFT"TUVEZJO,FOZBGPVOEUIBUCVTFTBOE
matatusaBSFUIFWFIJDMFTNPTUGSFRVFOUMZJOWPMWFEJOGBUBMDSBTIFTBOEUIBUQBTTFOHFSTJOUIFTFWFIJDMFTBDDPVOUGPS
PGUIFUPUBMSPBEEFBUIT'5IJTNBZCFFYQMBJOFEJOQBSUCZEFSFHVMBUJPOJOUIFQVCMJDUSBOTQPSUNBSLFU
XJUIPVUDPODVSSFOUSFHVMBUJPOTPOTBGFUZNFBTVSFT*O4SJ-BOLBGPSFYBNQMFQVCMJDUSBOTQPSUCVTFTBSFFJUIFSPXOFE
CZUIFHPWFSONFOUPSQSJWBUFMZPXOFEXJUITUVEJFTTIPXJOHBOJODSFBTFESJTLBTTPDJBUFEXJUIUSBWFMPOQSJWBUFMZ
PXOFECVTFT(PWFSONFOUCVTFTBSFNBJOUBJOFECZUIF.JOJTUSZPG5SBOTQPSUBOESFHVMBUFEUPFOTVSFTBGFUZXIJMF
SFHVMBUJPOTBSFNVDIMFTTTUSJOHFOUGPSQSJWBUFPXOFST
SVOOJOHQBSBMMFMQVCMJDCVTTFSWJDFT'PSJOTUBODFUIFSF
are almost no restrictions on driver eligibility or on the
maintenance of privately operated public transportation
vehicles .
a
>V]b]1@SQVO
8IJMFMJCFSBMJ[BUJPOPGUIFQVCMJDUSBOTQPSUNBSLFUDBO
JODSFBTFUIFTVQQMZPGWFIJDMFTQSPUFDUJPOPGQVCMJD
TBGFUZOFFETUPCFBOFTTFOUJBMGFBUVSFPGUIJTNBSLFU
.BYJNJ[BUJPOPGQSPmUTNVTUOPUCFBMMPXFEUPMFBEUPB
reduction in safety standards.
Matatus are small-scale public transport service vehicles in Kenya.
Figure 5. Reported deaths by type of road user (%), by WHO region and income groupa
AFRICAN
REGION
REGION OF THE
AMERICAS
SOUTH-EAST
ASIA REGION
EASTERN
MEDITERRANEAN
REGION
LIC
MIC
MIC
HIC
LIC
MIC
LIC
MIC
HIC
EUROPEAN
REGION
LIC
MIC
HIC
WESTERN
PACIFIC
REGION
LIC
MIC
HIC
0%
20%
Vulnerable road users
40%
60%
Occupants of four-wheeled motorized vehicles
80%
100%
Others
a
See Table A.2 in Statistical Annex for information on WHO regions and income level classifications.
HIC = high-income countries; MIC = middle-income countries; LIC = low-income countries
PHOTO TOP Poor
infrastructure and
MBDLPGQBWFNFOUTBOEMJHIUJOH
BSFBNPOHUIFSFBTPOTXIZ
pedestrians have to share the
SPBETXJUIDBSTCVTFTUBYJTBOE
other modes of transportation.
PHOTO BOTTOM Police enforcement and
automatic speed enforcement are
highly effective measures used to
enforce speed limits.
vulnerable road users varies considerably. Results of this survey suggest that as
*O UIF 4PVUI&BTU "TJB 3FHJPO GPS motorization increases globally many
JOTUBODF WVMOFSBCMF SPBE VTFST BSF countries are not giving sufficient
SFQPSUFEUPBDDPVOUGPSPWFSPGUIPTF attention to the needs of vulnerable
LJMMFEPOUIFSPBETJO5IBJMBOEXIJMFJO groups of road users in their transport
OFJHICPVSJOH.ZBONBSUIFmHVSFJT policies. Many of the proven interventions
*O$PMPNCJB(VBUFNBMBBOE1FSVPWFS being implemented globally − such as
PGGBUBMJUJFTBSFBNPOHWVMOFSBCMF VTF PG TFBUCFMUT BOE DIJME SFTUSBJOUT
SPBEVTFSTXIJMFJOPUIFSDPVOUSJFTPGUIF WFIJDMFTUBOEBSETBOEDSBTIUFTUToBSF
SFHJPOoTVDIBTUIF%PNJOJDBO3FQVCMJD relevant to car occupants. More research
)POEVSBT PS UIF 6OJUFE 4UBUFT o UIF is needed on interventions that address
QSPQPSUJPOJTDPOTJEFSBCMZMPXFSBUMFTT WVMOFSBCMF SPBE VTFST XIJMF MBOE VTF
planning and road design should also
UIBO
UBLFUIFOFFETPGUIFTFSPBEVTFSTJOUP
consideration.
>V]b]50ZOYSZSg0WUAb]QY>V]b]Q][
>V]b]>/6=
3FEVDJOHTQFFEXJMMIBWFBOJNQBDUPO
both vehicle occupants and vulnerable
SPBE VTFST 4FUUJOH BOE FOGPSDJOH
appropriate speed limits is essential.
5IJT TVSWFZ TIPXFE UIBU POMZ PG
countries rate their speed enforcement
BTNPSFUIBOPOBTDBMFPGUP
TFFQBHF
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
3FEVDJOHFYQPTVSFUPUIFSJTLPGJOKVSZPS
death on the road can also be achieved
by reducing the total amount of motorized
SPBE USBOTQPSU 5IJT JO UVSO SFRVJSFT
considerable investment in infrastructure
UIBU BMMPXT QFEFTUSJBOT BOE DZDMJTUT UP
XBMLBOEDZDMFTBGFMZTFF#PY
Reducing the volume of traffic on roads
being used by vulnerable road users can
BMTPSFEVDFFYQPTVSFUPUIFSJTLPGBDSBTI
PDDVSSJOHQSPWJEFEUIBUMPXTQFFETDBO
CF NBJOUBJOFE 1PMJDZNBLFST OFFE UP
BEESFTTUIFBCJMJUZPGSPBEVTFSTUPXBML
BOE DZDMF TBGFMZ FOTVSF UIF BWBJMBCJMJUZ
PGBGGPSEBCMFBOETBGFQVCMJDUSBOTQPSU
BOE TFFL XBZT UP SFEVDF EFQFOEFODZ
on the use of private cars. This survey
GPVOE UIBU POMZ POFUIJSE PG UIF
XPSMETDPVOUSJFTIBWFOBUJPOBMPSMPDBM
QPMJDJFTUIBUQSPNPUFXBMLJOHand cycling
as an alternative to motorized transport.
'PSUZGPVS QFS DFOU PG DPVOUSJFT EP OPU
IBWF QPMJDJFT FJUIFS OBUJPOBM PS MPDBM
Box 2: Land use and transport planning
1SJPSJUJ[JOHUIFOFFETPGWVMOFSBCMFSPBEVTFSTJODMVEFTSFDPHOJ[JOHUIFJNQPSUBODFPGUIFCVJMUFOWJSPONFOUXIFO
NBLJOHQPMJUJDBMBOEQMBOOJOHEFDJTJPOT4PNFPGUIFTPMVUJPOTMJFJOBQQSPQSJBUFNPEJmDBUJPOTUPUIFQIZTJDBMSPBE
FOWJSPONFOUBOETFUUJOHVQBTVQQPSUJWFQPMJDZGSBNFXPSLSBUIFSUIBOGPDVTJOHPOMZPOIVNBOCFIBWJPVSBTUIF
QSJNBSZDBVTFPGSPBEUSBGmDDSBTIFT5IFFYBNQMFTQSFTFOUFECFMPXTIPXFGGPSUTJOGPVSTFUUJOHTUPJODPSQPSBUFUIF
needs of vulnerable road users in planning for land use and transport.
Sweden‘s model of road safety is
GSFRVFOUMZDJUFEBTHPPEQSBDUJDF
The “Vision Zero” road safety
QPMJDZBEPQUFEJOUIFMBUFTJT
based on an understanding that the
environment needs to be modified
UPUBLFBDDPVOUPGIVNBOTMBDLPG
tolerance to mechanical forces and
UIFIVNBOUFOEFODZUPNBLFFSSPST
4XFEFOTTVTUBJOBCMFSPBETUSBUFHZ
thus aims to modify the environment
XIJMFQSPUFDUJOHSPBEVTFSTGSPN
VOBDDFQUBCMFMFWFMTPGSJTL"TXFMM
as building bicycle and pedestrian
MBOFTUVOOFMTBOEDBSGSFFQMBZ
BSFBTPUIFSFOWJSPONFOUBMTPMVUJPOT
are being implemented to separate
and protect these road users. Where
SPBEVTFSTDBOOPUCFTFQBSBUFEUIF
TUSBUFHZBDLOPXMFEHFTUIFOFFEUP
give pedestrian safety priority over
DBSUSBGmDoQBSUJDVMBSMZCZSFEVDJOH
speed.
Delhi*OEJBIBTSFDFOUMZDPNQMFUFE
UIFmSTUQIBTFPGBDPSSJEPSXJUI
TFHSFHBUFEQFEFTUSJBOCJDZDMFBOE
bus lanes on a major arterial road
of the city. The pedestrian lane has
CFFOEFTJHOFEXJUIEVFDPODFSO
GPSUIFOFFETPGUIFFMEFSMZDIJMESFO
BOEQIZTJDBMMZDIBMMFOHFEQFSTPOT
4JODFTUSFFUWFOEPSTBSFBOJOUFHSBM
QBSUPGVSCBOTUSFFUTJO%FMIJTQFDJBM
consideration has been given to
QSPWJEJOHTQBDFGPSUIFNXJUIPVU
EJTUVSCJOHUIFnPXPGCJDZDMFTBOE
>V]b]/DWZZOdSQSa>/6=
Bogota’s high-capacity bus system.
AeSRWaV@]OR/R[W\WabÒbW]\
Cable barriers are used in a number of high-income countries
and have been shown to be cost effective at reducing head-on
collisions on highways.
QFEFTUSJBOT*OUIFmSTUNPOUIT
PGPQFSBUJPOUIFSFXFSFOPDBS
motorcycle or bicycle fatalities in the
corridor .
Lagos/JHFSJBJTUIFTJYUIMBSHFTU
DJUZJOUIFXPSMEXJUIBQPQVMBUJPO
PGNJMMJPOQFPQMF'PSZFBST
UIFDJUZIBTHSPXOSBQJEMZBOE
TUSVHHMFEXJUIPVUSFMJBCMFQVCMJD
transportation. The public transport
system largely consists of minibuses
BOEUBYJNPUPSDZDMFTNBOZPGXIJDI
BSFOPUSPBEXPSUIZBOEDPOUSJCVUF
substantially to pollution and road
USBGmDDSBTIFT*OUIFTUBUF
government created an agency
DBMMFEUIF-BHPT.FUSPQPMJUBO
5SBOTQPSU"VUIPSJUZ-"."5"
XJUI
the mission to “transform the state
transport system by facilitating
BOFOBCMJOHFOWJSPONFOUw0OF
JOJUJBUJWFPG-"."5"BOEUIFTUBUF
HPWFSONFOUXBTUIFEFWFMPQNFOUPG
BCVTSBQJEUSBOTJUTZTUFNXIJDIXBT
completed and launched in March
5IJTTZTUFNQSPWJEFT-BHPT
DPNNVUFSTXJUIBDMFBOBGGPSEBCMF
reliable and safe means of getting
around the city ! ".
Designed spaces for street vendors in Delhi, India, are part of
a new initiative that gives road space to different groups of
vulnerable road users.
>V]b]2;]VO\B@7>>
BogotaUIFDBQJUBMPG$PMPNCJB
implemented land use and transport
measures intended to meet the
OFFETPGUIFDJUZTOPONPUPSJ[FE
road users and to improve public
USBOTQPSUJOUIFQFSJPEo
5IFNFBTVSFTJODMVEFECVJMEJOH
TQFDJmDDZDMJOHBOEQFEFTUSJBOPOMZ
SPVUFTJODMVEJOHBDBSGSFFSPVUF
excluding cars from the city centre
BUQFBLUJNFTJOUIFNPSOJOHBOE
BGUFSOPPOEFWFMPQJOHBIJHI
capacity bus system at a cost of
64NJMMJPOUIBUDBSSJFTBCPVU
QFPQMFBEBZ5IFTF
measures contributed to reducing
the number of road traffic fatalities
GSPNJOUPJO
They also improved access to jobs
and created a more liveable urban
environment "% .
17
0OMZPG
countries report
their enforcement
of speed limits as
over 7 on a scale
PGUP
that encourage public transport as an
BMUFSOBUJWFUPDBSUSBOTQPSUSFnFDUJOHB
similar neglect in meeting the needs of
OPONPUPSJ[FESPBEVTFSTTFF5BCMF"
JO 4UBUJTUJDBM "OOFY
5IFTF mHVSFT BSF
perhaps surprising given that decreased
dependency on the use of private cars
can have other positive impacts such as
JNQSPWFESFTQJSBUPSZIFBMUIBTBSFTVMU
PG MFTT USBOTQPSUSFMBUFE BJS QPMMVUJPO
BOESFEVDFEMFWFMTPGPCFTJUZBTBSFTVMU
PGNPSFQIZTJDBMBDUJWJUZBTTPDJBUFEXJUI
XBMLJOHBOEDZDMJOH
Few countries have
comprehensive road safety
laws that are well enforced
Speed
What is known?
t An increase in average speed is
EJSFDUMZSFMBUFECPUIUPUIFMJLFMJIPPE
of a crash occurring and to the
TFWFSJUZ PG UIF DSBTI DPOTFRVFODFT
# $.
t "JODSFBTFJOBWFSBHFTQFFEMFBET
UPBOBQQSPYJNBUFMZJODSFBTFJO
DSBTIFT UIBU DBVTF JOKVSJFT BOE B
JODSFBTFJOGBUBMDSBTIFT %.
t 1FEFTUSJBOT IBWF B DIBODF PG
TVSWJWJOHBDBSDSBTIBULNIPS
CFMPXCVUMFTTUIBOBDIBODF
PGTVSWJWJOHJNQBDUTPGLNIPS
above % &.
t 4BGFTQFFEUISFTIPMETWBSZBDDPSEJOH
UP EJGGFSFOU UZQFT PG SPBE EJGGFSFOU
types of collision and different
SPBE VTFST XJUI UIFJS JOIFSFOU
WVMOFSBCJMJUJFT &GGFDUJWF TQFFE
NBOBHFNFOUOFFETUPUBLFUIFTFBOE
other variables into account %.
t ;POFT PG LNI DBO SFEVDF
DSBTI SJTL BOE JOKVSZ TFWFSJUZ BOE
BSF SFDPNNFOEFE JO BSFBT XIFSF
vulnerable road users are particularly
BUSJTL % '.
t Apart from reducing road traffic
JOKVSJFT BOE EFBUIT MPXFSJOH UIF
average traffic speed can have other
positive effects on health outcomes
FHCZSFEVDJOHSFTQJSBUPSZQSPCMFNT
BTTPDJBUFEXJUIDBSFNJTTJPOT
%
&OBDUJOH BOE FOGPSDJOH MFHJTMBUJPO
PO B OVNCFS PG SJTL GBDUPST GPS SPBE
traffic injuries and deaths is critical
JO JOnVFODJOH FYQPTVSF UP SJTL DSBTI
PDDVSSFODF JOKVSZ TFWFSJUZ BOE QPTU
crash injury outcomes. Comprehensive
BOE DMFBS MFHJTMBUJPO FOGPSDFE XJUI
appropriate penalties and accompanied
CZ QVCMJD BXBSFOFTT DBNQBJHOT IBT
CFFO TIPXO UP CF B DSJUJDBM GBDUPS JO
reducing road traffic injuries and deaths
BTTPDJBUFE XJUI TQFFE ESJOLoESJWJOH
BOEUIFOPOVTFPGPDDVQBOUQSPUFDUJPO
NFBTVSFTIFMNFUTTFBUCFMUTBOEDIJME
SFTUSBJOUT
5IF SFTVMUT PG UIF HMPCBM
survey suggest that the legislation on
UIFTFSJTLGBDUPSTJTOPUDPNQSFIFOTJWF What this survey found
JONBOZDPVOUSJFTBOEFOGPSDFNFOUJT Research on effective speed management
PGUFOMBDLJOH4JNJMBSMZNBOZDPVOUSJFT indicates that the speed limits on urban
MBDL UIF JOTUJUVUJPOBM NFDIBOJTNT SPBET TIPVME OPU FYDFFE LNI
BOE SFTPVSDFT UIBU XPVME BMMPX UIFN While there remains a fairly high fatality
to implement planned activities in SJTL BU UIJT TQFFE PS FWFO MPXFS GPS
B DPPSEJOBUFE GBTIJPO o JODMVEJOH QFEFTUSJBOTDZDMJTUTBOEPUIFSWVMOFSBCMF
BEPQUJOH BOE FOGPSDJOH MBXT Ò XIJDI SPBE VTFST
NBOZ DPVOUSJFT XJUI HPPE
may result in a “piecemeal” approach road safety records have adopted this
to road safety efforts that is seen in many SFDPNNFOEBUJPO XIJMF BMTP HJWJOH
DPVOUSJFTTFF#PY
QSPWJODJBM PS MPDBM EFDJTJPONBLFST UIF
authority to reduce these national speed
MJNJUT*OUIJTXBZUSBGmDDBMNJOHNFBTVSFT
18
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
Box 3: A coordinated approach to road safety
The World report on road traffic injury preventionEFWFMPQFECZ8)0BOEUIF
8PSME#BOLSFDPNNFOETUIBUDPVOUSJFTJEFOUJGZBOBHFODZXJUIUIFBVUIPSJUZBOE
SFTQPOTJCJMJUZUPNBLFEFDJTJPOTBOEDPPSEJOBUFSPBETBGFUZBDUJWJUJFTBDSPTTNVMUJQMF
TFDUPSTBOEXJUIBEFRVBUFmOBODFTGPSSPBETBGFUZBDUJWJUJFT5IFWorld report also
recommends that each country should prepare a multisectoral national road safety
TUSBUFHZXJUIUBSHFUTGPSUIFBDIJFWFNFOUPGTQFDJmDPVUDPNFTBOEXJUISFTPVSDFT
allocated to ensure implementation of relevant activities.
"MUIPVHIDPVOUSJFT
SFQPSUIBWJOHBMFBEBHFODZGPSSPBETBGFUZUIJT
TVSWFZXBTVOBCMFUPPCUBJOJOGPSNBUJPOPOUIFQSFDJTFSPMFPSFGGFDUJWFOFTTPGUIFTF
BHFODJFTJOGVMmMMJOHUIFGVODUJPOTSFRVJSFETFF5BCMF"JO4UBUJTUJDBM"OOFY
*OEFFE
JOUIFRVBMJUBUJWFDPNNFOUTPGUIFTVSWFZSFTQPOEFOUTIJHIMJHIUFEUIFDPOTJEFSBCMF
difficulty that they had during the consensus meetings in identifying the lead agency
for road safety in their country.
0OMZPG
countries have
urban speed limits
PGLNIPSCFMPX
BOEBMMPXMPDBM
authorities to reduce
them further.
>V]b]>/6=
5IFHMPCBMTVSWFZBMTPGPVOEUIBUXIJMFO
PGDPVOUSJFTSFQPSUIBWJOHB
OBUJPOBMTUSBUFHZPOSPBETBGFUZPOMZDPVOUSJFTPGUIFUPUBM
IBWFHPWFSONFOU
FOEPSTFNFOUPGUIJTTUSBUFHZTFF5BCMF"JO4UBUJTUJDBM"OOFY
'VSUIFSNPSFPOMZ
O
PGDPVOUSJFTIBWFHPWFSONFOUFOEPSTFNFOUPGBTUSBUFHZUIBUIBTCPUI
QSFDJTFUBSHFUTBOEFBSNBSLFEGVOEJOH5IFTFSFTVMUTTVHHFTUUIBUUIFIJHIQPTJUJWF
SFTQPOTFTPCUBJOFEPOMFBEBHFODJFTBOEOBUJPOBMTUSBUFHJFTNBZCFMJFXFBLFS
JOTUJUVUJPOBMGSBNFXPSLTXJUIJOTVGmDJFOUmOBODJBMSFTPVSDFTUPTVQQPSUFJUIFSUIF
FGGFDUJWFGVODUJPOJOHPGUIFTFBHFODJFTPSUIFJNQMFNFOUBUJPOPGUIFJSBDUJWJUJFT
The results suggest that urban speed
management is poor in many countries.
8IJMFPGDPVOUSJFTIBWFTQFFEMJNJUT
>90 km/h (2%)
POVSCBOSPBETPGMFTTUIBOPSFRVBMUP
LNIUIFTFDPVOUSJFTBDDPVOUGPSIBMG
PGUIFXPSMETQPQVMBUJPO+VTUPWFS
IBMG
PGQBSUJDJQBUJOHDPVOUSJFTBMMPX
local authorities to reduce national speed
<50 km/h (62%)
MJNJUTTFF5BCMF"JO4UBUJTUJDBM"OOFY
5IFHMPCBMTVSWFZTIPXFEUIBUPOMZ
of participating countries meet both
UIFTFDPOEJUJPOToJFUIFZIBWFTQFFE
MJNJUT PG LNI PS CFMPX PO VSCBO
SPBETBOEUIFZBMMPXMPDBMBVUIPSJUJFTUP
reduce the national speed limits. Figure
TIPXTUIFQSPQPSUJPOPGDPVOUSJFTXJUI
EJGGFSFOUTQFFEMJNJUSBOHFTTVHHFTUJOH
that in most countries additional efforts
UIBUIBWFCFFOTIPXOUPCFWFSZFGGFDUJWFBU to reduce urban speed limits are still
reducing road traffic injuries can be made needed.
and implemented at the subnational level
BT OFFEFE o GPS FYBNQMF JO SFTJEFOUJBM 'VSUIFSNPSF UIF SFTVMUT PG UIF HMPCBM
BSFBTPSOFBSTDIPPMT*OUIFBOBMZTJTPG TVSWFZTIPXUIBUPOMZPGDPVOUSJFTSBUF
the results of this survey the criteria used the enforcement of their national speed
for assessing urban speed management MJNJUTBUNPSFUIBOPOBTDBMFPGUP
TFF5BCMF"JO4UBUJTUJDBM"OOFY
5IJT
XFSFUIFSFGPSF
t speed limits on urban roads are set TVHHFTUT UIBU FWFO JO DPVOUSJFT XIFSF
TQFFE MJNJUT NBZ CF NPSF SFTUSJDUJWF
BUMFTTUIBOPSFRVBMUPLNI
t MPDBM BVUIPSJUJFT BSF BCMF UP MPXFS FOGPSDFNFOUJTGSFRVFOUMZMBDLJOH
UIFTFTQFFEMJNJUTXIFSFOFDFTTBSZ
Figure 6. Proportion of countries by urban
speed limit range in 174 countries
71–90 km/h (6%)
51–70 km/h (29%)
WHAT CAN BE DONE
4 Countries need to set speed limits that reflect the function of individual roads. In doing so, they
should consider the types of vehicles using the road, the nature and purpose of the road, roadside
activities, provision of facilities for vulnerable road users, and the frequency of use by pedestrians
and cyclists. Increased priority should be given to vulnerable road users, notably in urban areas,
where speed limits should not exceed 50 km/h.
4 Local authorities need to be given the authority, resources and political support to implement
measures to reduce speed limits to levels that may be lower than national limits where vulnerable
road users are particularly at risk.
4 Programmes put into place to address speeding need to foster a public awareness and understanding
of the effects of speeding and the reasons for enforcing speed limits.
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
Drinking and driving
What is known?
ESJOLoESJWJOH)PXFWFSPOMZDPVOUSJFT
IBWF B ESJOLoESJWJOH MBX UIBU
VTFT B #"$ MJNJU PG MFTT UIBO PS FRVBM
UP HEM BT SFDPNNFOEFE JO UIF
World reportTFF5BCMF"JO4UBUJTUJDBM
"OOFY
8IJMF NPTU DPVOUSJFT JO
UIF&VSPQFBOSFHJPOIBWF#"$MBXTJO
MJOFXJUIUIJTSFDPNNFOEBUJPOJOPUIFS
SFHJPOTPGUIFXPSMENPTUDPVOUSJFTFJUIFS
do not have BAC limits or have limits that
BSFBCPWFHEMTFF'JHVSF
t %SJOLJOHBOEESJWJOHJODSFBTFTCPUI
UIFSJTLPGBDSBTIBOEUIFMJLFMJIPPE
UIBU EFBUI PS B TFSJPVT JOKVSZ XJMM
result ".
t 5IF SJTL PG JOWPMWFNFOU JO B DSBTI
increases significantly above a blood
BMDPIPMDPODFOUSBUJPO#"$
PG
HEM!!.
t -BXT XIJDI FTUBCMJTI MPXFS #"$T
CFUXFFO [FSP BOE HEM
GPS
ZPVOHOPWJDF ESJWFST DBO MFBE UP :PVOH PS OPWJDF ESJWFST BSF BU B NVDI
SFEVDUJPOTPGCFUXFFOBOE JODSFBTFE SJTL PG IBWJOH B SPBE USBGmD
in the number of crashes involving DSBTI XIFO VOEFS UIF JOGMVFODF PG
BMDPIPM$POTFRVFOUMZUIFWorld report
young people ! .
t &OGPSDJOH TPCSJFUZ DIFDLQPJOUT BOE advised that BAC limits for this group
SBOEPN CSFBUIUFTUJOH DBO MFBE UP CFTFUMPXFSUIBOMJNJUTGPSUIFHFOFSBM
SFEVDUJPOTJOBMDPIPMSFMBUFEDSBTIFT QPQVMBUJPO0OMZPGUIFDPVOUSJFT
PGBCPVUBOEIBTCFFOTIPXO XIJDI IBWF #"$ MJNJUT GPS UIF HFOFSBM
QPQVMBUJPO IBWF TUJQVMBUFE MPXFS #"$
UPCFWFSZDPTUFGGFDUJWF!!!".
MJNJUTGPSUIFTFZPVOHBOEOPWJDFESJWFST
and most of these countries are in the
What this survey found
/JOFUZTJY QFS DFOU O
PG &VSPQFBO3FHJPO
participating countries report having
FJUIFS OBUJPOBM PS TVCOBUJPOBM MBXT PO
Figure 7. Blood alcohol concentration limits (g/dl) by country/area
b
0.05
> 0.05
Laws at subnational level
No limit stipulated
No law
No data
21
Alcometers are part of the Mexican
HPWFSONFOUTQSPHSBNNFUPSFEVDFESJOLoESJWJOH
CENTRE )FMNFUTBSFFGGFDUJWFBUSFEVDJOHUIFSJTLPGIFBE
injuries but do not prevent a crash from occurring.
4FQBSBUJOHNPUPSDZDMJTUTGSPNPUIFSNPUPSJ[FE
WFIJDMFTJTPOFXBZUPSFEVDFUIFMJLFMJIPPEPGDSBTIFT
involving motorcyclists from occurring.
*O7JFU/BNXIFSFDIJMESFOGSFRVFOUMZSJEF
NPUPSDZDMFTUPBOEGSPNTDIPPMBNBOEBUPSZIFMNFU
XFBSJOHMBXJTBDDPNQBOJFECZQVCMJDBXBSFOFTT
campaigns and extensive helmet distribution.
RIGHT
-FTTUIBOIBMGPG
DPVOUSJFTXPSMEXJEF
IBWFESJOLoESJWJOH
MBXTCBTFEPOBCMPPE
alcohol concentration
MJNJUUIBUJTFRVBMUPPS
MFTTUIBOHEM
>V]b]>=`SZZO\OE6=
PHOTO LEFT
3BOEPN CSFBUIUFTUJOH BOE QPMJDF Use of motorcycle helmets
DIFDLQPJOUT BSF JNQPSUBOU FOGPSDFNFOU What is known?
NFDIBOJTNT UIBU IBWF CFFO TIPXO
t Wearing a motorcycle helmet
UP SFEVDF BMDPIPMSFMBUFE DSBTIFT
DPSSFDUMZDBOSFEVDFUIFSJTLPGEFBUI
4FWFOUZOJOF QFS DFOU PG DPVOUSJFT
CZBMNPTUBOEUIFSJTLPGTFWFSF
report that they use one or both of these
JOKVSZCZPWFS!#.
NFUIPETPGFOGPSDFNFOU)PXFWFSPOMZ
t 8IFO NPUPSDZDMF IFMNFU MBXT BSF
DPVOUSJFT
SFQPSUBOFOGPSDFNFOU
FOGPSDFEFGGFDUJWFMZIFMNFUXFBSJOH
SBUJOH PG PWFS PO B TDBMF PG UP SBUFT DBO JODSFBTF UP PWFS TFF5BCMF"JO4UBUJTUJDBM"OOFY
5IJT
!$!%.
SFQSFTFOUTPGIJHIJODPNFDPVOUSJFT
t The effectiveness of motorcycle
PG NJEEMFJODPNF DPVOUSJFT BOE
helmets in reducing head injuries
KVTUPGMPXJODPNFDPVOUSJFT5BLFO
JT JO QBSU B SFTVMU PG UIF RVBMJUZ PG
UPHFUIFS UIFTF mOEJOHT TIPX UIBU POMZ
UIF IFMNFUT 3FRVJSJOH IFMNFUT UP
PGQBSUJDJQBUJOHDPVOUSJFTDPWFSJOH
meet a recognized safety standard
PGUIFXPSMETQPQVMBUJPOIBWFCPUI
is important to ensure that helmets
BEFRVBUFESJOLoESJWJOHMBXTBTEFmOFE
can effectively reduce the impact of
CZB#"$MJNJUPGMFTTUIBOPSFRVBMUP
a collision to the head in the event
HEM
BOE FOGPSDFNFOU SBUJOHT PG
of a crash !&.
over 7.
What this survey found
WHAT CAN BE DONE
4 All countries should have a drink–driving
law and should strictly enforce it.
4 Drink–driving laws should be based
on blood alcohol concentration, or the
equivalent breath alcohol content limits,
which should be 0.05 g/dl or below.
4 All countries should set limits of 0.02 g/dl
or below for young/novice drivers.
22
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
0WFS O
PG DPVOUSJFT
participating in this global survey
IBWF MBXT TFU BU FJUIFS UIF OBUJPOBM PS
TVCOBUJPOBM MFWFM UIBU SFRVJSF IFMNFUT
UP CF XPSO CZ VTFST PG NPUPSJ[FE
UXPXIFFMFST )PXFWFS MFHJTMBUJPO JT
incomplete in many of these countries.
'PS JOTUBODF TPNF DPVOUSJFT NBLF
FYDFQUJPOT GPS NPUPSDZDMJTUT VTJOH MPX
>V]b];>SRS\E6=
>V]b]>cPZWQE]`Ya2SÔ`b[S\b;OZOgaWO
QPXFSFEFOHJOFTXIJMFPUIFSDPVOUSJFT
FYFNQU BMM QBTTFOHFST PS QFSTPOT XJUI
religious headgear. This survey found
UIBUPGQBSUJDJQBUJOHDPVOUSJFTIBWF
IFMNFU MBXT UIBU BSF DPNQSFIFOTJWF JO
TDPQFJFUIBUSFRVJSFCPUIESJWFSTBOE
QBTTFOHFSTPGNPUPSJ[FEUXPXIFFMFSTUP
XFBSIFMNFUTPOBMMSPBETBOESFHBSEMFTT
of engine type1TFF5BCMF"JO4UBUJTUJDBM
"OOFY
'VSUIFSNPSFUIFSFTVMUTTIPXUIBU
IFMNFU TUBOEBSET BSF MBDLJOH JO B IJHI
QSPQPSUJPO O
PG DPVOUSJFT
UIVT DBMMJOH JOUP RVFTUJPO UIF BCJMJUZ PG
BMBXPOIFMNFUXFBSJOHUPBDIJFWFJUT
QVSQPTF 5BLFO UPHFUIFS UIFTF mOEJOHT
NFBOUIBUPOMZO
PGDPVOUSJFT
IBWF DPNQSFIFOTJWF IFMNFU MBXT and
SFRVJSF IFMNFUT UP NFFU B TQFDJGJD
TUBOEBSETFF'JHVSF
0OMZPGDPVOUSJFT
have a comprehensive
IFMNFUMBXBOESFRVJSF
helmets to meet a
specific standard.
1 Some of these have exceptions, such as exempting those for medical reasons or for religious
reasons.
Figure 8. Motorcycle helmet laws and helmet standards by country/area
Has a law and standard
Has a law but no/unknown standards
Laws at subnational level
No law
No data
&WFO XIFSF DPNQSFIFOTJWF MBXT BSF
JO QMBDF FOGPSDFNFOU JT MPX JO NPTU
DPVOUSJFT0OMZO
PGDPVOUSJFT
SBUFUIFJSFOGPSDFNFOUPGIFMNFUVTFMBXT
BT IJHIFS UIBO PO B TDBMF PG UP
TFF 5BCMF " JO 4UBUJTUJDBM "OOFY
'JOBMMZ UIF JNQBDU PG IFMNFU MBXT UIBU
are in place is also difficult to ascertain
JONBOZDPVOUSJFT0OMZPGDPVOUSJFT
IBWFEBUBPOIFMNFUXFBSJOHSBUFTBOE
both the reliability and the generalizability
PG UIF SFTVMUT WBSZ DPOTJEFSBCMZ TFF
QBHF
WHAT CAN BE DONE
4 All countries should have mandatory laws
on helmet use on motorized two- and
three-wheelers.
4 These laws should cover all riders who are
legally allowed to ride on motorized twoor three-wheelers, all engine types and all
road types.
4 Countries need to enact laws requiring
helmets to meet a national or international
standard.
4 Countries need to establish systems to
collect data on rates of helmet-wearing.
Seat-belt use
What is known?
t 8FBSJOH B TFBUCFMU SFEVDFT UIF
SJTL PG B GBUBMJUZ BNPOH GSPOU TFBU
QBTTFOHFSTCZo!'o".
t 4UVEJFT TVHHFTU UIBU TFBUCFMUT DBO
SFEVDFGBUBMJUJFTBNPOHSFBSTFBUDBS
PDDVQBOUTCZo!'" t .BOEBUPSZ TFBUCFMU MBXT UIFJS
FOGPSDFNFOU BOE BQQSPQSJBUF
QVCMJD BXBSFOFTT DBNQBJHOT IBWF
CFFO TIPXO UP CF WFSZ FGGFDUJWF JO
JODSFBTJOHSBUFTPGTFBUCFMUXFBSJOH
"!'"!.
What this survey found
8IJMFTFBUCFMUMBXTBSFXJEFTQSFBEoXJUI
O
PGDPVOUSJFTQBSUJDJQBUJOH
in the global survey reporting national or
TVCOBUJPOBMMBXToJONBOZDPVOUSJFTUIF
MBXEPFTOPUBQQMZUPBMMDBSPDDVQBOUT
JF UP GSPOU BOE SFBSTFBU PDDVQBOUT
0OMZO
PGDPVOUSJFTSFRVJSF
BMMDBSPDDVQBOUTUPXFBSTFBUCFMUTBOE
UIJTmHVSFJTNVDIIJHIFSJOIJHIJODPNF
DPVOUSJFT UIBO JO NJEEMFJODPNF
DPVOUSJFT
PSMPXJODPNFDPVOUSJFT
TFF5BCMF"JO4UBUJTUJDBM"OOFY
0OMZPGMPX
income countries and
PGNJEEMFJODPNF
DPVOUSJFTSFRVJSFTFBU
belts to be used in cars
SFBSTFBUQBTTFOHFST
24
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
>V]b]<17>1121
CZCPUIGSPOUTFBUBOE
5XFMWFQFSDFOUO
PGDPVOUSJFTIBWF
OPTFBUCFMUMBXBUBMMTFF'JHVSF
&OGPSDFNFOUPGTFBUCFMUMBXTJTXFBLJO
NBOZ DPVOUSJFT 0OMZ O
PG
DPVOUSJFTSBUFFOGPSDFNFOUPGUIFJSTFBU
CFMUMBXTBCPWFPOBTDBMFPGUP
0OMZ PG DPVOUSJFT O
IBWF B
TFBUCFMUMBXUIBUBQQMJFTUPBMMPDDVQBOUT
and an enforcement rating of greater
UIBOPOBTDBMFPGUPTFF5BCMF
"JO4UBUJTUJDBM"OOFY
The ability to ascertain the effectiveness
PGUIFTFMBXTJTEJGmDVMUJGSFMFWBOUEBUB
BSFOPUBWBJMBCMFJOUIJTTVSWFZPWFS
of countries reported having no data
PO SBUFT PG TFBUCFMU VTF JO GSPOU TFBUT
BOE SFQPSUFE OP EBUB PO SBUFT PG
XFBSJOHSFBSTFBUCFMUT
4FBUCFMU MBXT DBOOPU CF FGGFDUJWF JG
MBSHFOVNCFSTPGDBSTBSFOPUmUUFEXJUI
TFBUCFMUT BT JT UIF DBTF JO NBOZ MPX
income countries. Although the survey
EJEOPUDPMMFDUJOGPSNBUJPOPOTFBUCFMU
SFRVJSFNFOUT GPS JNQPSUFE DBST EBUB
GSPN UIF TVSWFZ TIPX UIBU PG UIF countries that manufacture or assemble
DBST PWFS POF RVBSUFS EP OPU
SFRVJSFTFBUCFMUTUPCFmUUFEJOCPUIGSPOU
and rear seats.
WHAT CAN BE DONE
4 Vehicle manufacturers and assemblers
should be required to fit seat-belts in
both front and rear seats of all vehicles,
irrespective of the end market.
4 Seat-belt laws must be improved to cover
all occupants.
4 Enforcement efforts must be strengthened
in many countries and must be equally
applied to the occupants of both front and
rear-seats in cars.
4 Countries need to establish systems to
collect data on rates of seat-belt use.
4 Enforcement efforts must be backed
by intensive mass-media education
programmes that highlight the risk of
injury when not wearing a seat-belt and
increase the perceived likelihood of being
detected and penalized.
Figure 9. Seat-belt laws by country/area
National law applies to all car occupants
Law at subnational level
No law or law does not apply to all car occupants
No data
Use of child restraints
What is known?
t $IJMESFO XIP BSF VOSFTUSBJOFE JO
BDBSBSFBUJODSFBTFESJTLPGJOKVSZ
and death in the event of a collision.
"QQSPQSJBUF DIJME SFTUSBJOU TZTUFNT
XIJDIJODMVEFDIJMETFBUTGPSJOGBOUT
BOECPPTUFSTFBUTGPSPMEFSDIJMESFO
BSF EFTJHOFE XJUI UIF DIJMET
developmental stage in mind. They
XPSLUPTFDVSFUIFDIJMEJOBXBZUIBU
reduces the chance of a severe injury
occurring.
t *GDPSSFDUMZJOTUBMMFEBOEVTFEDIJME
restraints reduce deaths among
JOGBOUT CZ BQQSPYJNBUFMZ BOE
EFBUITPGTNBMMDIJMESFOCZCFUXFFO
BOE!'"".
t .BOEBUPSZ DIJME SFTUSBJOU MBXT BOE
their enforcement lead to an increase
in the use of child restraints """.
DIJMESFTUSBJOUTTFF'JHVSF
)PXFWFS
this figure hides considerable variation
CZSFHJPOBOEJODPNFTUBUVTTFF5BCMF
"JO4UBUJTUJDBM"OOFY
.PSFUIBO
PGIJHIJODPNFDPVOUSJFTIBWFOBUJPOBM
MFHJTMBUJPO PO DIJME SFTUSBJOUT XIJMF UIF
QSPQPSUJPO JO MPXJODPNF DPVOUSJFT JT
POMZ
&WFO XIFSF MFHJTMBUJPO JT JO QMBDF
the results of the survey suggest that
FOGPSDFNFOU PG DIJME SFTUSBJOU MBXT JT
WFSZMPXJONPTUDPVOUSJFTPOMZPG
UIPTFDPVOUSJFTXJUIOBUJPOBMMFHJTMBUJPO
on the use of child restraints report
enforcement as being above 7 on a
TDBMFPGUP5IJTNFBOTUIBUPOMZ
of all participating countries have a child
SFTUSBJOUMBXand rate its enforcement as
PWFSPOBTDBMFPGUPBOEUIFTF
BSF BMM IJHIJODPNF PS NJEEMFJODPNF
DPVOUSJFT
"T XFMM BT XFBL MFHJTMBUJPO
BOEQPPSFOGPSDFNFOUQSFWJPVTSFTFBSDI
What this survey found
The global survey found that just under indicates that the prohibitive cost of child
IBMG PG QBSUJDJQBUJOH DPVOUSJFT O
restraints in many countries is also an
report any legislation at all on the use of important factor that affects usage.
+VTUVOEFSIBMGPG
DPVOUSJFTIBWFBMBX
SFRVJSJOHUIFVTFPG
child restraints for
young children in
>V]b]<17>1121
vehicles.
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
Figure 10. Child restraint legislation by country/area
National child restraint laws
Laws at subnational level
No law
No data
WHAT CAN BE DONE
4 Child restraint laws need to be enacted and enforced. These laws should specify
the type of restraint, the child’s age for which each restraint is appropriate, and
the seating position.
4 Mechanisms should be established to improve access to affordable child restraints.
4 Countries need to establish systems to collect data on rates of child restraint use.
4 Programmes to increase use of child restraints need to address social norms and
encourage a culture of safety. The public needs to be aware of the safety benefits
of using child restraints.
Legislation: summary
DPVOUSJFT8IFSFMBXTPOUIFTFSJTL
8IJMF QPTJUJWF TUFQT UPXBSET FOBDUJOH GBDUPSTFYJTUUIFZBSFPGUFOJOBEFRVBUFMZ
BQQSPQSJBUFMFHJTMBUJPOIBWFCFFOUBLFO FOGPSDFE o QBSUJDVMBSMZ JO MPXJODPNF
JOBMMSFHJPOTPGUIFXPSMENVDISFNBJOT BOENJEEMFJODPNFDPVOUSJFT
to be done.
(PWFSONFOUTOFFEUPFOBDUBOEFOGPSDF
Although all countries reported national DPNQSFIFOTJWF MBXT UIBU SFRVJSF BMM
or subnational legislation related to road users to be protected by means
BU MFBTU POF PG UIF mWF LFZ SJTL GBDUPST of appropriate occupant restraints and
TQFFE ESJOLoESJWJOH IFMNFUT TFBU to respect alcohol and speed limits that
CFMUT BOE DIJME SFTUSBJOUT
POMZ PG SFEVDF UIF SJTL PG B SPBE USBGmD DSBTI
countries have national or subnational 5IFTF MBXT OFFE UP FOTVSF UIBU MFHBM
MBXT SFMBUJOH UP BMM mWF SJTL GBDUPST *O loopholes are avoided that could exempt
BEEJUJPO MFHJTMBUJPO PO SJTL GBDUPST JT QBSUJDVMBSSPBEVTFST&OGPSDFNFOUFGGPSUT
still incomplete in its coverage in many NVTU CF IJHIMZ WJTJCMF XFMMQVCMJDJ[FE
27
TVTUBJOFEBOEJNQMFNFOUFECZUIFVTF 0OMZPGBMMDPVOUSJFTSFTQPOEJOHUP
of appropriate measures and penalties UIFTVSWFZIBE
t EBUB PO GBUBM BOE OPOGBUBM SPBE
GPS JOGSJOHFNFOU /POHPWFSONFOUBM
USBGmDJOKVSJFTQMVT
organizations and other civil society
t FTUJNBUFTPGUIFDPTUUPUIFFDPOPNZ
groups can play an important role in
plus
generating public and political support for
t data on monitoring and evaluation
FWJEFODFCBTFESPBETBGFUZNFBTVSFT
indicators such as rates of helmet
BOETFBUCFMUVTF
&OGPSDFNFOU JT NPTU FGGFDUJWF XIFO
TVQQPSUFECZJOUFOTJWFQVCMJDBXBSFOFTT
campaigns that both highlight the safety Data on fatalities
CFOFmUTPGDPNQMZJOHXJUIUIFMFHJTMBUJPO $PNQBSJOHEBUBBDSPTTOBUJPOTSFRVJSFT
and also increase the perception of a standardized definition of a road traffic
CFJOH EFUFDUFE BOE QFOBMJ[FE XIFO GBUBMJUZ)PXFWFSDPVOUSJFTSFQPSUBXJEF
OPU DPNQMZJOH XJUI UIF MBX "T XFMM BT range of definitions for a road traffic
JODSFBTJOHBXBSFOFTTPGUIFMBXToBOE death. These definitions use different time
of the penalties for not respecting them QFSJPETCFUXFFOBSPBEDSBTIBOEEFBUI
oQVCMJDBXBSFOFTTDBNQBJHOTOFFEUP and include or exclude different types of
XPSLUPXBSETCVJMEJOHBDVMUVSFPGTBGFUZ road users. The same definitions are also
TPUIBUUIFHFOFSBMQVCMJDBSFBXBSFPG OPUBMXBZTVTFEDPOTJTUFOUMZJOUIFTBNF
UIFTBGFUZSFBTPOTCFIJOEUIFTFMBXT
country ".
Few countries have reliable
data on road traffic injuries
%BUBPOUIFNBHOJUVEFPGUIFQSPCMFN
BOEUIFSJTLGBDUPSTJOWPMWFEBSFFTTFOUJBM
to developing a systems approach to
road safety. A comprehensive assessment
of the magnitude of road traffic injuries
should consider not only mortality but also
OPOGBUBMJOKVSJFTBOESFTVMUJOHEJTBCJMJUZ
BT XFMM BT UIF FDPOPNJD DPTU PG SPBE
USBGmDJOKVSJFTBOEUIFDPTUFGGFDUJWFOFTT
of interventions.
" OVNCFS PG PUIFS JOEJDBUPST DBO JG
NPOJUPSFE BDDVSBUFMZ BOE SFHVMBSMZ
provide essential information to
governments in targeting their
interventions and in evaluating the
effectiveness of their current national
road safety programmes. These include
the proportion of road traffic deaths that
BSFBUUSJCVUFEUPBMDPIPMBTXFMMBTIFMNFU
BOETFBUCFMUVTFSBUFT
28
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
The current recommended definition of
a road traffic fatality for harmonization
of surveillance purposes is “any person
killed immediately or dying within 30
days as a result of a road traffic injury
accident” "# 5IF DIPJDF PG EBZT
XBT CBTFE PO SFTFBSDI XIJDI TIPXFE
UIBUNPTUQFSTPOTXIPEJFBTBSFTVMUPGB
DSBTITVDDVNCUPUIFJSJOKVSJFTXJUIJO
EBZTPGTVTUBJOJOHUIFNBOEUIBUXIJMF
FYUFOTJPOPGUIJTEBZQFSJPESFTVMUFE
JO B NBSHJOBM JODSFBTF JO OVNCFST JU
SFRVJSFE B EJTQSPQPSUJPOBUFMZ MBSHF
increase in surveillance efforts %.
"MUIPVHI UIFSF BSF NPWFT XJUIJO TPNF
SFHJPOT UP NBLF UIJT EBZ EFmOJUJPO
UIF TUBOEBSE UIF SFTVMUT PG UIJT TVSWFZ
indicate that this goal remains largely
unattained. The time periods used in
EFmOJUJPOTPGSPBEUSBGmDSFMBUFEEFBUIT
range from “died at the scene of the
DSBTIw UISPVHI B EBZ QFSJPE BOE B
EBZQFSJPEUPBOZEFBUIUIBUSFTVMUT
from a road traffic crash regardless of the
time that has elapsed. At the global level
6OEFSSFQPSUJOHIBTCFFOBDLOPXMFEHFE
for many years as another important
SFBTPOXIZJUJTEJGmDVMUUPDPNQBSFSPBE
USBGmDDSBTIEBUBCFUXFFODPVOUSJFT4PNF
DPVOUSJFTIBWFUBLFOTUFQTUPBEESFTTUIJT
JTTVFBOEUPBEKVTUUIFJSPXOEBUBPSMJOL
UIFJSEJGGFSFOUEBUBCBTFTCVUNBOZIBWF
OPU'BDUPSTUIBUDBOBGGFDUUIFRVBMJUZPG
EBUBSFQPSUFEJODMVEFQPMJUJDBMJOnVFODFT
competing priorities and availability of
resources.
POMZ DPVOUSJFT VTF B EBZ
EFmOJUJPO GPS B SPBE USBGmD GBUBMJUZ TFF
'JHVSF &WFO XJUIJO UIF &VSPQFBO
3FHJPO XIJDI IBT NBEF DPOTJEFSBCMF
FGGPSUT UP CSJOH DPVOUSJFT JO MJOF XJUI
UIF EBZ EFmOJUJPO PG B SPBE USBGmD
GBUBMJUZUIFSFJTXJEFWBSJBUJPO"MUIPVHI
definitional issues can be overcome
CZ BQQMZJOH DPSSFDUJPO GBDUPST GPS
harmonization and comparison purposes
JUXPVMECFFBTJFSJGBMMDPVOUSJFTVTFEUIF
same definition.
Figure 11. Time period used to define a road traffic fatality by country/
area and income group
Other
Within 1 year
Within 30 days
Within 7 days
Within 24 hours
On the scene
10
20
30
40
50
Number of countries
HIC
MIC
LIC
HIC = high-income countries; MIC = middle-income countries; LIC = low-income countries
60
70
80
90
4JNQMFDBTVBMUZSFHJTUFSTDBO
be used to obtain a minimum
EBUBTFUXIJDIQSPWJEFT
JOGPSNBUJPOPOOPOGBUBM
injuries.
>V]b];>SRS\E6=
0
The extent of underreporting is also
JOnVFODFECZ
t UIF TFDUPS UIBU SFDPSET UIF
JOGPSNBUJPO
t UIFQSPQPSUJPOPGDSBTIFTJOWPMWJOH
WVMOFSBCMF SPBE VTFST JO NBOZ
countries these types of crashes are
NPSFMJLFMZUPCFVOEFSSFQPSUFE
t QPPSPSBCTFOUMJOLTCFUXFFOQPMJDF
USBOTQPSU BOE IFBMUI TFSWJDF EBUB
XIJDINFBOTUIBUmHVSFTGPSQFPQMF
XIPEJFBGUFSBENJTTJPOUPIPTQJUBM
NBZOPUCFSFnFDUFE
t FYFNQUJPOT GSPN SFQPSUJOH DFSUBJO
DSBTIFT TVDI BT UIPTF JOWPMWJOH
OPONPUPSJ[FE PS NJMJUBSZ WFIJDMFT
and
t XIFUIFS TBNQMJOH TUSBUFHJFT BSF
employed and extrapolated.
in data collected by the police and
transport sectors compared to health
TFDUPS EBUB XIJDI TVHHFTUT UIF OFFE
GPS MJOLT UP JNQSPWF EBUB RVBMJUZ "$.
5IJT TVSWFZ TIPXFE UIBU POMZ PG
countries used health data as a source
PGUIFJSGBUBMJUZJOGPSNBUJPOFJUIFSBMPOF
PSJODPNCJOBUJPOXJUIEBUBGSPNBOPUIFS
TPVSDF'JHVSF
)BMGPGUIFDPVOUSJFT
reported data on road traffic fatalities on
the basis of police records only.
All the above complexities limit
USBOTOBUJPOBMDPNQBSJTPOT$POTFRVFOUMZ
a number of mechanisms have been
developed to try to address some of the
JTTVFT PG VOEFSSFQPSUJOH BOE UP NBLF
data more comparable. In this global
TVSWFZXFVTFEB
UIF4NFFE$PFGmDJFOU
"% UP BEKVTU BMM DPVOUSJFT SPBE USBGmD
'JOBMMZBOJNQPSUBOUGBDUPSJOUIFRVBMJUZ GBUBMJUZEBUBUPBEBZEFmOJUJPOBOE
PGBDPVOUSZTIFBMUIEBUBJOHFOFSBMJT C
EFWFMPQFE B TQFDJBM NPEFM VTJOH
UIF FRVBMJUZ PG BDDFTT PG JUT QFPQMF UP OFHBUJWF CJOPNJBM SFHSFTTJPO TFF
4UBUJTUJDBM "OOFY GPS NPSF JOGPSNBUJPO
health care facilities.
5BCMF TIPXT UIF SFQPSUFE EBUB BOE
0OF XBZ PG JNQSPWJOH UIJT QSPCMFN SBUFQFSQPQVMBUJPOWFSTVTUIBU
JT UP MJOL EBUB TPVSDFT 4UVEJFT IBWF PCUBJOFECZUIFNPEFMJOEJDBUJOHB
TIPXO IJHIFS MFWFMT PG VOEFSSFQPSUJOH difference globally.
Figure 12. Proportion of countries using different data sources for
road traffic fatalities
No data (2%)
Health (7%)
Other (15%)
Police (50%)
Statistics (9%)
Linked to health/
other sector (7%)
Transport (11%)
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
Table 4. Road traffic deaths by WHO region using
reported and modelled data
REPORTED DATAa
WHO REGION
AFRICAN REGION
n
MODELLED DATAa
RATE PER 100 000
POPULATION
n
RATE PER 100 000
POPULATION
52 302
7.2
234 768
32.2
REGION OF THE AMERICAS
139 466
15.5
142 252
15.8
SOUTH-EAST ASIA REGION
143 977
8.4
285 020
16.6
76 912
14.1
175 668
32.2
EUROPEAN REGION
113 346
12.8
117 997
13.4
WESTERN PACIFIC REGION
135 316
7.6
278 321
15.6
661 319
10.1
1 234 026
18.8
EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN REGION
GLOBAL
a
Adjusted for 30-day definition.
WHAT CAN BE DONE
4 Encourage the use of the 30-day definition of road traffic fatality for
harmonization across data sources.
4 Improve data linkages between police, transport and health sectors.
4 Increase human capacity to undertake data collection, analysis and interpretation.
4 Improve the use of ICD1 coding in vital registration to adequately reflect road
traffic deaths.
1
The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is used to classify diseases and other health problems recorded on
many types of records, including death certificates and health records. The most recent (10th) revision of the ICD codes
came into use in 1994 but some countries still use previous versions.
Data on non-fatal injuries
*OBEEJUJPOUPNPSUBMJUZEBUBJOGPSNBUJPO
POOPOGBUBMJOKVSJFTJTJNQPSUBOUCFDBVTF
it provides a complete picture of the
JNQBDUPGSPBEUSBGmDDSBTIFTGPSQPMJDZ
NBLJOH *U DBO GPS FYBNQMF HVJEF
IPTQJUBM TUBGGJOH EPDUPS BOE OVSTF
USBJOJOH BOE BMMPDBUJPO PG GVOET GPS
hospital admissions and rehabilitation.
)PXFWFSJUJTOPUBMXBZTFTTFOUJBMUPTFU
up a sophisticated injury information
TZTUFNXIFOSFTPVSDFTBSFTDBSDFTPNF
type of “casualty register” or repeated
TVSWFZTDBOCFFRVBMMZVTFGVM
employ hospital staff to code injuries
XIFOUIFQBUJFOUJTEJTDIBSHFEGSPNDBSF
oVTJOHBTUBOEBSEJ[FETDPSJOHNFUIPE
TVDI BT UIF "CCSFWJBUFE *OKVSZ 4DBMF
*OKVSZ4FWFSJUZ4DPSFPSUIF*OUFSOBUJPOBM
$MBTTJmDBUJPO PG %JTFBTFT DPEFT o BOE
UIFO MJOL UIFTF EBUB UP QPMJDFUSBOTQPSU
databases "&o#.
)PXFWFS JO NBOZ DPVOUSJFT UIF MFWFM
of severity of an injury is recorded by
the police at the site of the crash. This
results in less reliable categorization of
JOKVSJFT 5IF MBDL PG IBSNPOJ[BUJPO JO
UFSNJOPMPHZ VTFE BMTP NBLFT DPVOUSZ
1SPCMFNT SFMBUJOH UP UIF RVBMJUZ BOE DPNQBSJTPOTEJGmDVMU*OTPNFDPVOUSJFT
SFMJBCJMJUZ PG EBUB PO OPOGBUBM JOKVSJFT iTFSJPVTwJTEFmOFEBTiSFRVJSJOHIPTQJUBM
are probably even more complex BUUFOUJPOwXIJMFJOPUIFSTJUJTiJOQBUJFOU
than those relating to data on deaths. DBSF GPS BU MFBTU IPVSTw XIJMF ZFU
Reliable assessment of the severity of others have longer admission times.
JOKVSZSFRVJSFTTPNFDMJOJDBMFYQFSJFODF 5IFSF JT VTVBMMZ MJUUMF MJBJTPO CFUXFFO
PS NFEJDBM FYQFSUJTF " GFX DPVOUSJFT UIF QPMJDF BOE IFBMUI GBDJMJUJFT UP USBDL
Training police in Addis Ababa on data
DPMMFDUJPOJTPOFNFBTVSFVTFECZUIF&UIJPQJBO
government to improve estimates of road traffic injury
fatalities.
CENTRE "OVSTFBUUFOETUPBNPUPSDZDMJTUXJUIBIFBE
JOKVSZJO$IJBOH.BJ5IBJMBOE
>V]b];9VOgSaWE6=
PHOTO LEFT
3FNFNCFSJOHUIPTFLJMMFEJOSPBEUSBGmDDSBTIFT
in France.
RIGHT
The majority of
countries do not
have robust data on
OPOGBUBMSPBEUSBGmD
injuries.
IPXMPOHBQBUJFOUJTBENJUUFEGPSBOE
so the category of serious can range
GSPN B GFX DVUT BOE CSVJTFT UP TFWFSF
IFBEJOKVSJFT5PDPNQPVOEUIJTJONPTU
IJHIJODPNFDPVOUSJFTUIPTFJOWPMWFEJO
BDSBTIXJUIBOZUZQFPGJOKVSZBSFVTVBMMZ
seen in an accident and emergency room
GPS JOTVSBODF QVSQPTFT XIJMF JO MPX
JODPNF BOE NJEEMFJODPNF DPVOUSJFT
UIJTEFQFOETPOBDDFTTUPDBSFBHPPE
QSFIPTQJUBMDBSFTZTUFNmOBODFTBOE
PUIFSWBSJBCMFTTFF#PY
5IJTTVSWFZTIPXFEBSBUJPCFUXFFO
EFBUIT BOE TFWFSF JOKVSJFT *G UIJT XFSF
applied to the global total of 1.27 million
EFBUITJUXPVMENFBOUIBUBQQSPYJNBUFMZ
NJMMJPOQFPQMFBSFJOKVSFETFWFSFMZ
enough to be seen in an emergency
room. This supports previous estimates
PGUIFUPUBMOVNCFSPGOPOGBUBMJOKVSJFT
BMMTFWFSJUZMFWFMT
BTCFUXFFOBOE
million "%.
WHAT CAN BE DONE
4 The data collected by the health sector need to be improved. This is particularly true with regard
to data on non-fatal injuries. This can take the form of discharge data using ICD coding, injury
surveillance systems or, where this is not feasible, intermittent surveys or “casualty registers” which
collect only minimum data #.
4 There is a need for standard definitions of levels of severity of non-fatal injuries to allow them to
be accurately recorded and collated. The definitions should be simple enough to be administered by
both health and non-health personnel.
4 Countries should be encouraged to link all data sources on road traffic injuries in order to help
address underreporting.
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
>V]b];>SRS\E6=
>V]b]E6=
Box 4: Pre-hospital care
.VDIDBOCFEPOFUPMPXFSUIFCVSEFOPGEFBUIBOEEJTBCJMJUZGSPNSPBE
traffic injuries by strengthening trauma care services across the spectrum
GSPNQSFIPTQJUBMDBSFUISPVHIUPSFIBCJMJUBUJPO5IFDIBJOPGTVSWJWBMTUBSUT
BUUIFTDFOFPGUIFJODJEFOU1SPNQUHPPERVBMJUZQSFIPTQJUBMDBSFDBO
save the lives of many injured persons.
5IFRVJDLBSSJWBMPGFNFSHFODZSFTQPOTFUFBNTJTBOJNQPSUBOUGBDUPS
JOSFEVDJOHBEWFSTFIFBMUIDPOTFRVFODFTPGBDSBTI"MUIPVHINPTU
DPVOUSJFTIBWFPOFVOJWFSTBMQSFIPTQJUBMDBSFBDDFTTUFMFQIPOFOVNCFS
DPVOUSJFTIBWFVQUPUISFFEJGGFSFOUOBUJPOBMUFMFQIPOFOVNCFSTBOE
BGVSUIFSDPVOUSJFTIBWFMPDBMPSSFHJPOTQFDJmDOVNCFST5IJTDBOCF
DPOGVTJOHGPSUIFMBZQFSTPOXIPIBTUPSFNFNCFSUIFEJGGFSFOUOVNCFST
BOEUIFOEFDJEFXIJDIOVNCFSUPVTF'PSFYBNQMFJO4PVUI"GSJDBJG
ZPVBSFVTJOHBNPCJMFQIPOFZPVBSFSFRVJSFEUPEJBMXIJMFPO
BMBOEMJOFUIFOVNCFSJT5PDPNQPVOENBUUFSTBOVNCFSPG
private ambulance companies cannot be accessed unless one has medical
JOTVSBODFXIJDIDPWFSTUIJTTFSWJDF
>V]b]E6=
5IJTHMPCBMTVSWFZTIPXFEUIBUPGUIFDPVOUSJFTIBWFGPSNBM
QSFIPTQJUBMDBSFTZTUFNT5IFRVBMJUZPGUIFTFTZTUFNTIPXFWFSXBT
OPUFWBMVBUFE5IFZDPVMESBOHFGSPNTPQIJTUJDBUFETZTUFNTXJUIIJHIMZ
RVBMJmFETUBGGUPUIPTFUIBUSFMZPOMZPOmSTUSFTQPOEFSTFHCZTUBOEFST
Where no pre-hospital trauma care system exists, trained
community members can provide first aid.
5IFNPTUDPNNPOQSFIPTQJUBMDBSFBDDFTTOVNCFSVTFEJTVTFECZDPVOUSJFT
GPMMPXFECZVTFE
QSFEPNJOBOUMZJOUIF"NFSJDBT
BOEVTFEQSFEPNJOBOUMZJO"GSJDB
TFF5BCMF"JO4UBUJTUJDBM"OOFY
"T
JOUFSOBUJPOBMUSBWFMJODSFBTFTJUXJMMCFJODSFBTJOHMZJNQPSUBOUUPXPSLUPXBSETPOFHMPCBMPSSFHJPOBMQIPOFOVNCFS
'PSJOTUBODFUIF&VSPQFBO6OJPOJTNPWJOHUPXBSETUIFBEPQUJPOPGPOFVOJWFSTBMOVNCFS
GPSBMMJUTNFNCFS
countries.
Data on economic costs
t 8 I J M F D P V O U S Z M F W F M D P T U J O H
studies are important for internal
DPNQBSJTPOTBUBHMPCBMMFWFMUIFZ
IBWF DPOTJEFSBCMF MJNJUBUJPOT XJUI
regard to comparisons in terms of the
EJGGFSFOU NFUIPEPMPHJFT FNQMPZFE
the different currencies used and the
EJGGFSFOUZFBSTJOXIJDIUIFTBNQMFT
XFSFDPMMFDUFE
Considerable economic and social costs
SFTVMUGSPNEFBUITJOKVSJFTBOEEJTBCJMJUZ
caused by road traffic crashes. The survey
SFTVMUTTIPXFEUIBU
t -FTT UIBO IBMG PG BMM QBSUJDJQBUJOH
countries have conducted a study on
UIFDPTUPGSPBEUSBGmDEFBUITBOE
PSJOKVSJFTTFF5BCMF
t Most surveys are not national
but based on a sample and are
usually conducted in a teaching
IPTQJUBM %BUB ESBXO GSPN UIFN
XIJMFVTFGVMUIFSFGPSFIBWFMJNJUFE
generalizability.
t (SPTT PVUQVU NFUIPEPMPHZ JT UIF
most common method used to assess
costs. While this type of costing is
VTFGVM GPS IFBMUI TFSWJDFT JU TIPXT
POMZ UIF UJQ PG UIF JDFCFSH -PTT PG
QSPEVDUJWJUZ EBNBHFT SFEVDFE
RVBMJUZPGMJGFBOEPUIFSGBDUPSTBSF
important indirect costs that need to
be included if the true cost to society
is to be calculated.
)PXFWFS UIJT UZQF PG JOGPSNBUJPO BU
country level is extremely important
GPS TIPXJOH UIF JNQBDU PG SPBE USBGmD
crashes on all the sectors involved and
for convincing politicians to invest in
QSFWFOUJPO ,OPXJOH UIF FGGFDUJWFOFTT
PG JOUFSWFOUJPOT BOE DPOTFRVFOU DPTUo
CFOFmU SBUJPT XPVME CF NPTU CFOFmDJBM
to countries.
WHAT CAN BE DONE
4 Countries should be encouraged to conduct
national studies on the costs of road traffic
crashes as well as on the cost-effectiveness
of interventions they put into place.
4 Where possible, costing should include
both direct and indirect costs.
Table 5. Countries with one or more studies on the economic cost of
road traffic crashes by WHO region
WHO REGION
DEATHS AND
INJURIES
DEATHS ONLY
n
n
INJURIES ONLY
OTHER TYPES
OF STUDIES
COUNTRIES
REPORTING AT
LEAST 1 STUDY
n
n
n
AFRICAN REGION
15
2
0
17
REGION OF THE AMERICAS
14
0
1
15
SOUTH-EAST ASIA REGION
6
EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN REGION
10
1
EUROPEAN REGION
25
2
WESTERN PACIFIC REGION
11
ALL
81
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
5
1
7
1
12
27
1
2
13
4
91
Data on monitoring and
evaluation
0OMZ PG UIF DPVOUSJFT TVSWFZFE
IBWFBOBUJPOBMSPBETBGFUZTUSBUFHZ
XIJDI JODMVEFT UBSHFUT 0WFS POFUIJSE
PGUIFTFDPVOUSJFTBSFJO&VSPQFXIFSFB
&VSPQFBO6OJPOUBSHFUXBTTFUTPNFZFBST
BHPGPSBDIJFWFNFOUCZTFF5BCMF
0UIFS SFHJPOT MJLF "GSJDB IBWF BMTP
recently adopted targets although these
have yet to be reflected at country level.
Table 6. Countries with targets included in their road
safety strategies by WHO region and income level
WHO REGION
AFRICAN REGION
MIDDLE-INCOME
HIGH-INCOME
9
2
—
11
—
9
3
12
SOUTH-EAST ASIA REGIONa
2
2
—
4
EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN REGION
0
2
1
3
EUROPEAN REGION
1
11
21
33
WESTERN PACIFIC REGION
1
6
5
12
GLOBAL
13
32
30
75
b
No high-income countries.
No low-income countries.
Figure 13. Levels of motorcycle helmet
wearing in 60 countriesa
% motorcycle helmet
wearing (range)
17%
■ 0–24%
3%
While some countries have put into
QMBDF MFHJTMBUJPO UP BEESFTT UIFTF SJTL
GBDUPST GFX DPVOUSJFT IBWF FTUBCMJTIFE
systems to collect data on monitoring or
evaluating the success of these measures
at a national level.
*O UIJT TVSWFZ POMZ PG DPVOUSJFT
SFQPSUFE EBUB PO NPUPSDZDMF IFMNFU
XFBSJOHSBUFTXJUIUIFMFWFMTPGIFMNFU
XFBSJOHSFQPSUFEWBSZJOHXJEFMZBTTIPXO
JO'JHVSFBOE5BCMF"JOUIF4UBUJTUJDBM
"OOFY )PXFWFS UIF NFUIPEPMPHJFT
VTFEUPEFUFSNJOFUIFTFmHVSFTXFSFOPU
FWBMVBUFEBTQBSUPGUIJTTUVEZXIJMFGPS
TPNFDPVOUSJFTUIFIFMNFUXFBSJOHSBUFT
SFQPSUFEXFSFSFTVMUTPGTNBMMTUVEJFTJO
QBSUJDVMBSHFPHSBQIJDBSFBTXIJDIMJNJU
their generalizability.
■ 25–49%
■ 50–74%
■ 75–100%
% of countries
59%
22%
a
In 51 countries this estimate was based on an observational study,
the source of which is noted in the country profiles. In 9 countries the
estimated wearing rate is the opinion of the consensus group.
Figure 14. Seat-belt wearing rates
in 95 countriesa
% seat-belt
wearing (range)
18%
21%
■ <30%
■ 30–49%
7%
-FWFMTPGTFBUCFMUXFBSJOHBNPOHGSPOU
TFBU PDDVQBOUT XFSF SFQPSUFE GPS DPVOUSJFTBOESBOHFGSPNVOEFSUP
PWFSTFF'JHVSFBOE5BCMF"
JO 4UBUJTUJDBM "OOFY
-JNJUBUJPOT PG UIF
methodologies used are similar to those
TOTAL
REGION OF THE AMERICASb
a
Targets are not the only method of
monitoring or evaluating progress. Pages
oEFTDSJCFUIFFWJEFODFPOBOVNCFS
of proven interventions that are critical to
improving road safety. These include
SFEVDJOH TQFFE BOE ESJOLoESJWJOH BOE
JODSFBTJOHUIFVTFPGIFMNFUTTFBUCFMUT
and child restraints.
LOW-INCOME
a
■ 50–69%
■ 70–89%
% of countries
■ >90%
14%
40%
a
In 86 countries this estimate was based on an observational study,
the source of which is noted in the country profiles. In 9 countries the
estimated seat-belt wearing rate is the opinion of the consensus group.
PGIFMNFUXFBSJOHEBUB'PSUZTFWFOQFS
cent of countries reported having no data
PO SBUFT PG TFBUCFMU VTF JO GSPOU TFBUT
BOE SFQPSUFE OP EBUB PO SBUFT PG
XFBSJOHSFBSTFBUCFMUT
The proportion of deaths related to
alcohol reported in this study varies from
DPVOUSJFTXIFSFUIJTmHVSFJTVOEFSUP
UIPTFXIFSFBMDPIPMDPOUSJCVUFTUPPWFS
IBMGPGBMMSPBEUSBGmDGBUBMJUJFTTFF'JHVSF
BOE 5BCMF " JO 4UBUJTUJDBM "OOFY
)PXFWFS POMZ IBMG PG QBSUJDJQBUJOH
countries have any data on the proportion
of road traffic deaths attributable to
BMDPIPM o BOE UIPTF UIBU EP GSFRVFOUMZ
only have data from more sophisticated
UFSUJBSZ IPTQJUBMT XIJDI MJNJUT UIF
QPTTJCJMJUZPGNBLJOHHFOFSBMJ[BUJPOTPO
the basis of the information.
Figure 15. Proportion of alcohol-related fatal
crashes in 93 countriesa
% alcohol-relatedness
(range)
11%
3%
28%
■ <5%
■ 5–9%
■ 10–19%
15%
■ 20–29%
% of countries
■ 30–39%
■ 40–49%
11%
17%
■ >50%
15%
a
In 90 countries this estimate was based on official data, the source of
which is noted in the country profiles. In 3 countries the proportion given
is the opinion of the consensus group.
WHAT CAN BE DONE
4 Countries need to step up efforts to collect robust data on a number of intermediate indicators that
relate to road traffic injury prevention and that can be used for monitoring and evaluation research.
These include:
t rates of helmet use;
t rates of seat-belt use;
t the proportion of drivers with blood alcohol concentration over the legal limit;
t rates of child restraint use.
4 While high-income countries often use sophisticated survey methodology, basic helmet and seat-belt
wearing surveys are relatively simple and cheap to conduct. Surveys are essential for comprehensive
monitoring to take place.
4 These data are pivotal to making policy decisions based on evidence, and to evaluating measures
that are put in place.
4 The health sector should play an important role in research related to risk factors.
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
4
Conclusions
Strengths and weaknesses
of this survey
BTTFTTNFOUT BMMPX DPVOUSJFT UP NPOJUPS
their progress over time compared to that
of other countries.
>V]b]
>V]b]2;]VO\B@7>>
5IJTTVSWFZJTBmSTUTUFQUPXBSETBCSPBE
global assessment of road safety. It brings 5IFTVSWFZNFUIPEPMPHZXBTEFTJHOFEUP
UPHFUIFSBVOJRVFTFUPGEBUBPOBOVNCFS increase the accuracy and completeness
PGSPBETBGFUZWBSJBCMFTGPSDPVOUSJFT PGUIFEBUBUIBUXFSFTVCNJUUFEUP8)0
BDDPVOUJOHGPSPWFSPGUIFXPSMET CZ SFRVJSJOH SFTQPOEFOUT GSPN NVMUJQMF
population. It brings road safety into line TFDUPSTUPUBLFQBSUBOESFBDIDPOTFOTVT
XJUIPUIFSJTTVFTTVDIBTDMJNBUFDIBOHF PO UIF GJOBM BOTXFST "O BEEJUJPOBM
UPCBDDPBOEUVCFSDVMPTJTXIFSFSFHVMBS CFOFmUPGUIFNFUIPEPMPHZXBTUPGPTUFS
NVMUJTFDUPSBM DPMMBCPSBUJPO CZ MJOLJOH
SPBETBGFUZQSBDUJUJPOFSTXPSLJOHJOUIF
TBNF DPVOUSZ 4PNF /BUJPOBM %BUB
Coordinators reported that the consensus
HSPVQ NFFUJOH XBT UIF mSTU UJNF UIBU
practitioners from different sectors had
met to discuss road safety. As a result of
UIFSFHJPOBMUSBJOJOHXPSLTIPQTIFMEBT
QBSUPGUIJTQSPKFDUOFUXPSLTPG/BUJPOBM
%BUB$PPSEJOBUPSTIBWFCFFOEFWFMPQFE
and are already being used to facilitate
regional collaboration.
/POFUIFMFTTBTXJUIBOZTUVEZUIFSFBSF
BOVNCFSPGMJNJUBUJPOTOBNFMZ
t 5IF DPNQBSBCJMJUZ PG EBUB BDSPTT
DPVOUSJFTJTTPNFXIBUMJNJUFECFDBVTF
PG EJGGFSFOU JOUFSQSFUBUJPOT PG UFSNT
VTFEJOUIFRVFTUJPOOBJSFFHXIBU
DPOTUJUVUFTBSVSBMSPBEPSBIJHIXBZ
EJGGFSTCFUXFFODPVOUSJFT
DPVOUSJFT
reporting data from different years
PS
BOEEJGGFSFOUTPVSDFT
PGEBUBVTFEGPSWBSJBCMFTFHGBUBMJUZ
data in some countries came from the
QPMJDFTFDUPSBOEJOPUIFSTGSPNUIF
IFBMUITFDUPSXIJDIIBTJNQMJDBUJPOT
PODPNQMFUFOFTT
t 5IF TVSWFZ GPDVTFE PO OBUJPOBM
MFWFMEBUB5IJTNFBOUUIBUGPSUIF
DPVOUSJFTXIFSFSJTLGBDUPSMFHJTMBUJPO
JTFOBDUFEBUUIFTVCOBUJPOBMMFWFM
UIF EFUBJMT PO UIFTF WBSJBCMFT XFSF
OPUSFDPSEFE4JNJMBSMZXIJMFNBOZ
MBXT PO SPBE USBGGJDSFMBUFE SJTL
factors are enacted at national
MFWFM FOGPSDFNFOU BOE SFHVMBUPSZ
measures are often carried out at
the subnational or local level.
t 'JOBMMZEBUBDPMMFDUJPOJOUIJTQSPKFDU
JOWPMWFEUIFVTFPGTFMGBENJOJTUFSFE
RVFTUJPOOBJSFTXIJDIDBOJOUSPEVDF
a number of potential biases. In
BEEJUJPO B EFHSFF PG TVCKFDUJWJUZ
XBT JOUSPEVDFE BT SFTQPOEFOUT
XFSFBTLFEUPSBUFUIFJSperception
of enforcement of the legislation on
SJTLGBDUPSTJOUIFJSDPVOUSZ
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
Key messages and
recommendations
This survey covered the magnitude of road
USBGmDJOKVSJFTBTXFMMBTUIFFYJTUFODFPG
JOTUJUVUJPOTQPMJDJFTMFHJTMBUJPOBOEEBUB
DPMMFDUJPOTZTUFNTBOEQFSDFJWFEMFWFMT
of enforcement of legislation at a country
level. The main findings are summarized
BTGPMMPXT
t 3PBEUSBGmDGBUBMJUJFTSFNBJOBNBKPS
QVCMJD IFBMUI QSPCMFN XJUI UIF
IJHIFTU GBUBMJUZ SBUFT QFS QPQVMBUJPO JO NJEEMFJODPNF BOE
MPXJODPNF DPVOUSJFT 1FEFTUSJBOT
DZDMJTUT BOE VTFST PG NPUPSJ[FE
UXPPSUISFFXIFFMFSTiWVMOFSBCMF
SPBE VTFSTw
UPHFUIFS BDDPVOU GPS
approximately half of all road traffic
EFBUITBSPVOEUIFXPSME7VMOFSBCMF
SPBE VTFST BSF QBSUJDVMBSMZ BU SJTL
JO MPXJODPNF BOE NJEEMFJODPNF
countries in Asia.
t 8IJMFNBOZDPVOUSJFTIBWFBCBTJD
MFHJTMBUJWF GSBNFXPSL JO QMBDF GPS
SPBE TBGFUZ POMZ IBWF MBXT
SFMBUJOHUPBMMUIFmWFLFZSJTLGBDUPST
SFWJFXFE o TQFFE ESJOLoESJWJOH
IFMNFUT TFBUCFMUT BOE DIJME
SFTUSBJOUT 'VSUIFSNPSF UIFTF MBXT
BSFGSFRVFOUMZOPUDPNQSFIFOTJWFJO
their scope.
t &OGPSDFNFOUPGMBXTSFMBUJOHUPUIFTF
SJTLGBDUPSTGPSSPBEUSBGmDJOKVSJFTJT
perceived to be suboptimal in many
countries.
t *OTUJUVUJPOBM GSBNFXPSLT BSF
insufficiently developed or resourced
in many countries to be effective.
'PSJOTUBODFXIJMFPGDPVOUSJFT
report the existence of a national
SPBE TBGFUZ TUSBUFHZ POMZ POFUIJSE
of countries report government
endorsement of the strategy that has
both precise targets and sufficient
GVOEJOH GPS JUT JNQMFNFOUBUJPO o
CPUIPGXIJDIBSFJNQPSUBOUGPSUIF
success of a strategy.
t 5IFSF BSF TFWFSBM MJNJUBUJPOT JO UIF
data that countries collect and report
POSPBEUSBGmDJOKVSJFT6OEFSSFQPSUJOH
PG SPBE USBGGJD EFBUIT o B DSVDJBM
indicator in terms of assessing
NBHOJUVEFoJTBNBKPSQSPCMFNJO
NBOZ DPVOUSJFT *O BEEJUJPO POMZ
PG BMM DPVOUSJFT JOEJDBUFE UIBU
UIFZIBEEBUBPOGBUBMBOEOPOGBUBM
SPBEUSBGmDJOKVSJFTFTUJNBUFTPGUIF
DPTUUPUIFJSFDPOPNZBOEEBUBPO
monitoring and evaluation indicators
TVDIBTSBUFTPGIFMNFUVTFBOETFBU
CFMUXFBSJOH
5IFSFTVMUTQSFTFOUFETVHHFTUUIBUXIJMF
NPTUDPVOUSJFTIBWFUBLFOTUFQTUPXBSET
BEESFTTJOHSPBETBGFUZBEEJUJPOBMFGGPSUT
BSFOFFEFE
(PWFSONFOUT OFFE UP UBLF JOUP
consideration the needs of all road
VTFSTXIFONBLJOHQPMJDZEFDJTJPOT
that impact on road safety. To
EBUFUIFOFFETPGWVMOFSBCMFSPBE
users have been neglected in many
countries and should be given
SFOFXFEFNQIBTJTQBSUJDVMBSMZXIFO
decisions are made about road
EFTJHOBOEJOGSBTUSVDUVSFMBOEVTF
planning and transport services.
FGGPSUT NVTU CF XFMMQVCMJDJ[FE
TVTUBJOFEBOEJNQMFNFOUFEUISPVHI
the use of appropriate measures and
penalties for infringement.
4. Countries need to encourage
collaboration among different sectors
involved in collecting and reporting
road traffic injury data. This involves
JNQSPWJOH EBUB MJOLBHFT CFUXFFO
QPMJDFUSBOTQPSUBOEIFBMUITFSWJDFT
IBSNPOJ[BUJPOPGDBTFEFmOJUJPOTBT
XFMMBTJODSFBTJOHIVNBODBQBDJUZUP
VOEFSUBLFEBUBDPMMFDUJPO
(PWFSONFOUTOFFEUPFOTVSFUIBUUIF
institutions that have been nominated
BT SFTQPOTJCMF GPS UBLJOH BDUJPO
on road safety have the necessary
human and financial resources to act
effectively. The evidence suggests that
the development and endorsement
PG B OBUJPOBM TUSBUFHZ XJUI SFBMJTUJD
UBSHFUT BOE FBSNBSLFE GVOEJOH
for implementation are important
GBDUPST UPXBSET NFFUJOH MPOHUFSN
road safety goals.
The results of this survey can be used
as a tool to inform policy decisions in
DPOKVODUJPOXJUIPUIFSJOUFSOBUJPOBMBOE
OBUJPOBMTUVEJFTBOEQSPHSBNNFToGPS
(PWFSONFOUT OFFE UP FOBDU FYBNQMF UIF 6OJUFE /BUJPOT 3FHJPOBM
DPNQSFIFOTJWF MBXT UP QSPUFDU BMM $PNNJTTJPOT QSPKFDU PO TFUUJOH SPBE
road users by setting speed limits USBGGJD DBTVBMUZ SFEVDUJPO UBSHFUT PS
that are appropriate to the type and alongside implementation and evaluation
GVODUJPO PG UIF SPBE TUJQVMBUJOH of the good practice manuals developed
blood alcohol concentration limits UISPVHIUIF6OJUFE/BUJPOT3PBE4BGFUZ
UIBUIFMQSFEVDFESJOLoESJWJOHBOE Collaboration. The results can also be
SFRVJSJOH UIF VTF PG BQQSPQSJBUF used to leverage political support and
QSPUFDUJPO NFBTVSFT &YJTUJOH resources for safer road transportation for
MFHJTMBUJPOTIPVMECFSFWJFXFEBOE BMMSPBEVTFSTJODMVEJOHJOJOUFSOBUJPOBM
BNFOEFE UP DPOGPSN XJUI HPPE GPSVNT0OFLFZNJMFTUPOFJOJOUFSOBUJPOBM
practices that are based on sound SPBETBGFUZFWFOUTXJMMCFUIF'JSTU(MPCBM
.JOJTUFSJBM$POGFSFODFPO3PBE4BGFUZUP
evidence of effectiveness.
CFIFMEJO.PTDPXJO/PWFNCFS
&OGPSDFNFOUPGBMMSPBETBGFUZMBXT %VSJOH UIF $POGFSFODF EFMFHBUFT BSF
OFFETUPCFJNQSPWFE&OGPSDFNFOU MJLFMZ UP DBMM GPS B Decade of Action
on Road Safety 4IPVME UIJT QSPQPTBM EPPDDVSBOEDPVOUSJFTIBWFUBLFONBOZ
CF FOEPSTFE CZ NFNCFS DPVOUSJFT TUFQTUPXBSETQVUUJOHJOQMBDFFWJEFODF
such a decade could be an important CBTFE JOUFSWFOUJPOT UP NBLF SPBET
opportunity to further catalyse action. TBGFS "U UIF JOUFSOBUJPOBM MFWFM IJHI
The results of this Global status report level commitment has been evidenced
and the gaps it has identified should by various international resolutions and
TFSWFBTLFZFMFNFOUTJOUIFEJTDVTTJPOT DPMMBCPSBUJWFQSPKFDUT5IJTTVSWFZTIPXT
during the Ministerial Conference on IPXFWFS UIBU NVDI NPSF SFNBJOT UP
3PBE4BGFUZBTXFMMBTGPSQMBOOJOHUIF CF EPOF /P DPVOUSZ DBO BGGPSE UP TJU
activities envisaged in the context of the CBDL BOE BTTVNF UIBU JUT SPBE TBGFUZ
XPSLJTDPNQMFUFBOEUIFJOUFSOBUJPOBM
Decade of Action.
community must continue to recognize
An increasing body of research road traffic injuries as an important health
EFNPOTUSBUFTXBZTUPQSFWFOUDSBTIFTPS and development issue and intensify
UPSFEVDFUIFTFWFSJUZPGJOKVSJFTXIFOUIFZ support for their prevention.
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
References
1. The Global Burden of Disease: 2004 update(FOFWB8PSME)FBMUI0SHBOJ[BUJPOIUUQXXXXIP
JOUIFBMUIJOGPHMPCBM@CVSEFO@EJTFBTF(#%@SFQPSU@VQEBUF@"OOFY"QEGBDDFTTFE"QSJM
2. World health statistics 2008 (FOFWB 8PSME )FBMUI 0SHBOJ[BUJPO IUUQXXXXIPJOUXIPTJT
XIPTUBUFOJOEFYIUNBDDFTTFE"QSJM
.VSSBZ$+-FUBMThe Global Burden of Disease 2000 project: aims, methods and data sources(1&%JTDVTTJPO
1BQFS/P
(FOFWB8PSME)FBMUI0SHBOJ[BUJPO
1FEFO.FUBMFETWorld report on road traffic injury prevention(FOFWB8PSME )FBMUI0SHBOJ[BUJPO
IUUQXXXXIPJOUWJPMFODF@JOKVSZ@QSFWFOUJPOQVCMJDBUJPOTSPBE@USBGmDXPSME@SFQPSUFOJOEFYIUNM
BDDFTTFE"QSJM
&TJZPL#FUBMRoad traffic accidents and disability: A cross-section study from Turkey. Disability and Rehabilitation
o
(VSVSBK(Road traffic injury prevention in India#BOHBMPSF/BUJPOBM*OTUJUVUFPG.FOUBM)FBMUIBOE/FVSP
4DJFODFT1VCMJDBUJPO/P
IUUQXXXOJNIBOTLBSOJDJOFQJEFNJPMPHZEPDFQ@GUQEGBDDFTTFE
"QSJM
+BDPCT(5IPNBT"""TUSPQ"Estimating global road fatalities$SPXUIPSOF5SBOTQPSU3FTFBSDI-BCPSBUPSZ
53-3FQPSU
IUUQXXXUSBOTQPSUMJOLTPSHUSBOTQPSU@MJOLTmMFBSFBQVCMJDBUJPOT@@53-
QEGBDDFTTFE"QSJM
3FBEJOH3"SFBTPDJPFDPOPNJDTUBUVTBOEDIJMEIPPEJOKVSZNPSCJEJUZJO/FX4PVUI8BMFT"VTUSBMJBChild
Care Health and Development
"FSPO5IPNBT"FUBMThe involvement and impact of road crashes on the poor: Bangladesh and India case
studiesQSPKFDU113
$SPXUIPSOF6OJUFE,JOHEPN5SBOTQPSU3FTFBSDI-BCPSBUPSZIUUQXXX
HSTQSPBETBGFUZPSHUIFNFTEFGBVMUQEGT5IF1PPS@mOBMmOBMSFQPSUQEGBDDFTTFE"QSJM
Guidelines for estimating the cost of road crashes in developing countriesQSPKFDU3
-POEPO5SBOTQPSU
3FTFBSDI -BCPSBUPSZ %FQBSUNFOU GPS *OUFSOBUJPOBM %FWFMPQNFOU IUUQXXXUSBOTQPSUMJOLTPSH
USBOTQPSU@MJOLTmMFBSFBQVCMJDBUJPOT@@31%'BDDFTTFE"QSJM
0EFSP8FUBM3PBEUSBGmDJOKVSJFTJO,FOZBNBHOJUVEFDBVTFTBOETUBUVTPGJOUFSWFOUJPOInjury Prevention
and Safety Controlo
(VSVSBK(3PBEUSBGmDEFBUITJOKVSJFTBOEEJTBCJMJUJFTJO*OEJBDVSSFOUTDFOBSJPThe National Medical Journal
of Indiao
/FXUPO+Road safety – Partnership program. Shared responsibility8FTUFSO"VTUSBMJB0GmDFPG3PBE4BGFUZ
IUUQXXXPGmDFPGSPBETBGFUZXBHPWBVEPDVNFOUT+BNFT/FXUPO3PBE4BGFUZ1BSUOFSTIJQ1SPHSBNQEG
BDDFTTFE"QSJM
1BVMP[[J-+FUBM&DPOPNJDEFWFMPQNFOUTFGGFDUPOSPBEUSBOTQPSUSFMBUFENPSUBMJUZBNPOHEJGGFSFOUSPBE
VTFSTBDSPTTTFDUJPOBMJOUFSOBUJPOBMTUVEZAccident Analysis & Preventiono
,PQQJUT&$SPQQFS.5SBGmDGBUBMJUJFTBOEFDPOPNJDHSPXUIAccident Analysis & Preventiono
178.
4XFEJTI(PWFSONFOU)FBMUIBOE8FMGBSF4UBUJTUJDBM%BUBCBTFIUUQFQDGTJOEFY
BTQ LPEFOHFMTLBBDDFTTFE"QSJM
7BTDPODFMMPT&"Urban transport, environment and equity: The case for developing countries-POEPO&BSUITDBO
1VCMJDBUJPOT
,IBZFTJ.-JWBCMFTUSFFUTGPSQFEFTUSJBOTJO/BJSPCJUIFDIBMMFOHFPGSPBEUSBGmDBDDJEFOUTWorld Policy and
Practiceo
0EFSP83PBEUSBGmDBDDJEFOUTJO,FOZBBOFQJEFNJPMPHJDBMBQQSBJTBMEast African Medical Journal
o
41
%IBSNBSBUOF 4% 4UFWFOTPO . 1VCMJD SPBE USBOTQPSU DSBTIFT JO B MPX JODPNF DPVOUSZ Injury Prevention
o
1FÁBMPTB&5IFQPMJUJDTPGIBQQJOFTTPlanners Tabloid"VHVTUo4FQUFNCFSIUUQXXXTBDUPBQB
PSHOFXTMUSOFXTQEGBDDFTTFE"QSJM
5JXBSJ(4FMGPSHBOJ[JOHTZTUFNTBOEJOOPWBUJPOJO"TJBO$JUJFT*O+POTPO(5FOTUSPN&FETUrban transport
development: a complex issue#FSMJOBOE)FJEFMCFSH4QSJOHFS7FSMBHo
.PCFSFPMB % 4USFOHUIFOJOH VSCBO USBOTQPSU JOTUJUVUJPOT B DBTF TUVEZ PG -BHPT TUBUF Sub-Saharan Africa
Transport Policy Program%JTDVTTJPO1BQFS/P
IUUQXXXXPSMECBOLPSHBGSTTBUQ3FTPVSDFT
44"51%JTDVTTJPO1BQFSTEQQEGBDDFTTFE"QSJM
4VC4BIBSBO"GSJDB5SBOTQPSU1SPHSBN1PMJDZ44"51
%FWFMPQJOHOFXGSPOUJFSTUPJNQSPWFVSCBONPCJMJUZ
SSATP Newsletter no 6+BOVBSZIUUQHPXPSMECBOLPSH).$&2)BDDFTTFE"QSJM
/JMTTPO(Traffic safety dimension and the power model to describe the effect on speed safety-VOE-VOE
*OTUJUVUFPG5FDIOPMPHZ
'JODI %+ FU BM Speed, speed limits and accidents 1SPKFDU 3FQPSU $SPXUIPSOF 5SBOTQPSU 3FTFBSDI
-BCPSBUPSZ
27. Transport Research Centre. Speed management report1BSJT0&$%1VCMJTIJOH
1BTBOFO&Ajonopeudet ja jalankulkijan turvallisuus [Driving speeds and pedestrian safety]&TQPP5FLOJMMJOFO
LPSLFBLPVMV-VJLFOOFUFLOJJLLB
(SVOEZ$FUBMThe effect of 20 mph traffic speed zones on road casualties in London, 1986–2006-POEPO
-POEPO4DIPPMPG)ZHJFOFBOE5SPQJDBM.FEJDJOFJOQSFTT
$PNQUPO31FUBM$SBTISJTLPGBMDPIPMJNQBJSFEESJWJOH*O.BZIFX%3%VTTBVMU$FETProceedings of the
16th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety, Montreal, 4–9 August 2002.POUSFBM
4PDJ¹U¹EFMBTTVSBODFBVUPNPCJMFEV2V¹CFDoIUUQXXXTBBRHPVWRDDBUBDUFTQEG
B
QEGBDDFTTFE"QSJM
.PTLPXJU[)FUBM.FUIPEPMPHJDBMJTTVFTJOFQJEFNJPMPHJDBMTUVEJFTPGBMDPIPMDSBTISJTL*O.BZIFX%3
%VTTBVMU $ FET Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety,
Montreal, 4–9 August 2002.POUSFBM4PDJ¹U¹EFMBTTVSBODFBVUPNPCJMFEV2V¹CFDoIUUQ
XXXTBBRHPVWRDDBUBDUFTQEGB
QEGBDDFTTFE"QSJM
4IVMUT3FUBM3FWJFXPGFWJEFODFSFHBSEJOHJOUFSWFOUJPOTUPSFEVDFBMDPIPMJNQBJSFEESJWJOHAmerican Journal
of Preventive Medicineo
1FFL"TB$5IFFGGFDUPGSBOEPNBMDPIPMTDSFFOJOHJOSFEVDJOHNPUPSWFIJDMFDSBTIJOKVSJFTAmerican Journal
of Preventive Medicineo
&MEFS38FUBM&GGFDUJWFOFTTPGTPCSJFUZDIFDLQPJOUTGPSSFEVDJOHBMDPIPMJOWPMWFETraffic Injury Prevention
o
-JV#FUBM)FMNFUTGPSQSFWFOUJOHJOKVSZJONPUPSDZDMFSJEFSTThe Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
JTTVF
,SBVT+'1FFL$8JMMJBNT"$PNQMJBODFXJUIUIF$BMJGPSOJBNPUPSDZDMFIFMNFUVTFMBXAmerican
Journal of Public Healtho
4FSWBEFJ'FUBM&GGFDUPG*UBMZTNPUPSDZDMFIFMNFUMBXPOUSBVNBUJDCSBJOJOKVSJFTInjury Prevention
o
Helmets: a road safety manual for decision-makers and practitioners(FOFWB8PSME)FBMUI0SHBOJ[BUJPO
IUUQXXXXIPJOUWJPMFODF@JOKVSZ@QSFWFOUJPOQVCMJDBUJPOTSPBE@USBGmDIFMNFU@NBOVBMQEGBDDFTTFE
"QSJM
&MWJL37BB5The handbook of road safety measures"NTUFSEBN&MTFWJFS4DJFODF
Seat-belts and child restraints: increasing use and optimising performance#SVTTFMT&VSPQFBO5SBOTQPSU4BGFUZ
$PVODJM
42
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
41. Motor vehicle occupant protection facts 20068BTIJOHUPO%$/BUJPOBM)JHIXBZ5SBGmD4BGFUZ"ENJOJTUSBUJPO
IUUQXXXOIUTBHPWTUBUJDmMFT%05/)54"5SBGmD*OKVSZ$POUSPM"SUJDMFT"TTPDJBUFE
'JMFTQEGBDDFTTFEPO"QSJM
;IV.FUBM"TTPDJBUJPOPGSFBSTFBUTBGFUZCFMUVTFXJUIEFBUIJOBUSBGmDDSBTIBNBUDIFEDPIPSUTUVEZInjury
Preventiono
Seat-belts and child restraints: a road safety manual for decision-makers and practitioners -POEPO '*"
'PVOEBUJPOGPSUIF"VUPNPCJMFBOE4PDJFUZIUUQXXXXIPJOUSPBETBGFUZQSPKFDUTNBOVBMTTFBUCFMU
TFBUCFMUQEGBDDFTTFE"QSJM
;B[B4FUBM3FWJFXTPGFWJEFODFSFHBSEJOHJOUFSWFOUJPOTUPJODSFBTFVTFPGDIJMETBGFUZTFBUTAmerican Journal
of Preventive Medicineo
&DPOPNJD$PNNJTTJPOGPS&VSPQF*OUFSTFDSFUBSJBU8PSLJOH(SPVQPO5SBOTQPSU4UBUJTUJDTGlossary of transport
statisticsSEFE/FX:PSL/:6OJUFE/BUJPOT&DPOPNJDBOE4PDJBM$PVODJM53"/481
IUUQXXXVOFDFPSHUSBOTNBJOXQQEGEPDTHMPTTFOQEGBDDFTTFE"QSJM
%FSSJLT)..BL1.IRTAD special report. Underreporting of road traffic casualties5IF)BHVF/FUIFSMBOET
.JOJTUSZPG5SBOTQPSU1VCMJD8PSLTBOE8BUFS.BOBHFNFOUIUUQXXXXIPJOUSPBETBGFUZQVCMJDBUJPOT
JSUBE@VOEFSSFQPSUJOHQEGBDDFTTFE"QSJM
4NFFE 3+ 4PNF TUBUJTUJDBM BTQFDUT PG SPBE TBGFUZ SFTFBSDI Journal of the Royal Statistical Society o
+PJOU$PNNJUUFFPO*OKVSZ4DBMJOHThe Abbreviated Injury Scale: 1990 revision$IJDBHP*-"TTPDJBUJPOGPS
UIF"EWBODFNFOUPG"VUPNPUJWF.FEJDJOF
$PQFT84FUBM5IF*OKVSZ4FWFSJUZ4DPSFSFWJTJUFEThe Journal of Traumao
International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, tenth revision7PMVNF5BCVMBS
MJTU7PMVNF*OTUSVDUJPONBOVBM7PMVNF*OEFY(FOFWB8PSME)FBMUI0SHBOJ[BUJPO
)PMEFS:FUBMInjury surveillance guidelines(FOFWB8PSME)FBMUI0SHBOJ[BUJPO
Country profiles
&YQMBOBUPSZOPUFT
t#BDLHSPVOE
t.FUIPEPMPHJDBMWBSJBUJPOT
t5FSNJOPMPHZBOEJOUFSQSFUBUJPO
t1SFTFOUBUJPOPGEBUB
*OEJWJEVBMDPVOUSZQSPmMFTMJTUFEBMQIBCFUJDBMMZ
&YQMBOBUPSZOPUFT
Background
The country profiles in this section present a selection of information about road safety as reported by each of the
QBSUJDJQBUJOHDPVOUSJFTBSFBT"EEJUJPOBMOBUJPOBMEBUBDBOCFGPVOEJOUIF4UBUJTUJDBM"OOFY5BCMFT"o"
5IFDPVOUSZTVSWFZUPPMTNBZCFEPXOMPBEFEGSPNUIFGPMMPXJOHXFCTJUFXXXXIPJOUWJPMFODF@JOKVSZ@QSFWFOUJPO
SPBE@TBGFUZ@TUBUVT
Methodological variations
0OFIVOESFEBOETFWFOUZFJHIUDPVOUSJFTBSFBTQBSUJDJQBUFEJOUIFTVSWFZGPSUIFGlobal status report on road safety
TFF5BCMFPOQBHF
8IJMFNPTUDPVOUSJFTBSFBTGPMMPXFEUIFTUBOEBSEJ[FENFUIPEPMPHZTFFQBHFTo for
NPSFEFUBJMT
JOFJHIUPGUIFN"VTUSBMJB(FSNBOZ,B[BLITUBO1VFSUP3JDP4BJOU7JODFOUBOEUIF(SFOBEJOFT
4JOHBQPSF6LSBJOFBOE6[CFLJTUBO
UIFRVFTUJPOOBJSFXBTDPNQMFUFECZUIF/BUJPOBM%BUB$PPSEJOBUPS/%$
TFF5BCMF"JO4UBUJTUJDBM"OOFY
BOEOPDPOTFOTVTNFFUJOHXBTIFME*OBEEJUJPOJOBMMDPVOUSJFTBSFBTPGUIF
8)0&BTUFSO.FEJUFSSBOFBO3FHJPOUIFRVFTUJPOOBJSFXBTOPUTFMGBENJOJTUFSFECVUXBTDPNQMFUFEUISPVHI
GBDFUPGBDFJOUFSWJFXTCFUXFFOUIF/%$TBOEJOEJWJEVBMSFTQPOEFOUT$POTFOTVTNFFUJOHTXFSFIPXFWFSIFME
JOUIFTFDPVOUSJFTBSFBTJOBDDPSEBODFXJUIUIFQSPKFDUNFUIPEPMPHZ
%BUBBSFSFQPSUFEGPSQPQVMBUJPOJODPNFHSPVQBOEHSPTTOBUJPOBMJODPNFQFSDBQJUBGPSUIFMBUFTUZFBSBWBJMBCMF
TFFFYQMBOBUPSZOPUFTJOUIF4UBUJTUJDBM"OOFYGPSNPSFEFUBJMT
Terminology and interpretation
5IFGPMMPXJOHUFSNTBOEJTTVFTTIPVMECFDPOTJEFSFEXIFOSFWJFXJOHUIFJOEJWJEVBMDPVOUSZQSPmMFT
t 5IFRVFTUJPOOBJSFBTLFEGPSJOGPSNBUJPOPOBOVNCFSPGUPQJDTXJUIGPMMPXVQRVFTUJPOTFYQMPSJOHFBDIUPQJD
JOGVSUIFSEFUBJM'PSNBOZUPQJDTSFTQPOEFOUTXFSFBTLFEUPTLJQfollow-up questions depending on their
BOTXFSUPUIFUPQMFWFMRVFTUJPO$POTFRVFOUMZUIFDPVOUSZQSPmMFTEPOPUSFQPSUJOGPSNBUJPOGSPNGPMMPXVQ
RVFTUJPOTJGUIFTFTIPVMEIBWFCFFOTLJQQFE)PXFWFSJGUIFTFRVFTUJPOTXFSFBOTXFSFEUIFSFTQPOTFTBSF
SFDPSEFEJOUIF4UBUJTUJDBM"OOFY
t Road classificationsJOQBSUJDVMBSUIFEFmOJUJPOPGBOVSCBOSPBEBSVSBMSPBEBOEBIJHIXBZ
WBSZHSFBUMZ
GSPN DPVOUSZ UP DPVOUSZ 3FTQPOEFOUT XFSF BTLFE UP SFQPSU PO UIF TQFFE MJNJUT PG EJGGFSFOU LJOET PG SPBE
according to the definitions used in the country concerned.
t 3FTQPOEFOUTXFSFBTLFEBTJOEJWJEVBMTUPSBUFUIFeffectiveness of enforcement of various elements of
OBUJPOBMSPBETBGFUZMFHJTMBUJPOPOUIFCBTJTPGUIFJSQSPGFTTJPOBMPQJOJPOPSQFSDFQUJPO"TDBMFPGUP
XBTVTFEXIFSFXBTiOPUFGGFDUJWFwBOEXBTiIJHIMZFGGFDUJWFw5IFHSPVQPGSFTQPOEFOUTUIFOUSJFEUP
reach consensus on an enforcement score. These scores are therefore subjective and should be seen only
BTBOJOEJDBUJPOPGIPXFOGPSDFNFOUJTQFSDFJWFEJOUIFDPVOUSZ.BOZSFTQPOEFOUTFYQSFTTFEEJGmDVMUZJO
BTTFTTJOHMBXFOGPSDFNFOUBUBOBUJPOBMMFWFMTJODFJUPGUFOWBSJFTGSPNSFHJPOUPSFHJPOXJUIJOBDPVOUSZBOE
the intensity of the enforcement may vary at different times.
t Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limits refer to the maximum amount of alcohol that is legally acceptable
JOUIFCMPPEPGBESJWFSPOUIFSPBEoJFUIFCMPPEBMDPIPMMFWFMBCPWFXIJDIBESJWFSNBZCFQVOJTIFECZ
MBX'PSUIFQVSQPTFTPGUIJTSFQPSUUIF#"$MJNJUJODPVOUSJFTXIFSFBMDPIPMDPOTVNQUJPOJTQSPIJCJUFEIBT
CFFOSFDPSEFEBT[FSPXJUIBOFYQMBOBUPSZGPPUOPUF
47
t 8IFSFSFTQPOEFOUTQSPWJEFEFYQMBOBUPSZJOGPSNBUJPOPOrates of helmet wearing and/or seat-belt use
oGPSJOTUBODFBEFTDSJQUJPOPGUIFNFUIPEPMPHZPSHFPHSBQIJDBMDPWFSBHFoUIJTJOGPSNBUJPOJTSFQPSUFEJO
footnotes.
t "motorcycle helmet lawJTBTTFTTFEBTiBQQMJFTUPBMMSJEFSToZFTwJGUIFMBXSFRVJSFTESJWFSTBOEQBTTFOHFST
CPUIBEVMUTBOEDIJMESFO
UPXFBSBIFMNFU-BXTXJUIFYDFQUJPOTPOUIFHSPVOETPGSFMJHJPONFEJDBMDPOEJUJPOT
PSPUIFSSFBTPOTBSFJOEJDBUFEXJUIUIFGPPUOPUFiTPNFFYDFQUJPOTw
t 3FTQPOEFOUTXFSFBTLFEUPSFQPSUPOvehicle standardsSFRVJSFEGPSDBSNBOVGBDUVSFSTPSBTTFNCMFSTJO
UIFDPVOUSZ5IFSFGPSFOPJOGPSNBUJPOJTJODMVEFEPOWFIJDMFTUBOEBSETGPSDPVOUSJFTXIFSFNBOVGBDUVSFPS
BTTFNCMZEPOPUUBLFQMBDF4PNFDPVOUSJFTBQQMZTUSJOHFOUTUBOEBSETUPJNQPSUFEWFIJDMFTCVUEBUBPOTVDI
TUBOEBSETXFSFOPUDPMMFDUFEBTQBSUPGUIJTTVSWFZ
t 7BSJBCMFTIBWFCFFODPEFEi%BUBOPUBWBJMBCMFo
wJGUIFJOGPSNBUJPOXBTOPUQSPWJEFEUISPVHIUIFOBUJPOBM
data collection process.
Presentation of data
Country profiles contain dataPOSPBEUSBGmDGBUBMJUJFTBOEOPOGBUBMJOKVSJFTBTreportedCZDPVOUSJFTBSFBT
t %BUBGSPNEJGGFSFOUDPVOUSJFTBSFOPUOFDFTTBSJMZDPNQBSBCMFBTEJGGFSFOUEFmOJUJPOTBOEUJNFGSBNFTIBWF
been used.
t %VFUPTQBDFDPOTUSBJOUTJOGPPUOPUFTUIFEBUBTPVSDFIBTCFFOTVNNBSJ[FEBT1PMJDF5SBOTQPSUPS)FBMUI
JGUIFEBUBBSFGSPNUIF.JOJTUSZPG*OUFSJPS.JOJTUSZPG5SBOTQPSUPS.JOJTUSZPG)FBMUISFTQFDUJWFMZ
t 5IFQSPQPSUJPOPGEFBUITXIFSFUIFTFYJTVOLOPXOIBTOPUCFFOSFQPSUFEJOUIFQSPmMFT
In the charts presenting data on deaths by road user category QSPQPSUJPOT NBZ OPU TVN UP EVF UP
SPVOEJOH4PNFDPVOUSJFTDMBTTJGZSPBEUSBGmDGBUBMJUJFTBDDPSEJOHUPUIFWFIJDMFPSSPBEVTFSiBUGBVMUwSBUIFSUIBO
BDDPSEJOHUPXIPEJFEPSVTFDBUFHPSJFTEJGGFSFOUGSPNUIPTFSFRVFTUFEJOUIFRVFTUJPOOBJSF*OUIFTFDPVOUSJFT
EFBUITBNPOHWVMOFSBCMFSPBEVTFSTBSFFWFONPSFMJLFMZUPCFVOEFSSFQPSUFE
The standard colour coding of the pie charts VTFE UP SFQSFTFOU UIF SPBE VTFS DBUFHPSJFT SFRVFTUFE JO UIF
RVFTUJPOOBJSFJTTIPXOCFMPX"EEJUJPOBMDBUFHPSJFTBSFSFQSFTFOUFECZOPOTUBOEBSEDPMPVST
●%SJWFSTPGXIFFMFEWFIJDMFT
●1BTTFOHFSTPGXIFFMFEWFIJDMFT
●0DDVQBOUTESJWFSTQBTTFOHFST
XIFFMFEWFIJDMFT
●3JEFSTESJWFSTQBTTFOHFST
PGNPUPSJ[FEPSXIFFMFST
● Cyclists
● Pedestrians
●0UIFS
●6OTQFDJmFE
Trend graphsBSFTIPXOFJUIFSBTSPBEUSBGmDEFBUISBUFTQFSQPQVMBUJPOPOBHSFFOCBDLHSPVOE
PS
BTBOBCTPMVUFOVNCFSPGSPBEUSBGmDEFBUITPOBCMVFCBDLHSPVOE
EFQFOEJOHPOXIJDImHVSFTXFSFTVQQMJFE
CZUIFDPVOUSZ%VFUPTQBDFDPOTUSBJOUTBOBSCJUSBSZDVUPGGQPJOUPGXBTBQQMJFEUPUIFGFXDPVOUSJFTUIBU
provided many decades of trend data.
Where the primary source of informationGPSCPUIUIFQJFBOEUSFOEHSBQITXBTOPUTUJQVMBUFEUIFTPVSDFIBT
CFFOSFQPSUFEBTA$PVOUSZRVFTUJPOOBJSF
Information about the number of vehicles in the country includes only registered vehiclesBOEQSPQPSUJPOTPG
WBSJPVTUZQFTPGTVDIWFIJDMFT5IFTFQSPQPSUJPOTNBZOPUTVNUPEVFUPSPVOEJOH*OTPNFDPVOUSJFT
respondents noted that a substantial proportion of the vehicle fleet may not be registered.
48
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
AFGHANISTAN
Population: 27 145 275
Income group: Low
Gross national income per capita: $319
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Yes
Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
No
n/a
n/a
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
1 835c
3 212d
Costing study available
No
c
d
Police data, defined as died within 1 year of the crash.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
a
b
Yes
Yes
50 km/h
10
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes
0.0 g/dlb
0.0 g/dlb
Yes
—
V
TA
10
No
n/a
n/a
—
n/a
E
BL
A
AIL
O
AN
T
DA
No
n/a
—
n/a
No
n/a
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Alcohol consumption prohibited by law.
E
BL
O
AN
T
No car manufacturers
DA
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
V
TA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
A
AIL
Yes
Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No
n/a
49
731 607 total (2008)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
59%
12%
20%
1%
8%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Public Health.
ALBANIA
Population: 3 190 012
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $3 290
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Interministerial Committee of Road Safety
No
No
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
384d (77% males, 23% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
1 344e
Costing study available
No
d
e
Police data, defined as died at the crash scene.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
40 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
9
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.05 g/dl
Yes
5%b
8
Motorcycle helmet law
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Yes
Yes
30% Frontc
Enforcementa
b
c
Yes
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
8
12
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Source: 2006, Ministry of Transport
9
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, Internal Affairs Ministry (Directory of Road Police).
1996, Citizen Society of Road Safety, data from pilot cities.
10
8
6
4
2
0
Yes
No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (9%)
Cyclists (6%)
10
Child restraints law
a
Passengers
4-wheelers (22%)
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Drivers
4-wheelers (24%)
Pedestrians (40%)
Deaths per 100 000 population
Drink–driving law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs (Road Police Directory) and Ministry of Transport
(General Directory of Road Transport)
No
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
No
50
349 646 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
68%
7%
8%
12%
5%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
ANGOLA
Population: 17 024 084
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $2 560
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
1 814c
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries
Yesa
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
National Directorate of Road Traffic
Yes
—
Costing study available
No
Not formally endorsed by government.
c
Transport data, defined as died at the crash scene.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Drink–driving law
—
—
—
—
—
—
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementb
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementb
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
2 500
No
n/a
Enforcementb
2 000
1 500
1 000
500
0
Yes
Yes
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year
Source: National Directorate of Road Traffic
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
No
Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
T
DA
No
n/a
—
n/a
Child restraints law
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
V
TA
O
AN
A
AIL
5
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementb
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
E
BL
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Seat-belt law
b
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
5
Number of road traffic deaths
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementb
REGISTERED VEHICLES
No
n/a
671 060 total (2007)
Registered vehicle types: data not available
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
51
ARGENTINA
Population: 39 531 115
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $6 050
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
National Road Safety Agency
Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
4 063d (75% males, 25% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes
Yes
No
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
174 339e
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
d
e
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
40–60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.05 g/dl
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
13%b
Yes
Yes
48%b, c
No
n/a
4 500
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2005, Argentina National Risk Factor survey.
Front seats only.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
Yes
Yes
4 000
3 500
3 000
2 500
2 000
1 500
1 000
500
0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No
No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
1981
1986
1991
1996
2001
2006
Year
Source: The Health Statistics and Information Office, the Department of Policies,
Regulation, and Institutes at the National Ministry of Health, Argentina
No (subnational)
No
POST-CRASH CARE
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Number of road traffic deaths
Enforcementa
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
Source: Ministry of Health Argentina, 2006
3
Child restraints law
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Riders motorized
2-wheelers (10%)
Cyclists (6%)
Seat-belt law
b
c
Pedestrians (19%)
1
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Occupants 3- and
4-wheelers (42%)
Unspecified (23%)
3
Motorcycle helmet law
a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
3
Drink–driving law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Health data, defined as died at the scene of the crash. National Registry
of Transit Records (RENAT) reported 4 175 deaths in 2007.
Health data.
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes
No
12 399 887 total (2007)
Registered vehicle types: data not available
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
52
ARMENIA
Population: 3 002 271
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $2 640
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Road Police of the Police of the Republic of Armenia
Funded in national budget
Yes
Lead agency
No
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
371c (75% males, 25% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
2 720d
Costing study available
No
c
d
Police data, no specified time period.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
5
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.08 g/dl
Yes
6%b
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Pedestrians (39%)
Drivers
4-wheelers (34%)
5
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes
Yes
No
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Passengers
4-wheelers (26%)
Cyclists (<1%)
5
Source: 2007, Road Police of the Police of the Republic of Armenia
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Yes
Yes
—
3
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
b
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
5
600
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, Road Police of the Police of the Republic of Armenia.
Number of road traffic deaths
a
Yes
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes
Yes
500
400
300
200
100
0
1992
1994
1996
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
Year
No
No
Source: Road Police of the Police of the Republic of Armenia
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
366 836 total (2007)
Motorcars
Buses
Other
79%
7%
15%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
53
AUSTRALIA
a
a
Questionnaire completed by National Data Coordinator (no consensus meeting).
Population: 20 743 179
Income group: High
Gross national income per capita: $35 960
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
Department of Infrastructure, Transport,
Regional Development and Local Government
Yes
DATA
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
1 616i (73% males, 27% females)
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries
(2005–2006)
31 204j
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Costing study available
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementb
Drink–driving law
No (subnational)
0.05 g/dlc
0.0–0.02 g/dld
n/a
30%e
n/a
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementb
Motorcycle helmet law
No (subnational)
Yesf
Yesf
—
n/a
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementb
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementb
Enforcementb
c
d
e
f
g
h
Transport data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Health and Transport data, hospitalized cases only.
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Pedestrians (13%)
Cyclists (3%)
Passengers
4-wheelers (21%)
No (subnational)
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
No national limit, but all states and territories have a consistent BAC limit of 0.05 for general
population.
For young provisional drivers, all states and territories have a zero BAC requirement, with exception
of one territory with a BAC limit of 0.02 g/dl.
1999–2003, Transport data.
No national law, but all states and territories require motorcycle helmets for all riders and compliance
with a helmet standard.
No national law, but all states and territories require the use of seat-belts by all vehicle occupants.
2006, Transport data, national survey.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
No
Yes
Source: 2007, Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development
and Local Government: “Monthly Road Death Series”
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1970
1974
1978
1982
1986
1990
1994
1998
2002
2006
Year
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Drivers
4-wheelers (49%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(15%)
No (subnational)
Yesg
97% Front, 92% Rearh
n/a
Child restraints law
b
i
j
Deaths per 100 000 population
Seat-belt law
Yes (deaths and injuries)
No (subnationally)
n/a
n/a
n/a
Speed limits set nationally
Yes
Yes
Source: 2008, Department of Infrastructure, Transport,
Regional Development and Local Government
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Yes
Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
54
REGISTERED VEHICLES
14 774 921 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
78%
4%
15%
3%
<1%
Data cleared by the Department of Infrastructure, Transport,
Regional Development and Local Government.
AUSTRIA
Population: 8 360 746
Income group: High
Gross national income per capita: $42 700
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Austrian Road Safety Council
Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
691e (77% males, 23% females)
Yes
Yes
No
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
53 211f
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
e
f
Statistics Austria, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Statistics Austria.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
7
Drink–driving law
Motorcycle helmet law
Cyclists (5%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(17%)
Passengers
4-wheelers (14%)
Yes
Yes
89% Front, 49% Reard
Yes
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
No
Yes
2 500
Number of road traffic deaths
VEHICLE STANDARDS
2 000
1 500
1 000
500
0
1982
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
9
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, Statistics Austria.
Some exceptions.
2007, Austrian Road Safety Board survey.
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
Source: 2007, Ministry of Internal Affairs & Statistics Austria
7
Enforcementa
b
c
d
Pedestrians (16%)
9
Child restraints law
a
Drivers 4-wheelers
(45%)
Yes
Yesc
Yes
95%d
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Other (3%)
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.01 g/dl
Yes
8%b
9
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
No
Yes
1987
1992
1997
2002
2007
Year
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Statistics Austria
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Yes
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes
Yes
5 796 973 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Trucks
Buses
Other
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
73%
11%
14%
<1%
2%
Data cleared by the Federal Ministry of Health, Family and Youth.
55
AZERBAIJAN
Population: 8 467 167
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $2 550
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
State Road Police
Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
1 107c (78% males, 22% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
3 432d
Costing study available
No
c
d
Police data, defined as died within 7 days of the crash.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Child restraints law
Yes
Yes
60 km/h
9
Yes
0.0 g/dl
0.0 g/dl
Yes
3%b
9
Yes
Yes
No
—
b
Drivers
4-wheelers (28%)
Cyclists (1%)
Passengers
4-wheelers (31%)
Source: 2007, Head Department of State Road Police
Yes
Yes
—
9
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes
1 400
9
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, State Road Police.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
Pedestrians (38%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (1%)
9
Enforcementa
a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
No
No
Number of road traffic deaths
Speed limits set nationally
1 200
1 000
800
600
400
200
0
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Year
Yes
Yes
Source: Azerbaijan Republic. Trend Data on Road Traffic Accidents in 1998–2006
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
Yes
Yes
56
REGISTERED VEHICLES
784 018 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Non-motorized vehicles
Other
77%
<1%
2%
16%
4%
<1%
1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
BAHAMAS
Population: 331 278
Income group: High
Gross national income per capita: $18 570
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Road Traffic Department
Yes
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
50d (90% males, 10% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2005)
1 682e
Costing study available
No
d
e
Police data, defined as died within 1 year and 1 day.
Health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
48 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.08 g/dl
Yes
5%b
3
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes
Yes
Yes
10–15%c
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
3
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
b
c
Drivers 4-wheelers
(42%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(14%)
Passengers
4-wheelers (22%)
Source: Country questionnaire
0
Yes
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
0
100
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, from hospital reports.
Estimation by consensus group.
Number of road traffic deaths
a
Cyclists (22%)
Yes
Yes
—
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
5
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes
Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
60
40
20
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year
No
No
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
80
Source: Ministry of Health
REGISTERED VEHICLES
—
—
27 058 total (2007)
Registered vehicle types: data not available
Data cleared by the Ministry of Transport.
— Data not available.
57
BAHRAIN
Population: 752 648
Income group: High
Gross national income per capita: $20 610
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
General Directorate of Traffic
Yes
Multiple
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
91e (91% males, 9% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
3 415f
Costing study available
Yes (deaths only)
e
f
Police data, defined as any death caused directly by road traffic injury,
regardless of time period.
General Directorate of Traffic data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
4
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Yes
0.0 g/dlb
0.0 g/dlb
No
8%c
Yes
Yes
No
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
5
Seat-belt law
4
Enforcementa
b
c
d
Pedestrians (29%)
Cyclists (7%)
Passengers
4-wheelers (20%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (5%)
Source: 2007, General Directorate of Traffic
Yes
No
22%d
Child restraints law
a
Drivers 4-wheelers
(39%)
4
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Alcohol consumption prohibited by law.
2007, General Directorate of Traffic.
2008, Ministry of Works.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1998
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
14
Deaths per 100 000 population
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Yes
Yes
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year
Source: 2007, General Directorate of Traffic
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes
Yes
382 977 total (2008)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
81%
1%
13%
<1%
2%
3%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
58
BANGLADESH
Population: 158 664 959
Income group: Low
Gross national income per capita: $470
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
3 160c (89% males, 11% females)
National Road Safety Council
No
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2003)
Yes
Yes
No
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
403 000d
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
c
d
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Yes
No
25 km/h
Police data, defined as died at the crash scene. Respondents concerned
this figure greatly underestimates the true number of deaths, citing
example of Bangladesh Health and Injury Survey 2003, which estimated the
annual number of deaths to be 13 200.
2003, Bangladesh Health and Injury Survey.
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Other (9%)
0
Drink–driving law
Passengers 4-wheelers (22%)
Yes
Noneb
Noneb
No
—
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
1
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (8%)
Cyclists (3%)
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Drivers 4-wheelers (4%)
Yes
Yes
No
—
Pedestrians (54%)
3
Seat-belt law
No
n/a
—
n/a
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Source: “National Road Traffic Accident Report 2006”, Bangladesh Road Transport Authority
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Child restraints law
No
n/a
a
b
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Alcohol consumption prohibited by law.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
4000
Number of road traffic deaths
Enforcementa
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
No
No
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
Year
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
Source: “National Road Safety Action Plan 2008–2010,” National Road Safety Council
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No
n/a
59
1 054 057 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
15%
62%
10%
6%
3%
4%
Data cleared by the Directorate General of Health Service.
BARBADOS
Population: 293 891
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $11 290
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
No
n/a
Funded in national budget
Multiple
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
38c (62% males, 37% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
2 372d
Costing study available
No
c
d
Police data, defined as died within 1 year of the crash.
Actual data collected by Royal Barbados Police Force.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
2
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
a
b
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
5
Yes
Noneb
Noneb
Yes
—
Pedestrians (18%)
Drivers 4-wheelers
(24%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(8%)
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Passengers
4-wheelers (50%)
8
Yes
Yes
—
Source: 2007, Royal Barbados Police Force
8
Yes
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
7
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Drink–driving not defined by BAC limit.
LE
AB
VEHICLE STANDARDS
OT
N
TA
No car manufacturers
A
DA
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
IL
VA
No
No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
126 262 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
82%
2%
8%
4%
<1%
4%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health, National Insurance and Social Security.
60
BELARUS
Population: 9 688 795
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $4 220
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Standing Committee by Council of Ministers of
Republic of Belarus, Ensuring Road Safety
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
1 517c (74% males, 26% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
7 991d
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
c
d
Ministry of Home Affairs, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Ministry of Home Affairs data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
6
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.05 g/dl
Yes
13%b
7
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Cyclists (9%)
Yes
Source: 2007, Ministry of Home Affairs
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
6
25
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, Ministry of Home Affairs.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
Yes
Yes
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
20
15
10
5
0
1989
Yes
Yes
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
Year
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Belarus
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (4%)
7
Child restraints law
b
Passengers
4-wheelers
(23%)
Yes
Yes
—
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
a
Drivers
4-wheelers (24%)
Pedestrians (40%)
9
Seat-belt law
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Deaths per 100 000 population
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Yes
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
Yes
Yes
3 147 625 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Trucks
Buses
74%
12%
12%
1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
61
BELGIUM
Population: 10 457 343
Income group: High
Gross national income per capita: $40 710
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Interministerial Committee for Road Safety
Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
1 067d (80% males, 20% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
65 850e
Costing study available
No
d
e
Statistics Belgium, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Statistics Belgium estimate.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.05 g/dl
Yes
—
3
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes
Yesb
Yes
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
8
Occupants
4-wheelers (56%)
Pedestrians (10%)
Cyclists (8%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (15%)
Source: 2007, Statistics Belgium
3
Enforcementa
b
c
Other (5%)
Yes
Yes
79% Front, 46% Rearc
Child restraints law
a
Unspecified (6%)
Yes
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
6
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Some exceptions.
Belgian Road Safety Institute: 2007 observational study (front seats), 2006 self-report survey (rear
seats).
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
Yes
Yes
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
35
Deaths per 100 000 population
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
5
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1971
No
No
1976
1981
1986
1991
1996
2001
2006
Year
Source: Country questionnaire
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Yes
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes
Yes
6 362 161 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Buses
Trucks
Other
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
62
79%
6%
<1%%
10%
4%
Data cleared by the General Directorate for Mobility and Road Safety.
BELIZE
Population: 287 699
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $3 800
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
National Road Safety Committee
No
Yes
Yes
No
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
68c (75% males, 25% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
652d
Costing study available
No
c
d
Health data, defined as died within 1 year of the crash. Police data
reported 47 deaths in 2006.
Belize Institute of Statistics.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
40 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
1
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.08 g/dl
Yes
—
3
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Yes
No
—
No
n/a
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes
Yes
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2001
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year
No
No
POST-CRASH CARE
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Number of road traffic deaths
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Some exceptions.
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
Source: Belize Institute of Statistics
4
Enforcementa
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Passengers (51%)
3
Child restraints law
b
Drivers (13%)
Yes
Yesb
Yes
—
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Pedestrians (23%)
Cyclists (13%)
Motorcycle helmet law
a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Source: Ministry of Health, Epidemiology Unit
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes
Yes
63
54 225 total (2007)
Registered vehicle types: data not available
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
BENIN
Population: 9 032 787
Income group: Low
Gross national income per capita: $570
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
National Centre for Road Safety
Yes
Multiple
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
605b
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
3 251c
Costing study available
No
b
c
Transport data, defined as died within 7 days of the crash.
Transport data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
2
Yes
None
None
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
No
—
Cyclists (3%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(37%)
1
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Source: 2007, Centre National de Sécurité Routière
No (subnational)
n/a
—
n/a
Child restraints law
No
n/a
Enforcementa
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
800
Number of road traffic deaths
Seat-belt law
a
Passengers
4-wheelers
(24%)
5
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Drivers 4-wheelers
(11%)
Pedestrians (25%)
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
1991
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No
No
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
Year
Source: National Road Safety Centre Database
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
1993
No
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No
n/a
64
222 850 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
67%
7%
11%
5%
<1%
10%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
BHUTAN
Population: 658 479
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $1 770
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Road Safety and Transport Authority
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006 – 2007)
111c (93% males, 7% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic
injuries (2006 – 2007)
724d
Costing study available
No
c
d
Police data for 12-month time period, defined as died within 30 days of
the crash.
Police data for 12-month time period.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Yes
No
30 km/h
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.08 g/dl
No
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
A
AIL
V
TA
O
AN
T
DA
9
Seat-belt law
Yes
Yes
—
4
Child restraints law
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No
n/a
Enforcementa
a
E
BL
3
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
3
E
BL
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
V
TA
O
AN
A
AIL
T
DA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No
No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
b
No
Yesb
For free ambulance transport to hospital.
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
65
35 703 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
55%
21%
2%
13%
<1%
9%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
BOLIVIA
(Plurinational State of)
Population: 9 524 568
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $1 260
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Inter-institutional Road Safety Council
No
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
1 073d
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes
Yes
No
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
13 481e
Costing study available
No
d
e
National Police data, defined as died at the crash scene.
National Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
40 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Drivers 4-wheelers (10%)
Yes
Noneb
Noneb
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
No
—
No consensusc
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
b
c
Pedestrians (35%)
4
Seat-belt law
a
Other (1%)
3
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Drink–driving not defined by BAC limit.
No consensus, but group agreed that enforcement is lax.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
Source: 2007, National Police data
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
1 600
1 400
1 200
1 000
800
600
400
200
0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (4%)
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
No
n/a
Passengers
4-wheelers (49%)
Cyclists (1%)
Number of road traffic deaths
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
2000
No
No
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year
Source: National Police, National Statistics Institute
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes
Yes
699 646 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Non-motorized vehicles
Other
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
25%
5%
56%
11%
1%
—
2%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and Sports and the Bolivian National Police.
66
BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
Population: 3 934 816
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $3 790
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Ministry of Communication and Transport
of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Yes
Yesa
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
a
Formally approved in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina only (not in the Republic of Srpska).
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
428e
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
11 647f
Costing study available
No
e
f
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementb
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes
Yes
No
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementb
Pedestrians (24%)
Passengers
4-wheelers (23%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (5%)
Yes
Yes
—
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementb
Drivers 4-wheelers
(38%)
Cyclists (6%)
6
Seat-belt law
Source: 2007, Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Srpska. Data for Republic of Srpska only
7
Child restraints law
c
Other (5%)
Yes
0.03 g/dl
0.0 g/dl
Yes
7%c
6
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementb
b
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
6
Drink–driving law
Enforcementb
Institute for Statistics of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
(defined as died at the crash scene), and Ministry of Internal Affairs of
the Republic of Srpska (defined as died within 30 days of the crash).
Data from multiple sources.
Yes
5
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Srpska (data for Republic of Srpska only).
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
Yes
Yes
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
LE
AB
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards ond
OT
N
TA
IL
VA
A
DA
Yes
Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
d
No
No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Data for the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina only.
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
Yes
Yes
67
675 063 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Trucks
Buses
Other
85%
1%
9%
1%
5%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Civil Affairs.
BOTSWANA
Population: 1 881 504
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $5 840
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
Funded in national budget
Department of Road Transport and Safety
Yes
497d (72% males, 28% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Multiple
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
7 142e
Costing study available
No
d
e
Transport data, defined as died within 1 year of the crash.
Transport data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
8
Drink–driving law
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No
n/a
Enforcement
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, National Road Traffic Crash Database, based on occasional, non-comprehensive surveys.
2007, National Road Traffic Crash Database, rate among drivers and rear-seat passengers involved in a
crash.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
35
Deaths per 100 000 population
a
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
1982
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes
Yes
1987
1992
1997
2002
2007
Year
Source: National Road Traffic Crash Database
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
No
No (subnational)
POST-CRASH CARE
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Passengers
4-wheelers (48%)
Source: 2007, National Road Traffic Crash Database
7
Child restraints law
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(1%)
Yes
No
75%c
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Cyclists (2%)
9
Seat-belt law
b
c
Drivers 4-wheelers
(23%)
Pedestrians (26%)
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.08 g/dl
Yes
1%b
7
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
293 755 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
39%
1%
44%
5%
<1%
10%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
68
BRAZIL
Population: 191 790 929
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $5 910
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
National Traffic Department (DENATRAN)
Yes
Multiple
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
35 155c (82% males, 18% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
407 685d
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
c
d
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
60–80 km/h
6
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.02 g/dl
0.02 g/dl
Yes
—
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Yes
Yes
Yes
88% Front, 11% Rear
7
Passengers 4-wheelers (5%)
Other (37%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(20%)
6
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
Cyclists (5%)
Pedestrians (28%)
Yes
Yes
60%b
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
b
Drivers 4-wheelers (5%)
6
Seat-belt law
a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Source: 2006, Ministry of Health Mortality Information System
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes
4
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Data from Society of Orthopedics and Traumatology.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
No
No
25
20
15
10
5
0
1981
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
30
Deaths per 100 000 population
Motorcycle helmet law
Health data (Mortality Information System), defined as died anytime after
the crash.
State Traffic Departments, National Traffic Department, Ministry of Cities
data.
No
No
1986
1991
1996
2001
2006
Year
Source: Ministry of Health Mortality Information System
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Yes
Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
69
REGISTERED VEHICLES
49 644 025 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Non-motorized vehicles
Other
61%
22%
<1%
10%
4%
1%
2%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
BRITISH VIRGIN
ISLANDS
a
a
Non WHO member-area.
Population: 23 000
Income group: High
Gross national income per capita: $43 686
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
No
n/a
Funded in national budget
No (subnational)
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
6d (67% males, 33% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
132e
Costing study available
No
d
e
Police data, defined as died within 1 year and 1 day of the crash.
Police records.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
32 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementb
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.08 g/dl
Yes
4%c
—
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementb
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes
Yes
80%c
Source: 2007, Police department
7
Child restraints law
c
Passengers
4-wheelers (50%)
3
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementb
b
Drivers 4-wheelers
(33%)
Yes
—
No
—
Seat-belt law
Enforcementb
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (17%)
Yes
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
5
8
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, Police observational data.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
Yes
Yes
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Number of road traffic deaths
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementb
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
6
6
4
2
0
—
—
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Year
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Source: Royal Virgin Islands Police Force
No
No
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes
Yes
70
14 505 total (2007)
Registered vehicle types: data not available
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and Social Development.
BRUNEI
DARUSSALAM
Population: 390 056
Income group: High
Gross national income per capita: $30 580
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Brunei Darussalam Road Safety Council
—
Multiple
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
54c (80% males, 20% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
556d
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
c
d
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes
No
80 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Yes
Yes
Yes
98%b
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
7
Child restraints law
Source: Department of Investigations and Traffic Control, Royal Brunei Police Force
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
60
Number of road traffic deaths
4
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, Police data.
50
40
30
20
10
0
No
No
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year
Source: Department of Investigations and Traffic Control, Royal Brunei Police Force
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
No
—
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes
Yes
304 432 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Non-motorized vehicles
Other
POST-CRASH CARE
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Passengers
4-wheelers (30%)
Yes
No
70% Frontb
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(11%)
9
Seat-belt law
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Drivers 4-wheelers
(46%)
Cyclists (2%)
6
Motorcycle helmet law
b
Pedestrians (9%)
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.08 g/dl
Yes
3.7%b
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
a
Other (2%)
7
Drink–driving law
Enforcementa
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Police data.
83%
4%
4%
1%
<1%
<1%
7%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Communications.
71
BULGARIA
Population: 7 638 831
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $4 590
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
State-Public Consultative Commission
on the Problems of Road Safety
Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
1 006c (73% males, 27% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
9 827d
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Costing study available
No
c
d
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Pedestrians (26%)
Cyclists (4%)
Yes
Yes
—
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Source: 2007, Traffic Police Department, Ministry of Interior
8
Child restraints law
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes
1 800
Number of road traffic deaths
4
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, Traffic Police Department, Ministry of Interior.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
1 600
1 400
1 200
1 000
800
600
400
200
0
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes
Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Occupants
4-wheelers (65%)
7
Seat-belt law
b
Other (2%)
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.05 g/dl
Yes
5%b
7
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
a
Unspecified (2%)
6
Drink–driving law
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes
Yes
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
1972
1977
1982
1987
1992
1997
2002
2007
Year
Source: Traffic Police Department, Ministry of Interior
No (subnational)
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
Yes
Yes
72
2 628 680 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Trucks
Buses
Other
75%
3%
10%
1%
10%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
BURKINA FASO
Population: 14 784 291
Income group: Low
Gross national income per capita: $430
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
National Office of Road Safety
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
619c (84% males, 16% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
7 359d
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
c
d
Police and Health data, defined as died at the crash scene.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
3
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
1
Other (13%)
Yes
Noneb
Noneb
—
—
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Pedestrians (34%)
Source: Gendarmerie Nationale
No
n/a
—
n/a
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Child restraints law
No
n/a
Enforcementa
b
Occupants
4-wheelers
(53%)
1
Seat-belt law
a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Drink–driving not defined by BAC limit.
E
BL
O
AN
T
No car manufacturers
DA
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
V
TA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
A
AIL
Yes
Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
73
515 453 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Other
30%
31%
18%
9%
12%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
BURUNDI
Population: 8 508 232
Income group: Low
Gross national income per capita: $110
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
No
n/a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
No
n/a
n/a
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
65d
2 718e
Costing study available
No
d
e
Health data, defined as died anytime after the crash.
Health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.1 g/dl
0.1 g/dl
Yes
70%b
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
1
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes
Yes
No
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
c
V
TA
O
AN
T
DA
No (subnational)
n/a
95% Front, 0% Rearc
Enforcementa
b
E
BL
A
AIL
5
Child restraints law
a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
5
8
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2005, Police Spéciale de Roulage et de la Sécurité Routière.
Source and methodology not specified.
LE
AB
OT
N
TA
IL
VA
A
DA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes
No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No
n/a
59 486 total (1998 – June 2008)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Non-motorized vehicles
26%
19%
31%
5%
19%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Public Health and AIDS Control.
74
CAMBODIA
Population: 14 443 679
Income group: Low
Gross national income per capita: $540
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yesa
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
1 545f (79% males, 20% females)
National Road Safety Committee
Yes
25 858g
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
Not formally endorsed by government.
f
g
Data from multiple sectors, defined as died within 7 days of the crash.
Data from multiple sectors.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Speed limits set nationally
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.05 g/dl
n/ac
—
n/ac
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementb
Motorcycle helmet law
Passengers
4-wheelers (11%)
Pedestrians (13%)
Cyclists (5%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(63%)
2
Seat-belt law
Yes
No
0%e
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementb
Source: 2007, Road Traffic Accident Victims Information System (RTAVIS)
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
1
Child restraints law
Yes
1 800
0
1 600
Number of road traffic deaths
c
d
e
Drivers 4-wheelers (4%)
Yes
No
No
21%d
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementb
b
Other (4%)
1
Drink–driving law
Enforcementb
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes
No
40 km/h
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementb
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Regulations are in place, but not yet enforced.
2006, Ministry of Health observational study in Phnom Penh.
Estimation by consensus group.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
800
600
400
0
No
No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
1 200
1 000
200
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
1 400
No
No
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
Year
Source: 1995–2005, Ministry of Interior/Traffic Police; 2006–2007,
Road Traffic Accident Victims Information System (RTAVIS)
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
75
154 389 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Buses
Trucks
9%
84%
4%
<1%
2%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
CAMEROON
Population: 18 549 176
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $1 050
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Ministry of Transport
Yes
Funded in national budget
Yes
No
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
990b
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
2 471c
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
b
c
Police data, defined as died within 7 days of the crash.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.08 g/dl
Yes
—
Drivers 4-wheelers
(15%)
Cyclists (18%)
3
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes
Yes
No
—
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(17%)
Passengers
4-wheelers (40%)
1
Seat-belt law
Source: Consensus group estimate, based on 2001 data
Yes
No
—
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
3
Child restraints law
No
n/a
Enforcementa
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
1 600
Number of road traffic deaths
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
a
Pedestrians (10%)
4
Drink–driving law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
1 400
1 200
1 000
800
600
400
200
0
No
Yes
1972
1976
1980
1984
1988
Year
1992
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
1996
2000
2005
d
d
Data for 2002 not provided.
Source: Ministry of Transport
No
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
76
312 259 total (2005)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Non-motorized vehicles
56%
21%
9%
8%
5%
1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Transport.
CANADA
Population: 32 876 047
Income group: High
Gross national income per capita: $39 420
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
Road Safety Directorate, Transport Canadaa
Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
a
DATA
2 889h (68% males, 32% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
199 337i
With support and collaboration by the Canadian Council of Motor Transport Administrators and its members.
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
No (subnationally)
Yes
up to 70 km/h
n/a
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementb
Drink–driving law
4
Motorcycle helmet law
No (subnational)
Yesd
Yesd
99%e
n/a
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementb
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementb
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Police data.
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.0–0.04 g/dl
Yes
30%c
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementb
Seat-belt law
h
i
Other (1%)
Pedestrians (13%)
Drivers
4-wheelers
(54%)
Cyclists (3%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(7%)
Passengers
4-wheelers (22%)
No (subnational)
Yesf
93% Front, 87% Rearg
n/a
Source: Police-reported records of traffic collisions that occurred on public roads during 2006
Enforcementb
b
c
d
e
f
g
No (subnational)
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2006, Coroners data compiled by Traffic Injury Research Foundation.
No national law, but all provinces and territories require motorcycle helmets for all riders and
compliance with a national helmet standard.
2006, Transport Canada’s National Traffic Collision Data file, rate among drivers and passengers
involved in crashes occurring on public roads.
No national law, but all provinces and territories require the use of seat-belts by all vehicle occupants.
2006, Transport Canada, Average for Rural and Urban Roads Surveys.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
No
Yes
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
35
Deaths per 100 000 population
Child restraints law
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1971
1976
1981
1986
1991
1996
2001
2006
Year
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No
Yes
Source: Vital Statistics compiled by Ministry of Health, Labor and Source: Country questionnaire
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No (subnational)
No (subnational)
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
77
REGISTERED VEHICLES
20 065 000 total (2006)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
52%
3%
43%
3%
<1%
Data cleared by the Public Health Agency of Canada.
CAPE VERDE
Population: 530 437
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $2 430
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
General Directorate of Road Transport
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
49d (70% males, 30% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
899e
Costing study available
No
d
e
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
7
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.08 g/dl
Yes
—
3
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes
Nob
No
90%c
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
8
Child restraints law
b
c
T
DA
Yes
No
80%c
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
a
V
TA
O
AN
9
Seat-belt law
Enforcementa
E
BL
A
AIL
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes
6
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Exceptions include children and the armed forces.
Estimation by consensus group.
YEAR
NUMBER OF
DEATHS
2006
2007
73
49
Source: Direçao Geral dos Transportes Rodoviários
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
—
—
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No
n/a
78
54 158 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
66%
8%
20%
5%
1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Internal Administration.
CENTRAL AFRICAN
REPUBLIC
Population: 4 342 735
Income group: Low
Gross national income per capita: $380
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Directorate of Transport and Road Safety
Yes
Yesa
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
583d (70% males, 30% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
225e
Costing study available
No
Not formally endorsed by government.
d
e
Police data, defined as died within 1 year of the crash, from capital
(Bangui) only.
Transport data based on police reports.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
40–60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementb
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.08 g/dl
Yes
—
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementb
Child restraints law
Enforcementb
b
c
O
AN
T
DA
3
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementb
A
AIL
V
TA
Yes
Yesc
Yes
—
E
BL
4
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementb
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
4
Yes
No
—
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
3
No (subnational)
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Some exceptions.
LE
AB
OT
N
TA
IL
VA
A
DA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes
Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No
n/a
79
5 834 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
21%
77%
<1%
<1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health, Population and HIV/AIDS and the
Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation.
CHAD
Population: 10 780 571
Income group: Low
Gross national income per capita: $540
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
National Commission on Road Safety
Yes
Yesa
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
840d (70% males, 30% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
4 536e
Costing study available
No
Not formally endorsed by government.
d
e
Transport and Police data, defined as died within 1 year of the crash.
Directorate General for Surface Transport.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementb
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.08 g/dl
Yes
—
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementb
0
Yes
Yes
No
51%d
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementb
T
DA
Yes
Yes
1% Front, <1% Rearc
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
1
Child restraints law
Enforcementb
c
V
O
AN
4
Seat-belt law
b
E
BL
A
AIL
TA
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementb
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
2
No
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Estimation by consensus group.
E
BL
V
TA
O
AN
A
AIL
T
DA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes
Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No
n/a
80
124 088 total (2006)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Non-motorized vehicles
16%
52%
20%
9%
3%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Public Health.
CHILE
Population: 16 634 760
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $8 350
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
National Traffic Safety Commission (CONASET)
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
2 280e (79% males, 21% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
50 010f
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
e
f
Health data, defined as died within 1 year and 1 day of the crash.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Yes
0.5 g/dl
0.5 g/dl
Yes
21%b
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Yes
Yes
Yes
100%c
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(3%)
Cyclists (6%)
Pedestrians (40%)
Source: 2006, National Institute of Statistics/Ministry of Health/Civil Registry
Yes
Yes
50% Front, 42% Reard
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
5
16
Yes
4
Deaths per 100 000 population
Enforcementa
b
c
d
Other (27%)
3
Child restraints law
a
Passengers
4-wheelers (13%)
3
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Drivers 4-wheelers (12%)
5
Drink–driving law
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
National Police of Chile data for 2007.
National Traffic Safety Commission (CONASET) data for 2005 for greater Santiago only.
National Traffic Safety Commission (CONASET) data for 2007 conducted in multiple cities.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
No car manufacturers
1991
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
Year
No
Yes
Source: National Institute of Statistics/Ministry of Health/Civil Registry
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Yes
Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
Yes
Yes
81
REGISTERED VEHICLES
2 824 570 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Non-motorized vehicles
Other
61%
2%
28%
5%
2%
2%
<1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
CHINA
Population: 1 336 317 116
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $2 360
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Inter-Ministerial Convention on Road Traffic Safety
Funded in national budget
Yes
Lead agency
Yes
No
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
89 455e (76% males, 24% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
431 139f
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
e
f
Police data, defined as died within 7 days of the crash.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Yes
Yes
30-50 km/h
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
8
Other (14%)
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
8
Yes
Yes
Yes
16%c
No consensus
Enforcementa
b
c
d
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Yes
Yes
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
No
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
No consensus
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No
Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Cyclists (9%)
Source: Traffic Management Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1971
1976
1981
1986
1991
1996
2001
2006
Year
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Riders motorbikes
(28%)
No
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2006, Police data.
Zhang J, Zhuo J, Chen NA. Study of motorcycle helmet use in Guangxi. Chinese Journal of Disease
Control & Prevention, 2004, 8(6):512–515.
2005–2006, Study in Guangzhou City and Nanning City.
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
Pedestrians (26%)
Yes
Yes
50%d
No consensus
Child restraints law
a
Passengers of
cars (17%)
Deaths per 100 000 population
Motorcycle helmet law
Drivers passenger vehicles (5%)
Yes
0.02 g/dl
0.02 g/dl
Yes
4%b
Source: Traffic Management Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes
Yes
82
145 228 994 total (2006)
Registered vehicle types: data not available
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
COLOMBIA
Population: 46 155 958
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $3 250
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Ministry of Transportation
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2001)
5 409d (80% males, 20% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
38 727e
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
d
e
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Other (5%)
Yes
0.04 g/dl
0.04 g/dl
Yes
3%b
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Passengers
4-wheelers (11%)
Pedestrians (34%)
Yes
Yes
Yes
97%c
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(36%)
6
Seat-belt law
Cyclists (8%)
Yes
Yes
82%c
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
7
Child restraints law
Source: 2007, National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes
25
3
Deaths per 100 000 population
b
c
Drivers 4-wheelers (6%)
5
Motorcycle helmet law
a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
4
Drink–driving law
Enforcementa
National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, defined as
died within 30 days of the crash.
National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences.
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, Ministry of Transportation (SIAT-RNAT).
2007–2008 Road Prevention Fund. Use of helmets that meet a regulatory standard: 70%.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
Yes
Yes
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
20
15
10
5
0
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Year
No
Yes
Source: Ministry of Transportation, National Institute of Legal Medicine and
Forensic Sciences, Road Prevention Fund
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Yes
Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
Yes
—
83
REGISTERED VEHICLES
4 951 225 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Non-motorized vehicles
Other
36%
39%
17%
4%
3%
<1%
<1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Social Protection.
COMOROS
Population: 839 187
Income group: Low
Gross national income per capita: $680
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Directorate for Road Safety, Circulation
and Regulation
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
12d (70% males, 30% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
120e
Costing study available
No
d
e
Military Police data, defined as died within 24 hours of the crash.
Military Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
30 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
3
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Yes
0.0 g/dlb
0.0 g/dlb
Yes
4%c
Drivers 4-wheelers
(17%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(8%)
No
n/a
n/a
—
n/a
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Seat-belt law
Passengers
4-wheelers (58%)
No
n/a
—
n/a
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Child restraints law
No
n/a
Enforcementa
b
c
Pedestrians (17%)
4
Motorcycle helmet law
a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Source: 2007, Gendarmerie
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Alcohol consumption prohibited by law.
2007, National Military Police.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
TA
No car manufacturers
O
AN
T
DA
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
LE
AB
IL
VA
No
No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No
n/a
84
22 378 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
86%
6%
5%
3%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health, Solidarity and Gender Equality.
CONGO
Population: 3 768 086
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $1 540
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
Funded in national budget
Directorate General for Land Transport
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
214b (80% males, 20% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
2 506c
Costing study available
No
b
c
Police data, defined as died within 1 year of the crash.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
40–60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.08 g/dl
—
—
—
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
OT
N
TA
AV
DA
Yes
No
—
3
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
a
E
BL
A
AIL
4
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
3
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
E
BL
V
TA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
O
AN
A
AIL
T
DA
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes
Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No
n/a
85
100 000 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
56%
3%
31%
5%
<1%
4%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health, Social Affairs and Family and the
Ministry of Security and Public Order.
COOK ISLANDS
Population: 13 325
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $13 098
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Police Department
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
5b (80% males, 20% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
382c
Costing study available
No
b
c
Health data (Rarotonga only), defined as died at the crash scene.
Police and health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Yes
0.04 g/dl
0.04 g/dl
—
—
No
n/a
n/a
—
n/a
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Seat-belt law
Child restraints law
No
n/a
Enforcementa
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No
No
No
No
POST-CRASH CARE
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1991
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
Source: 2007, Ministry of Health Annual Statistical Bulletin
No
n/a
—
n/a
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Pedestrians (40%)
4
Motorcycle helmet law
a
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(60%)
4
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Number of road traffic deaths
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
Year
Source: Country questionnaire, Rarotonga only
REGISTERED VEHICLES
No
n/a
10 692 total (2006–2007)
Registered vehicle types: data not available
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
86
COSTA RICA
Population: 4 467 625
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $5 560
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Council on Road Safety (COSEVI)
Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
710c (82% males, 18% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
19 903d
Costing study available
No
c
d
Judicial Branch data, defined as died within 1 year of the crash.
National Institute of Insurance.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Yes
No
40 km/h
6
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.05 g/dl
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
No
—
Source: 2007, Judicial Branch
Yes
6
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
National survey conducted in 2004.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No
Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Cyclists (9%)
7
Child restraints law
b
Passengers
4-wheelers
(18%)
Yes
Yes
82%b
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
a
Pedestrians (33%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (20%)
6
Seat-belt law
Enforcementa
Drivers 4-wheelers (20%)
6
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Deaths per 100 000 population
Speed limits set nationally
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
No
No
Yeare
e
Data for 2001 not provided.
Source: Council on Road Safety (COSEVI). National Institute
for Statistics and Census (Vital Statistics)
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes
Yes
87
797 902 total (2007)
Registered vehicle types: data not available
Data cleared by the Ministry of Public Works and Transport.
CROATIA
Population: 4 555 398
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $10 460
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Yes
Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
619d
25 092e
Costing study available
—
d
e
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
6
Drink–driving law
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes
Yes
No
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Cyclists (5%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (19%)
Passengers
4-wheelers (21%)
Source: 2007, Ministry of Interior
7
Child restraints law
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes
1 800
5
Number of road traffic deaths
b
c
Pedestrians (20%)
Yes
Yes
45%c
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Enforcement
Drivers 4-wheelers
(29%)
6
Seat-belt law
a
Other (7%)
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.0 g/dl
Yes
30%b
7
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, Ministry of Interior.
2004, Ministry of Interior.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
1 600
1 400
1 200
1 000
800
600
400
200
0
Yes
Yes
1972
1977
1982
1987
1992
2002
2007
Year
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
1997
Source: Ministry of Interior
No
No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
Yes
Yes
1 949 936 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Trucks
Buses
Other
77%
8%
9%
<1%
6%
Data cleared by the National Institute of Public Health.
88
CUBA
Population: 11 267 883
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $4 571
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
National Highway and Transportation Commission
Funded in national budget
No
Lead agency
Multiple
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
994f (79% males, 21% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
7 507g
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
f
g
Health data, defined as died within 1 year of the crash.
National Transportation Directorate data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
5
Drink–driving law
Yes
Noneb
Noneb
Yes
30%c
4
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes
Yes
No
95%d
8
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Enforcementa
b
c
d
e
Occupants 4-wheelers
(18%)
Other (8%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(12%)
Bus passengers
(3%)
Cyclists (14%)
Pedestrians (33%)
Yes
No
70% Fronte
Child restraints law
a
Unspecified (12%)
8
No
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Drink–driving not defined by BAC limit.
2007, Forensic Medicine Institute, Ministry of Public Health.
2007, National Transportation Directorate, Ministry of Internal Affairs.
2007, National Transportation Directorate, Ministry of Internal Affairs, only applies to cars with seatbelts or those manufactured after 2001.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
25
20
15
10
5
0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Source: 2007, Ministry of Health
Deaths per 100 000 population
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
1972
No
No
1977
1982
1987
1992
1997
2002
2007
Year
Source: National Statistics Directorate, Ministry of Public Health, 2006–2007
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Yes
No
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
89
REGISTERED VEHICLES
658 003 total (2008)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
36%
33%
13%
13%
3%
2%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Public Health.
CYPRUS
Population: 854 671
Income group: High
Gross national income per capita: $24 940
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
Road Safety Council
Yes
Funded in national budget
89f (84% males, 16% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
2 119g
Costing study available
Yes (deaths only)
f
g
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
50 km/h
6
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.05 g/dl
Yes
18%b
6
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes
Yesc
Yes
68% Driversd
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Cyclists (3%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(28%)
Passengers
4-wheelers
(14%)
Source: 2007, Police records
Yes
Yes
81% Front, 9% Reare
Enforcementa
b
c
d
e
Drivers 4-wheelers
(37%)
5
7
Child restraints law
a
Pedestrians (18%)
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes
180
3
Number of road traffic deaths
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, Police records.
Some exceptions.
2007, Police in cooperation with the Government Statistical Service, 56% passengers.
2007, Police records, national observational study.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
No car manufacturers
1971
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
160
No
Yes
1976
1981
1986
1991
1996
2001
2006
Year
Source: Country questionnaire
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Yes
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes
Yes
592 480 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
90
69%
7%
18%
2%
1%
4%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
CZECH REPUBLIC
Population: 10 186 330
Income group: High
Gross national income per capita: $14 450
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
Ministry of Transport
Yes
Funded in national budget
1 222e (77% males, 23% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes
Yes
No
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
23 060f
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
e
f
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
5
Drink–driving law
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Cyclists (10%)
Yes
Yes
Yes
97% Driversc
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(11%)
9
Source: 2007, Police Presidium of the Czech Republic, Directorate of Traffic Branch
8
Yes
Enforcementa
b
c
d
Passengers
4-wheelers (18%)
Yes
Yes
90% Front, 80% Reard
Child restraints law
a
Drivers 4-wheelers
(41%)
Pedestrians (19%)
7
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, Czech Police.
2007, Czech Police, 85% for passengers.
2006, Transport Research Centre.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
No
Yes
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Deaths per 100 000 population
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Other (1%)
Yes
0.0 g/dl
0.0 g/dl
Yes
3%b
9
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1972
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No
No
1977
1982
1987
1992
Yes
No (subnational)
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
2002
2007
Source: Country questionnaire
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
1997
Year
Yes
Yes
91
REGISTERED VEHICLES
5 455 110 total (2006)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Trucks
Buses
Other
75%
15%
9%
<1%
1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
DEMOCRATIC
REPUBLIC OF
THE CONGO
Population: 62 635 723
Income group: Low
Gross national income per capita: $140
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
National Road Safety Committee
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
281c (61% males, 31% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
3 478d
Costing study available
No
c
d
Police data, defined as died at the crash scene, Kinshasa only.
Police and health data, Kinshasa only.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
5
Drink–driving law
Yes
Yes
No
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
7
Enforcementa
b
Passengers
4-wheelers
(35%)
Pedestrians (59%)
Yes
No
80% Front, 40% Rearb
Child restraints law
a
Drivers 4-wheelers (5%)
5
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Other (1%)
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.05 g/dl
Yes
—
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Source: 2007, Road Traffic Police, National Road Safety Committee
7
No
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, estimated based on fines given out by the Road Traffic Police.
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
VEHICLE STANDARDS
OT
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
LE
AB
No car manufacturers
Yes
Yes
N
TA
IL
VA
A
DA
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
No
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
REGISTERED VEHICLES
No
n/a
92
311 781 total (2007)
Registered vehicle types: data not available
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
DOMINICAN
REPUBLIC
Population: 9 759 664
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $3 550
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
No
n/a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
1 414d (83% males, 17% females)
No
n/a
n/a
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
1 121e
Costing study available
No
d
e
National Police and General Ground Travel Bureau data, defined as died
at the crash scene.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
35 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Yes
Noneb
Noneb
Yes
—
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
2
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes
—
Yes
—
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Drivers 4-wheelers
(42%)
Passengers
4-wheelers (45%)
Yes
No
55–60% Frontc
Source: 2007, General Ground Travel Bureau
6
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
b
c
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (8%)
2
Seat-belt law
a
Pedestrians (5%)
2
Drink–driving law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
No
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Drink–driving not defined by BAC limit.
2006, General Ground Travel Bureau, study involving drivers and front-seat passengers only.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
YEAR
DEATHS
2005
2006
2007
1 366
1 386
1 414
No car manufacturers
Source: Country questionnaire
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No
No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
93
REGISTERED VEHICLES
2 121 244 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
28%
44%
8%
16%
2%
<1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Public Health and Social Assistance.
ECUADOR
Population: 13 341 197
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $3 080
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
The National Commission of Ground Transit
and Transportation
Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
1 801c (74% males, 26% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2005)
9 511d
—
—
—
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
c
d
National Institute of Statistics and Census data, defined as died within 24
hours of the crash.
National Institute of Statistics and Census data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Occupants 4-wheelers (14%)
3
Drink–driving law
Yes
Yes
30% Front, 10% Rearb
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
No
No
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No
No
2003
2004
2006
Year
e
No data supplied for 2002.
Source: National Directorate of Transit, Department of Archives and Statistics;
Guayas Transit Commission
REGISTERED VEHICLES
No
n/a
961 556 total (2006)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
94
2005
e
No
No
POST-CRASH CARE
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
2 000
1 800
1 600
1 400
1 200
1 000
800
600
400
200
0
2001
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, National Directorate of Ground Transit and Transportation.
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Source: 2006, National Institute of Statistics and Census
3
Enforcementa
b
Pedestrians (43%)
2
Child restraints law
a
Cyclists (<1%)
Yes
Yes
No
—
Number of road traffic deaths
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Other (42%)
5
Motorcycle helmet law
Seat-belt law
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (1%)
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.08 g/dl
Yes
9%b
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
38%
9%
43%
8%
1%
<1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Public Health.
EGYPT
Population: 75 497 913
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $1 580
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
National Council for Road Safety
Yes
Yes
No
No
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
12 295d (70% males, 30% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
154 000e
Costing study available
No
d
e
Health data, defined as died at the crash scene.
2007, Health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
7
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Yes
Noneb
Noneb
No
—
Yes
No
No
70% Passengersc
6
Yes
No
70% Driversc
Enforcementa
b
c
Occupants 4-wheelers
(48%)
Other (30%)
4
Child restraints law
a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Pedestrians (20%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (<1%)
Cyclists (2%)
Source: 2005, National Information Center for Health & Population
7
No
n/a
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Drink–driving not defined by BAC limit.
2003, Ministry of Interior.
No
No
O
AN
A
AIL
V
TA
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
E
BL
VEHICLE STANDARDS
T
DA
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes
Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
95
REGISTERED VEHICLES
4 300 000 total (2008)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Trucks
Buses
Other
60%
19%
18%
2%
1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and Population.
EL SALVADOR
Population: 6 857 328
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $2 850
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Deputy Ministry of Transportation
Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
1 493c (78% males, 22% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes
No
No
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
11 655d
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
c
d
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes
No
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.05 g/dl
Yes
4%b
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(2%)
Yes
Yes
No
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Cyclists (4%)
6
Seat-belt law
2008, Institute of Forensic Medicine, compared with data of the National Civil Police
and the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare
Yes
No
—
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
7
Child restraints law
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes
0
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, Assistant Director’s Office of Ground Transportation, National Civil Police.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
25
20
15
10
5
0
Yes
No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
30
Deaths per 100 000 population
b
Passsengers
4-wheelers (18%)
Pedestrians
(63%)
5
Motorcycle helmet law
a
Drivers 4-wheelers (9%)
Other (4%)
4
Drink–driving law
Enforcementa
Forensic Medicine, Police and Health data, defined as died anytime after
the crash.
Health data.
1972
1977
1982
1987
1992
1997
2002
2007
Year
Source: Data for 1970 to 1998, General Bureau of Statistics and Census.
Data for 1999 to 2007, Forensic Statistics Section of the Institute of Forensic Medicine.
No
No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No
n/a
96
630 638 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
45%
7%
38%
7%
1%
2%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Public Health and Social Assistance.
ERITREA
Population: 4 850 763
Income group: Low
Gross national income per capita: $230
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Ministry of Transport and Communication
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
84d (76% males, 24% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
1 453e
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
d
e
Police data, defined as died within 1 year of the crash.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.05 g/dl
Yes
1.2%b
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Seat-belt law
9
Child restraints law
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes
2
Number of road traffic deaths
b
c
T
DA
Yes
Yes
—
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
a
O
AN
A
AIL
V
TA
Yes
Yesc
No
—
9
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, Traffic Police archive.
Some exceptions.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes
Yes
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
1992
1995
1998
2001
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
2007
Source: Land and Transport Department
No (subnational)
Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
2004
Year
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
E
BL
6
Motorcycle helmet law
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
7
No
n/a
97
REGISTERED VEHICLES
60 849 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
51%
5%
21%
16%
3%
5%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
ESTONIA
Population: 1 335 333
Income group: High
Gross national income per capita: $13 200
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
The Road Safety Committee of the Government
of the Republic of Estonia
Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
196d (75% males, 25% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
3 270e
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
d
e
Estonian National Road Administration data, defined as died within
30 days of the crash.
Estonian National Road Administration data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
50 km/h
6
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.02 g/dl
0.02 g/dl
Yes
48%b
8
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Passengers
4-wheelers (27%)
Source: 2007, Estonian National Road Administration
7
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes
8
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, Estonian National Road Administration.
2007, “Traffic Behaviour Monitoring”.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
No
Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(6%)
9
Enforcementa
b
c
Cyclists (9%)
Yes
Yes
90% Front, 68% Rearc
Child restraints law
a
Drivers 4-wheelers
(39%)
Pedestrians (19%)
Deaths per 100 000 population
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
1972
1977
1982
1987
1992
1997
2002
2007
Year
Source: Estonian National Road Administration
Yes
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
Yes
Yes
98
708 794 total (2008)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Trucks
Buses
Other
74%
2%
11%
1%
12%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Social Affairs.
ETHIOPIA
Population: 83 099 190
Income group: Low
Gross national income per capita: $220
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
National Road Safety Committee
Yes
2 517d (78% males, 22% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
24 792e
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
d
e
Police data, defined as died within 1 year of the crash.
Police data adjusted by comparing with health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Other (1%)
2
Drink–driving law
Yes
Noneb
Noneb
No
10%c
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
1
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Pedestrians (55%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (1%)
Cyclists (<1%)
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Deaths per 100 000 population
4.0
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Source: 2007, Federal Police Commission Annual Report
No
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Drink–driving not defined by BAC limit.
2007, Consensus group estimate.
No
No
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
1998
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Passengers
4-wheelers (37%)
No (subnational)
n/a
20%c
n/a
Enforcementa
b
c
Drivers 4-wheelers (6%)
No (subnational)
n/a
n/a
60%c
n/a
Child restraints law
a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year
No
No
Source: Country questionnaire
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No
n/a
244 257 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
29%
3%
34%
27%
7%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Transport and Communications.
99
FIJI
Population: 838 698
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $3 800
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Yes
Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
59e (78% males, 22% females)
663f
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
e
f
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
7
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.0 g/dl
Yes
27%b
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Yes
Yes
Yes
90%c
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Passengers
4-wheelers (49%)
Yes
Yes
95% Front, 70% Reard
Enforcementa
Source: 2007, Fiji Police
9
Yes
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
5
120
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2006, Fiji Police.
Estimation by consensus group.
2007, Fiji Police.
Number of road traffic deaths
b
c
d
Pedestrians (25%)
10
Child restraints law
a
Drivers 4-wheelers
(26%)
7
Motorcycle helmet law
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes
Yes
100
80
60
40
20
0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Year
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Source: Fiji Police
No
No
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes
Yes
100
78 833 total (2008)
Registered vehicle types: data not available
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health, Women and Social Welfare.
FINLAND
Population: 5 276 892
Income group: High
Gross national income per capita: $44 400
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Ministry of Transport and Communications
of Finland
Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
380f (73% males, 27% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
8 446g
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
f
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
g
Yes
Yes
50 km/h
7
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.05 g/dl
Yes
24%b
8
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes
Yesc
Yes
95% Driversd
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Passengers
4-wheelers (18%)
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes
Yes
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1986
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Source: “Road Traffic Accidents 2007,” Statistics Finland and
Central Organization for Traffic Safety in Finland
Yes
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Yes
Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
Yes
Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(11%)
7
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
Drivers 4-wheelers
(52%)
Cyclists (6%)
7
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Road Traffic Accidents 2007, Statistics Finland and Central Organization for Traffic Safety in Finland.
Some exceptions.
Estimation by consensus group.
2007, Central Organization for Traffic Safety in Finland, data for rear-seat passengers apply to urban
areas only.
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Pedestrians (13%)
Yes
Yes
89% Front, 80% Reard
Enforcementa
b
c
d
e
Other (1%)
9
Child restraints law
a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Deaths per 100 000 population
Seat-belt law
“Road Traffic Accidents 2007,” Statistics Finland and Central
Organization for Traffic Safety in Finland, defined as died within 30 days
of the crash.
“Road Traffic Accidents 2007,” Statistics Finland and Central
Organization for Traffic Safety in Finland.
Yes
Yes
101
1989
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
Year
Source: “Road Traffic Accidents 2007,” Statistics Finland and
Central Organization for Traffic Safety in Finland
REGISTERED VEHICLES
4 656 370 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Trucks
Buses
Other
61%
8%
2%
<1%
29%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health.
FRANCE
Population: 61 647 375
Income group: High
Gross national income per capita: $38 500
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Interministerial Road Safety Task Force
Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
4 620e (76% males, 24% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
77 007f
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
e
f
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Yes
Yesc
Yes
95%d
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Cyclists (3%)
Drivers 4-wheelers
(43%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(25%)
7
Passengers
4-wheelers (16%)
Yes
Yes
98% Front, 83% Rearb
Yes
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
5
40
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2006, Observatoire national interministériel de sécurité routière (ONISR).
Some exceptions.
2006, ONISR, Observational study, data apply to motorcyclists (99% for moped riders).
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
No
Yes
Deaths per 100 000 population
Enforcementa
Source: 2007, Observatoire national interministériel de sécurité routière (ONISR)
8
Child restraints law
b
c
d
Pedestrians (12%)
4
Motorcycle helmet law
a
Other (1%)
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.05 g/dl
Yes
27%b
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
7
Drink–driving law
Seat-belt law
Observatoire national interministériel de sécurité routière (ONISR) data,
defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Observatoire national interministériel de sécurité routière (ONISR) data.
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1972
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes
No
1977
1982
1987
1992
1997
2002
2007
Year
Source: Observatoire national interministériel de sécurité routière
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No (subnational)
Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
Yes
Yes
102
REGISTERED VEHICLES
39 926 000 total (2006–2008)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
77%
6%
14%
1%
<1%
1%
Data cleared by the Interministerial Road Safety Task Force.
GAMBIA
Population: 1 708 681
Income group: Low
Gross national income per capita: $320
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
National Roads Authority
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
56c (74% males, 26% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
387d
Costing study available
No
c
d
Police and health data, defined as died within 1 year of the crash.
Actual data from the Gambia Police Force and Royal Victoria Teaching
Hospital.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
3
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Yes
Noneb
Noneb
Yes
—
DA
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
4
Enforcementa
b
AV
Yes
Yes
—
Child restraints law
a
N
TA
A
AIL
4
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
OT
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
E
BL
4
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
No
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Drink–driving not defined by BAC limit.
E
BL
V
TA
O
AN
A
AIL
T
DA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes
Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
103
14 450 total (2007)
Motorcars
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
61%
12%
6%
7%
14%
Data cleared by the Department of State for Works, Construction and Infrastructure.
GEORGIA
Population: 4 395 420
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $2 120
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
Transport Commission
—
737c (78% males, 22% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
7 349d
Costing study available
No
c
d
Ministry of Internal Affairs data, defined as died within 20 days of the
crash.
Ministry of Internal Affairs data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
60 km/h
8
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Yes
0.02 g/dl
0.02 g/dl
No
37%b
Yes
Yes
No
—
Yes
No
—
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes
a
Enforcement
7
1 400
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes
Yes
1 200
1 000
800
600
400
200
0
1972
1977
1982
1987
1992
1997
2002
2007
Year
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Source: 2007, Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia
8
Child restraints law
b
Unspecified (72%)
6
Seat-belt law
a
Pedestrians (28%)
9
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Cyclists (<1%)
Number of road traffic deaths
Drink–driving law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
No
No (subnational)
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
Yes
Yes
104
567 900 total (2008)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Trucks
Buses
83%
<1%
10%
7%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Labour, Health and Social Affairs.
a
GERMANY
a
Questionnaire completed by the Federal Highway Research Institute BASt (no consensus meeting).
Population: 82 599 471
Income group: High
Gross national income per capita: $38 860
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Federal Ministry for Traffic, Building and Housing
Funded in national budget
Yes
Lead agency
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
4 949e (73% males, 27% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes
No
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
431 419f
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
e
f
Federal Statistics Office data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Federal Statistics Office data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
50 km/h
—
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementb
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementb
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementb
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementb
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.0 g/dl
Yes
12%c
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
97% Drivers, 96% Passengersd
—
Enforcementb
Pedestrians (14%)
Yes
—
Drivers 4-wheelers
(43%)
Cyclists (10%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(18%)
Passengers
4-wheelers (15%)
Source: 2006, Federal Statistics Office
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
16
Enforcement score represents professional opinion of BASt, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not
effective and 10 is highly effective.
2006, Federal Statistics Office.
2007, Federal Highway Research Institute.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
No
Yes
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Deaths per 100 000 population
c
d
Other (1%)
Yes
Yes
95–96% Front, 88% Reard
—
Child restraints law
b
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
1991
No
Yes
1994
1997
2000
Source: Federal Statistics Office
Yes
Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
2006
Year
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
2003
Yes
Yes
105
REGISTERED VEHICLES
55 511 374 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Trucks
Buses
Other
84%
7%
8%
<1%
1%
Data cleared by the Federal Highway Research Institute BASt.
GHANA
Population: 23 478 394
Income group: Low
Gross national income per capita: $590
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
National Road Safety Commission
Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
1 856b (73% males, 27% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
14 492c
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
b
c
National Road Safety Commission data (based on police reports), defined
as died within 30 days of the crash.
National Road Safety Commission data (based on police reports).
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.0 g/dl
Yes
—
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
2
Motorcycle helmet law
Drivers 4-wheelers (11%)
Yes
Yes
—
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Source: National Road Safety Commission, “Road Traffic Accident Statistics 2006”
2
Child restraints law
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes
12
Deaths per 100 000 population
0
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (5%)
Cyclists (4%)
3
Seat-belt law
Passengers
4-wheelers
(35%)
Pedestrians (42%)
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
a
Other (2%)
2
Drink–driving law
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes
No
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Yes
No
10
8
6
4
2
0
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
Year
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
Source: Building and Road Research Institute
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
Yes
Yes
106
931 642 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
53%
16%
8%
9%
13%
1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Transportation.
GREECE
Population: 11 146 918
Income group: High
Gross national income per capita: $29 630
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
No
n/a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
Yes
Yes
No
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
1 657e (82% males, 18% females)
20 675f
Costing study available
No
e
f
National Statistical Service data, defined as died within 30 days of the
crash.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
6
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Drivers 4-wheelers
(35%)
Cyclists (1%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (30%)
7
Passengers
4-wheelers (15%)
Yes
Yes
75% Front, 42% Reard
Enforcementa
Source: 2006, National Statistical Service
7
Child restraints law
b
c
d
Pedestrians (16%)
7
Yes
Yesc
Yes
58% Drivers, 32% Passengersd
Seat-belt law
a
Other (2%)
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.02 g/dl
Yes
7.2%b
Yes
6
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2006, Road Traffic Police and Port Police Authorities, drivers involved in fatal crashes.
Some exceptions.
2006, Road Traffic Police and Port Police Authorities, includes only people involved in reported road
traffic crashes.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
2 500
Number of road traffic deaths
Motorcycle helmet law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
2 000
1 500
1 000
500
0
Yes
—
1971
1976
1981
1986
1991
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
1996
2001
2006
Year
Source: National Statistical Service
Yes
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
107
7 212 236 total (2006)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Trucks
Buses
Other
65%
17%
17%
<1%
1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and Social Solidarity.
GUATEMALA
Population: 13 353 911
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $2 305
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Ministry of the Interior, Department of Transit
of the National Civil Police
Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2004)
581b (74% males, 25% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2004)
2 586c
No (subnational)
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Costing study available
No
b
c
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
3
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
3
Source: 2004, National Civil Police, Institute of National Statistics
Yes
No
—
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
5
Child restraints law
400
No
n/a
Enforcementa
a
Passengers and
unspecified (49%)
Yes
Yes
No
—
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Drivers (28%)
Pedestrians (23%)
No (subnational)
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
Number of road traffic deaths
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes
Yes
10–90 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
National Statistical Institute data (mainly from police records), defined as
died at the crash scene.
National Statistical Institute data (mainly from police records).
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
2000
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No
No
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Year
Source: Vital Statistics
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
No (subnational)
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No
n/a
108
REGISTERED VEHICLES
1 613 796 total (2008)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Non-motorized vehicles
Other
Unspecified
28%
24%
11%
7%
5%
<1%
23%
2%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Public Health and Social Assistance.
GUINEA-BISSAU
Population: 1 695 043
Income group: Low
Gross national income per capita: $200
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
No
n/a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
No
n/a
n/a
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
117c
—
Costing study available
No
c
Police data, defined as died at the crash scene.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
4
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes
Noneb
Noneb
No
—
3
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
OT
No
n/a
n/a
—
n/a
E
BL
N
TA
A
AIL
AV
DA
No
n/a
—
n/a
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Child restraints law
a
Enforcement
a
b
No
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Drink–driving not defined by BAC limit.
LE
AB
OT
N
TA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
IL
VA
A
DA
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No
No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
109
57 839 total (2008)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Trucks
Buses
73%
9%
17%
<1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Public Health.
GUYANA
Population: 737 906
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $1 300
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Ministry of Home Affairs
Yes
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
207c (74% males, 25% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
No
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
1 356d
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
c
d
Police data, defined as death resulting from injuries due to a road
accident event (time period not specified).
Ministry of Home Affairs data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.08 g/dl
Yes
—
—
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Motorcycle helmet law
Passsengers
4-wheelers (25%)
Pedestrians (30%)
Cyclists (16%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (16%)
5
Seat-belt law
Yes
No
—
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Source: 2007, Guyana Police Force – Traffic Headquarters
7
Child restraints law
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes
0
250
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Some exceptions.
Number of road traffic deaths
b
Drivers 4-wheelers (10%)
Yes
Yesb
No
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
a
Other (3%)
4
Drink–driving law
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes
No
48 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No
Yes
150
100
50
0
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Year
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
200
Source: Traffic Headquarters
No
No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
n/a
110
127 825 total (2008)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Other
35%
29%
15%
7%
14%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
HONDURAS
Population: 7 106 001
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $1 600
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
National Road Safety Council
Yes
Multiple
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
974e (80% males, 20% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
3 156f
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
e
f
National Transit Bureau data, defined as died within 24 hours
of the crash.
Ministry of Security and Ministry of Health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
40 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Other (9%)
3
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.07 g/dl
0.07 g/dl
Yes
8%b
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
4
Yes
Yes
No
60% Drivers, 40% Passengersc
5
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Enforcementa
b
c
d
Drivers 4-wheelers
(21%)
Cyclists (5%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (5%)
Passsengers
4-wheelers (51%)
Yes
Yes
80% Front, 10% Reard
Child restraints law
a
Pedestrians (9%)
7
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, National Transit Bureau, proportion of fatal crashes due to alcohol.
2007, National Transit Bureau/Ministry of Security.
2007, National Transit Bureau.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Source: 2007, National Transit Bureau/Ministry of Security
Number of road traffic deaths
Motorcycle helmet law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
2003
Yes
Yes
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year
Source: Forensic Medicine Bureau/Public Ministry
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
No
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
No
111
REGISTERED VEHICLES
786 682 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Non-motorized vehicles
Other
62%
12%
11%
10%
4%
1%
<1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of State Health.
HUNGARY
Population: 10 029 683
Income group: High
Gross national income per capita: $11 570
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Interministerial Committee for Road Safety
Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
1 232e (74% males, 25% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
27 452f
Costing study available
Yes (deaths only)
e
f
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Yes
Yes
Yes
95%c
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
9
Drivers 4-wheelers
(34%)
Cyclists (12%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (10%)
Passengers
4-wheelers (21%)
Yes
Yes
71% Front, 40% Reard
4
Source: 2007, Traffic Accidents 2006 Yearbook
Child restraints law
Yes
4
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2006, Central Statistical Office.
Estimation by consensus group, drivers and passengers.
2007, Observational study.
30
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
No
Yes
Deaths per 100 000 population
Enforcementa
b
c
d
Pedestrians (23%)
5
Motorcycle helmet law
a
Other (1%)
Yes
0.0 g/dl
0.0 g/dl
Yes
12%b
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
4
Drink–driving law
Seat-belt law
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Police data.
25
20
15
10
5
0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
1970
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No
Yes
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Year
Source: Country questionnaire
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Yes
No (subnational)
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
Yes
Yes
112
REGISTERED VEHICLES
3 625 386 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Trucks
Buses
Other
83%
4%
12%
1%
1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
ICELAND
Population: 301 006
Income group: High
Gross national income per capita: $54 100
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
The Road Traffic Directorate
Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
30e (67% males, 33% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
2 092f
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
e
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
f
Yes
Yes
50 km/h
7
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.05 g/dl
Yes
20%b
7
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes
Yes
No
95%c
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Pedestrians (10%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (5%)
Drivers 4-wheelers
(53%)
Passengers
4-wheelers (32%)
Yes
Yes
88% Front, 68% Reard
8
Source: The Road Traffic Directorate yearly report 1998–2007
Yes
Enforcementa
8
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, The Road Traffic Directorate.
Estimation by consensus group, drivers and passengers.
2007, National telephone survey conducted by Capacent Gallup.
18
Deaths per 100 000 population
b
c
d
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
8
Child restraints law
a
Statistics Iceland Mortality Coding Register data, defined as died within
30 days of the crash.
Icelandic Accident Register data.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
1972
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes
No
1977
1982
1987
1992
2007
Source: Road Traffic Directorate
No (subnational)
No (subnational)
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
2002
Year
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
1997
Yes
Yes
113
REGISTERED VEHICLES
293 299 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
71%
5%
7%
3%
<1%
14%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
INDIA
Population: 1 169 015 509
Income group: Low
Gross national income per capita: $950
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Department of Road Transport
and Highways
Yes
Yesa
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
d
e
No (subnationally)
Yes
n/a
n/a
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementb
Drink–driving law
Passenger cars and taxis (15%)
Other (29%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(27%)
3
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes
Yesc
Yes
—
Pedestrians (13%)
Cyclists (4%)
2
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementb
Unspecified (11%)
Yes
0.03 g/dl
0.03 g/dl
Yes
—
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementb
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementb
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Police data.
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Speed limits set nationally
Source: “Road Accidents in India 2006.” Ministry of Shipping, Road Transport and Highways
Yes
Yes
—
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
2
Child restraints law
No
n/a
Enforcementb
c
452 922e
Not formally endorsed by government.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
b
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Some exceptions.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
No
No
120 000
Number of road traffic deaths
a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
105 725d (84% males, 16% females)
100 000
80 000
60 000
40 000
20 000
0
2002
2003
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
2006
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes
Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
2005
Source: National Crime Records Bureau
No
No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
2004
Year
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Yes
Yes
114
72 718 000 total (2004)
Trucks and Lorries
Light motor vehicles
(goods and passengers)
Buses
Two wheelers
Cars, jeeps and taxis
Tractors and trailers
Other
3%
5%
1%
71%
13%
6%
1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
INDONESIA
Population: 231 626 978
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $1 650
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
16 548e (73% males, 23% females)
National Cabinet
Yes
Funded in national budget
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Multiple
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
66 040f
Costing study available
Yes (deaths only)
e
f
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Yes
Yes
70 km/h
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
3
Other (4%)
Drink–driving law
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
n/a
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Yes
Yesb
Yes
93%c
Passengers
4-wheelers (4%)
Pedestrians (15%)
Cyclists (13%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(61%)
7
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Drivers 4-wheelers (3%)
Yes
No
85%d
Source: 2008, National Police. Based on data collected in 3 provinces,
deaths at the crash scene only
7
Child restraints law
No
n/a
Enforcementa
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
b
c
d
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Some exceptions.
2007, National rate estimated from study of helmet wearing in 31 cities in 10 provinces.
2005, Jakarta survey.
18 000
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
Yes
No
Number of road traffic deaths
a
16 000
14 000
12 000
10 000
8 000
6 000
4 000
2 000
0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No
No
Year
Source: National Police
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Yes
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
115
63 318 522 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Trucks
Buses
15%
73%
8%
4%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
IRAN
(Islamic Republic of)
Population: 71 208 384
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $3 470
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Headquarter for Transportation and Fuel Management
Funded in national budget
Yes
Lead agency
Multiple
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities
(2007–2008 Iranian Calendar)
22 918e (80% males, 20% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries
(2007–2008 Iranian Calendar)
685 611f
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
e
f
Yes
No
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
6
Drink–driving law
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Drivers 4-wheelers
(16%)
Yes
Yes
Yes
13–15%c
6
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Child restraints law
a
Enforcement
b
c
d
Unspecified (11%)
Pedestrians (33%)
Seat-belt law
a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes
0.0 g/dlb
0.0 g/dlb
Yes
—
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
1
Forensic Medicine data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Health data.
Yes
Yes
75–80%d
8
Passengers
4-wheelers (29%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (11%)
Source: 1998, Forensic Medicine Organization
No
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Alcohol consumption prohibited by law.
2008, Traffic Police, 20–25% drivers, 3–4% passengers.
2007, Traffic Police.
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
Yes
Yes
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
E
BL
VEHICLE STANDARDS
V
TA
O
AN
A
AIL
T
DA
Yes
Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Yes
Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
116
REGISTERED VEHICLES
17 000 000 total (2008)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
48%
37%
<1%
5%
<1%
9%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education.
IRAQ
Population: 28 993 374
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $1 646
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Supreme Council Road Safety
No
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
No (subnational)
n/a
n/a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2005)
1 789b (83% males, 17% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2005)
7 467c
Costing study available
No
b
c
Central Organization for Statistics and Information Technology and Police
Statistics, defined as died within 7 days of the crash, excludes Kurdistan
region.
Central Organization for Statistics and Information Technology and Police
Statistics, excludes Kurdistan region.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
100 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.08 g/dl
No
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
OT
Child restraints law
a
Enforcement
No
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
A
AIL
AV
DA
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
35
25
20
20
15
10
5
0
No
No
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Year
Source: Central Organization for Statistics and Information Technology, data since 1990
exclude Kurdistan region
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
N
TA
No
n/a
n/a
—
n/a
Yes
Yes
—
8
E
BL
5
Motorcycle helmet law
a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
5
Deaths per 100 000 population
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
No
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
117
2 242 269 total (2006)
Motorcars
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
35%
53%
7%
5%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
IRELAND
Population: 4 300 902
Income group: High
Gross national income per capita: $48 140
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Road Safety Authority
Yes
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
Yes
Yes
—
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
365d (72% males, 27% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
8 575e
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
d
e
Road Safety Authority data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Road Safety Authority data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
50 km/h
No consensus
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes
Yes
—
—
No consensus
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Enforcementa
b
c
Yes
No consensus
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Based on Bedford D, McKeown N, Vellinga A, Howell F (2006) “Alcohol in fatal road crashes in Ireland in
2003” – Population Health Directorate, Health Service Executive.
2006, Road Safety Authority Seat Belt Wearing Survey.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes
Yes
Cyclists (3%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (8%)
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
Passengers
4-wheelers (22%)
Source: “Road Safety Authority, Road Collision Facts Ireland 2006”
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Year
Source: “Road Safety Authority, Road Collision Facts Ireland 2006”
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
— Data not available.
Drivers 4-wheelers
(40%)
Pedestrians (20%)
Yes
Yes
86% Front, 63% Rearc
No consensus
Child restraints law
a
Other (8%)
Number of road traffic deaths
Seat-belt law
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.08 g/dl
Yes
37%b
No consensus
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes
Yes
118
REGISTERED VEHICLES
2 444 159 total (2006)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
76%
2%
16%
2%
<1%
4%
Data cleared by the Department of Transport.
ISRAEL
Population: 6 927 677
Income group: High
Gross national income per capita: $21 900
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
National Road Safety Authority
Yes
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
398e (75% males, 25% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
2 079f
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
e
f
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
5
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.05 g/dl
Yes
8%b
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Yes
Yes
No
95%c
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
9
Enforcementa
b
c
d
Passengers
4-wheelers (27%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (9%)
Yes
Yes
94% Drivers, 88% Front passengers, 45% Reard
Source: Central Bureau of Statistics, Israeli Police
8
Child restraints law
a
Drivers 4-wheelers
(31%)
Cyclists (2%)
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes
800
5
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, Israeli Police.
2006, Observational study conducted by the National Road Safety Authority, drivers and passengers.
2007, Observational study conducted by the National Road Safety Authority.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
Number of road traffic deaths
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Pedestrians (32%)
6
Motorcycle helmet law
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
1972
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes
Yes
1977
1982
1987
1992
1997
2002
2007
Year
Source: Central Bureau of Statistics, Israeli Police
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No (subnational)
Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
Yes
Yes
119
REGISTERED VEHICLES
2 283 634 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
78%
4%
14%
2%
1%
1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
ITALY
Population: 58 876 834
Income group: High
Gross national income per capita: $33 540
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
General Directorate for Road Safety
Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
5 669d (77% males, 23% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
332 995e
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
d
e
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
7
Motorcycle helmet law
7
Drivers 4-wheelers
(32%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (26%)
Passengers
4-wheelers (17%)
Yes
Yes
65% Front, 10% Rearc
Enforcementa
Source: ISTAT (National Statistics Office) and ACI (Automobile Club d’Italia)
7
Yes
7
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Some exceptions.
2007, SISTEMA ULISSE Monitoraggio Nazionale sull’uso dei dispositivi di sicurezza.
8 000
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
Yes
Yes
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes
Yes
Number of road traffic deaths
Child restraints law
b
c
Pedestrians (13%)
Cyclists (6%)
Yes
Yesb
Yes
60%c
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
a
Other (6%)
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.05 g/dl
Yes
No consensus
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
7
Drink–driving law
Seat-belt law
ISTAT (National Statistics Office) and ACI (Automobile Club d’Italia) data,
defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
ISTAT and ACI data.
7 000
6 000
5 000
4 000
3 000
2 000
1 000
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Year
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
Source: ISTAT (National Statistics Office) and ACI (Automobile Club d’Italia)
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Yes
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
Yes
Yes
120
43 262 992 total (2008)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Trucks
Buses
83%
13%
3%
<1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
JAMAICA
Population: 2 713 779
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $3 710
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
National Road Safety Council
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
350c (80% males, 20% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
14 069d
Costing study available
No
c
c
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
3
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.08 g/dl
No
—
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
2
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Yes
Yes
Yes
7% Drivers, 6% Passengersb
3
Enforcementa
b
Cyclists (8%)
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
No
Yes
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No
No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
Year
Yes
Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
Source: 2007, Police Traffic Headquarters, Jamaica Constabulary Force
Yes
VEHICLE STANDARDS
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Passsengers
4-wheelers (29%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (9%)
4
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2000, Healthy Lifestyle Survey.
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Pedestrians (31%)
Yes
Yes
69% Drivers, 62% Passengersb
5
Child restraints law
a
Drivers 4-wheelers
(23%)
Deaths per 100 000 population
Motorcycle helmet law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Source: Jamaica Constabulary Force
REGISTERED VEHICLES
No
n/a
121
320 000 total (2007)
Registered vehicle types: data not available
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
JAPAN
Population: 127 966 709
Income group: High
Gross national income per capita: $37 670
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Central Traffic Safety Policy Council
Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
6 639f (68% males, 32% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
1 034 445g
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
f
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementb
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementb
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementb
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementb
Child restraints law
Enforcementb
a
b
c
d
g
Yes
Yes
n/aa
No consensus
Yes
0.03 g/dl
0.03 g/dl
Yes
8%c
No consensus
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
No consensus
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Passengers
4-wheelers (9%)
Cyclists (13%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (18%)
Yes
Yes
95%–99% Driversd
No consensus
Yes
No consensus
Different system of road classification used.
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, Police data.
2007, National Police Agency/Japan Automobile Foundation.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Source: 2006, Police data
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
25
20
15
10
5
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
0
Yes
Yes
1971
1991
1996
2001
2006
REGISTERED VEHICLES
No consensus
Yes
Some irregular or informal safety checks are conducted.
POST-CRASH CARE
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
1986
Noe
Noe
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
1981
Source: Vital Statistics compiled by Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
e
1976
Year
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Drivers 4-wheelers
(28%)
Pedestrians (32%)
Deaths per 100 000 population
Speed limits set nationally
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Vital statistics
data (2006): 8 195 deaths, defined using International Classification of
Diseases (ICD) codes.
Police data.
Yes
Yes
122
91 378 636 total (2006h & 2008i)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Trucks
Buses
Other
h
i
63%
14%
18%
<1%
5%
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (data on motor-driven
cycles and small-sized special motor vehicles).
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism.
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.
JORDAN
Population: 5 924 245
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $2 850
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Road Safety Council
No
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
992d (80% males, 20% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yesa
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
17 969e
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
Not formally endorsed by government.
d
e
Public Security Directorate/Jordan Traffic Institute data, defined as died
within 30 days of the crash.
Public Security Directorate/Jordan Traffic Institute data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
50–80 km/h
6
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementb
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementb
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.08 g/dl
—
—
Source: Country questionnaire
Yes
No
65% Drivers, 10% Front passengersc
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2006, Jordan Traffic Institute.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1989
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Deaths per 100 000 population
5
Enforcementb
c
Passengers
4-wheelers (39%)
4
Child restraints law
b
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(<1%)
Yes
Yes
No
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementb
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementb
Drivers 4-wheelers
(36%)
Pedestrians (25%)
3
Motorcycle helmet law
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
No
No
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
Year
Source: Country questionnaire
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
123
841 933 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
65%
<1%
12%
18%
2%
3%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
a
KAZAKHSTAN
a
Questionnaire completed by National Data Coordinator (no consensus meeting).
Population: 15 421 861
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $5 060
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Road Police Department
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
4 365d (78% males, 22% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
32 988e
Costing study available
—
d
e
Ministry of Internal Affairs, Health Ministry and Statistics Agency, defined
as died within 7 days of the crash.
Health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
5
Drink–driving law
Yes
Noneb
Noneb
Yes
3%c
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Yes
Yes
No
—
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
b
c
Unspecified (84%)
5
Seat-belt law
a
Pedestrians (16%)
10
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Source: 2007, Ministry of Internal Affairs
Yes
Yes
—
7
Yes
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
7
Enforcement score represents professional opinion of NDC, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not
effective and 10 is highly effective.
Drink–driving not defined by BAC limit.
2007, Ministry of Internal Affairs.
V
TA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
E
BL
O
AN
A
AIL
T
DA
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes
Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Yes
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
Yes
Yes
124
3 105 954 total (2008)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Trucks
Buses
Non-motorized vehicles
79%
2%
13%
3%
4%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and the Traumotology and
Orthopedics Scientific Research Institute.
KENYA
Population: 37 537 716
Income group: Low
Gross national income per capita: $680
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Ministry of Transport
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
2 893c (72% males, 28% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
12 470d
Costing study available
No
c
d
Police data, defined as died at the crash scene.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
4
Drink–driving law
Drivers 4-wheelers (9%)
Yes
Noneb
Noneb
No
—
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
2
Motorcycle helmet law
Passengers
4-wheelers
(33%)
Pedestrians (47%)
No
n/a
n/a
—
n/a
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (1%)
Cyclists (9%)
Seat-belt law
Yes
Yes
—
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
a
b
Source: 2007, Traffic Police
3
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Drink–driving not defined by BAC limit.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
No
No
3 500
3 000
2 500
2 000
1 500
1 000
500
0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No
n/a
Number of road traffic deaths
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
1970
Yes
No
1974
1978
1982
1986
1990
1994
1998
2002
2006
Year
Source: Kenya Traffic Police Department
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
No
n/a
1 004 243 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
125
56%
18%
11%
10%
2%
3%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation.
KIRIBATI
Population: 95 067
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $1 170
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Kiribati Police Service
No
Funded in national budget
Yes
Yes
No
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
7c (84% males, 16% females)d
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries
—
Costing study available
No
c
d
Police data, defined as died within 7 days of the crash.
1999–2006, health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
40 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
2
No
n/a
n/a
—
n/a
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Seat-belt law
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(44%)
Passengers
4-wheelers (13%)
Source: 2007, Emergency Accident Record Book, Ministry of Health and Medical Services
Yes
Yes
—
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
1
Child restraints law
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes
0
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2003–2008, Kiribati Police Service.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Yes
Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
18
Number of road traffic deaths
b
Drivers 4-wheelers
(38%)
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.08 g/dl
Yes
30%b
Motorcycle helmet law
a
Pedestrians (6%)
6
Drink–driving law
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year
Source: Kiribati Police Service, data for South Tarawa,
Betio and referral cases from other islands
No
No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
126
16 000 total (2008)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
60%
13%
22%
5%
1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and Medical Services.
KUWAIT
Population: 2 851 144
Income group: High
Gross national income per capita: $40 114
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
No
n/a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
482c (62% males, 38% females)
No
n/a
n/a
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
8 584d
Costing study available
No
c
d
Health data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
45 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
6
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.0 g/dlb
0.0 g/dlb
Yes
—
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Yes
Yes
No
—
DA
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
3
Enforcementa
b
AV
Yes
No
—
Child restraints law
a
OT
N
TA
A
AIL
3
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
E
BL
9
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
No
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Alcohol consumption prohibited by law.
E
BL
V
TA
O
AN
A
AIL
T
DA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No
No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
127
1 364 790 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
55%
<1%
35%
7%
2%
<1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
KYRGYZSTAN
Population: 5 316 543
Income group: Low
Gross national income per capita: $590
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Commission of Traffic Accident Prevention
to the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic
No
Multiple
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
1 252c
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
6 223d
Costing study available
No
c
d
Health and Ministry of Internal Affairs data, defined as died within 1 year
of the crash.
Health and Ministry of Internal Affairs data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
7
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Pedestrians (43%)
Yes
Yes
No
—
7
Seat-belt law
Yes
No
—
5
Child restraints law
Enforcementb
b
Drivers (23%)
4
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
a
Other (1%)
Yes
Noneb
Noneb
Yes
—
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Passengers (32%)
Cyclists (1%)
Source: 2007, Central Administration of Road Safety to the Ministry of Internal Affairs
of the Kyrgyz Republic and the Republican Medical Information Center to the Ministry of
Public Health of the Kyrgyz Republic
No
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Drink–driving not defined by BAC limit.
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
YEAR
NUMBER OF
DEATHS
2006
2007
1 051
1 252
Yes
Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes
Yes
128
318 581 total (2007)
Registered vehicle types: data not available
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and the Executive Director of
Road Safety Under the Kyrgyz Government.
LAO PEOPLE’S
DEMOCRATIC
REPUBLIC
Population: 5 859 393
Income group: Low
Gross national income per capita: $580
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Ministry of Public Works and Transport
No
Yes
Yes
No
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
608f
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
8 714g
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
f
g
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
40 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
5
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.08 g/dl
Yes
48%b
Enforcementa
Yes
Yes
—
n/ae
DA
450
No
n/a
VEHICLE STANDARDS
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
Year
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
400
0
No car manufacturers
Yes
Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
Source: Ministry of Communication, Transport, Post and Construction
REGISTERED VEHICLES
No
Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
A
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2000–2007, Police data.
Some exceptions.
2007, Handicap International Belgium, survey conducted in Vientiane.
Law not yet enforced.
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
IL
VA
6
Child restraints law
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
OT
N
TA
Yes
Yesc
No
77% Drivers, 87% Passengersd
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
b
c
d
e
LE
AB
3
Seat-belt law
a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Number of road traffic deaths
Motorcycle helmet law
Police data, defined as died within 7 days of the crash.
Police data.
No
n/a
129
641 081 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
2%
79%
14%
3%
1%
2%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Public Health.
LATVIA
Population: 2 277 040
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $9 930
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Road Traffic Safety Council
Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
407e (76% males, 24% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
5 404f
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
e
f
Road Safety Directorate data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Road Safety Directorate data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
7
Drink–driving law
Yes
Yes
No
93%c
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
6
b
c
d
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (4%)
Source: 2006, Road Safety Directorate, “Statistics of Road Traffic Accidents in Latvia 2007”
7
Yes
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
6
40
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2006, “Statistics of road accidents in Latvia,” Road Traffic Safety Directorate.
2006, research by Road Traffic Research, LTD. Drivers and passengers of motorcycles in Riga and Riga
region.
2006, Observational studies by Road Traffic Research, LTD and Data Serviss, LTD.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
Deaths per 100 000 population
Enforcementa
Passengers
4-wheelers (19%)
Cyclists (8%)
Yes
Yes
77% Front, 32% Reard
Child restraints law
a
Pedestrians (37%)
7
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Drivers 4-wheelers
(31%)
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.02 g/dl
Yes
21%b
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
1986
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes
Yes
1991
1996
2001
2006
Year
Source: Road Safety Directorate
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No (subnational)
No (subnational)
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
Yes
Yes
1 062 935 total (2006)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Trucks
Buses
Other
77%
4%
11%
1%
7%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
130
LEBANON
Population: 4 099 115
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $5 770
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
No
n/a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
497d (80% males, 20% females)
Yesa
n/a
n/a
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Funded in national budget
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
a
6 266e
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
Not formally endorsed by government.
d
e
Internal Security Forces data, defined as died within 7 days of the crash.
Internal Security Forces data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
100 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementb
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.05 g/dl
Yes
—
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementb
1
V
O
AN
2
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementb
Yes
No
15%c
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
4
Child restraints law
Enforcementb
c
A
AIL
T
DA
Yes
Yes
No
—
Seat-belt law
b
E
BL
TA
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementb
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
4
No
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, Internal Security Forces.
LE
AB
OT
N
TA
IL
VA
A
DA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes
No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No
n/a
1 400 000f total (2007)
Registered vehicle types: data not available
f
Estimation by consensus group.
Data cleared by the Ministry of Public Health.
131
LESOTHO
Population: 2 007 833
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $1 000
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Road Safety Department
Yes
Yesa
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
402c (52% males, 15% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
2 427d
Costing study available
Yes (deaths only)
Not formally endorsed by government.
c
d
Road Safety Department data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementb
Drivers 4-wheelers (4%)
5
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementb
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (<1%)
5
Yes
Yes
No
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementb
Unspecified
(49%)
Pedestrians (34%)
6
Seat-belt law
Yes
No
—
Source: “Lesotho Road Accident Statistical Report 2007,” Road Safety Department
5
Child restraints law
Enforcementb
No
n/a
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
500
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
—
Yes
Number of road traffic deaths
b
Passengers
4-wheelers (13%)
Yes
0.10 g/dl
0.10 g/dl
Yes
—
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementb
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
400
300
200
100
0
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
No
Year
Source: “Lesotho Road Accident Statistical Report 2007,” Road Safety Department
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No
n/a
132
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Data not available
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare.
LIBERIA
Population: 3 750 261
Income group: Low
Gross national income per capita: $150
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
No
n/a
Reported road traffic fatalities
No
n/a
n/a
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries
—
—
Costing study available
No
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
40 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
2
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.05 g/dl
Yes
—
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
No
Yes
No
—
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
T
DA
Nob
No
—
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
5
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
b
V
O
AN
2
Seat-belt law
a
A
AIL
TA
b
E
BL
3
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
No
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
No laws but national regulations enforced by Liberia National Police.
E
BL
V
TA
O
AN
A
AIL
T
DA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No
No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No
n/a
133
11 086 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
67%
3%
18%
7%
5%
<1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare.
LIBYAN ARAB
JAMAHIRIYA (the)
Population: 6 160 483
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $9 010
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
No
n/a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
No
n/a
n/a
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
2 138d (65% males, 35% females)
6 850e
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
d
e
General Traffic Department data, defined as died within 30 days of the
crash.
General Traffic Department data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
3
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.0 g/dlb
0.0 g/dlb
No
2%c
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Yes
No
No
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Passengers
4-wheelers
(28%)
Cyclists (5%)
Source: 2008, General Traffic Department
Yes
Yes
5%c
4
Child restraints law
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No
n/a
Enforcementa
b
c
Pedestrians
(15%)
7
Seat-belt law
a
Drivers 4-wheelers
(32%)
Unspecified (20%)
5
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
2 500
Number of road traffic deaths
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Alcohol consumption prohibited by law.
2007, General Traffic Department.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
2 000
1 500
1 000
500
0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
1995
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No
No
1997
1999
2001
2005
2007
Source: General Traffic Department
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
2003
Year
No
No (subnational)
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
No
134
1 826 533 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
76%
2%
12%
5%
5%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and Environment.
LITHUANIA
Population: 3 389 937
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $9 920
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
State Traffic Safety Commission
No
759c (72% males, 26% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
8 254d
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
c
d
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Yes
0.04 g/dl
0.02 g/dl
Yes
12%b
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Yes
Yes
No
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
6
Seat-belt law
Cyclists (7%)
Passengers
4-wheelers (26%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (5%)
Source: 2006, Police Department (Ministry of Interior)
6
Child restraints law
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes
35
Deaths per 100 000 population
5
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2006, Police Department (Ministry of Interior).
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes
Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Pedestrians (32%)
Yes
Yes
—
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
b
Drivers 4-wheelers (28%)
6
Motorcycle helmet law
a
Other (3%)
6
Drink–driving law
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
1986
1991
1996
2001
2006
Year
Source: Police Department (Ministry of Interior)
Yes
No (subnational)
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
Yes
Yes
135
1 781 686 total (2006)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Trucks
Buses
Other
89%
1%
8%
1%
1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
MADAGASCAR
Population: 19 683 358
Income group: Low
Gross national income per capita: $320
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
No
n/a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
Yes
Yes
No
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
550b
5 190c
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
b
c
Police data, defined as died within 7 days of the crash.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
50 km/h
—
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.08 g/dl
Yes
—
Yes
—
Yes
—
Yes
No
—
6
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
a
A
AIL
V
TA
O
AN
T
DA
6
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
E
BL
5
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No
n/a
E
BL
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
V
TA
O
AN
A
AIL
T
VEHICLE STANDARDS
DA
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No
No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No
n/a
136
197 981 total (2006)
Motorcars
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
52%
23%
16%
9%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
MALAWI
Population: 13 925 070
Income group: Low
Gross national income per capita: $250
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
National Road Safety Council
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
839c (80% males, 20% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
2 130d
Costing study available
No
c
d
Malawi Traffic Police and Road Safety Council data, defined as died within
30 days of the crash.
Malawi Traffic Police & Road Safety Council data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.08 g/dl
Yes
—
7
Seat-belt law
Pedestrians (45%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(1%)
Cyclists (18%)
Yes
No
45%b
Source: 2007, National Road Council/ Malawi Traffic Police
6
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
b
Passengers
4-wheelers (28%)
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
a
Drivers 4-wheelers (8%)
4
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Other (<1%)
5
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
No
n/a
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Data source not available.
OT
No car manufacturers
N
TA
A
DA
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
LE
AB
IL
VA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Yes
Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No
n/a
137
130 000 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
41%
8%
30%
16%
5%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
MALAYSIA
Population: 26 571 879
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $6 540
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Cabinet Committee on Road Safety
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
6 282e (84% males, 16% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
21 363f
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
e
f
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
6
Drink–driving law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Cyclists (3%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(58%)
6
Yes
No
70% Frontd
Source: 2007, Royal Malaysian Police
6
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
b
c
d
Passengers
4-wheelers
(10%)
Yes
Yesb
Yes
90% Drivers, 70% Passengersc
Seat-belt law
a
Drivers 4-wheelers (13%)
Pedestrians (10%)
No
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Some exceptions.
2007, Malaysian Institute on Road Safety Research.
2003, International Association of Traffic and Safety Sciences Research Vol 28 No. 1 (published 2004).
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
Yes
Yes
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1994
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Deaths per 100 000 population
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Other (6%)
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.08 g/dl
Yes
—
6
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Motorcycle helmet law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes
Yes
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
Year
Source: Road Safety Department Malaysia
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Yes
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
138
16 825 150 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Trucks
Other
45%
47%
5%
3%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Transport.
MALDIVES
Population: 305 556
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $3 200
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Road Traffic Police of Maldives Police Service
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
8b (88% males, 12% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries
—
Costing study available
No
b
Police data, defined as died at the scene of the crash.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
30 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
5
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
n/a
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (75%)
Cyclists (25%)
No
n/a
n/a
—
n/a
No
n/a
—
n/a
Source: 2007, Maldives Police Service
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
LE
AB
OT
VEHICLE STANDARDS
N
TA
IL
VA
A
DA
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No
No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No
n/a
139
33 807 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Other
8%
79%
7%
1%
5%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
MALI
Population: 12 336 799
Income group: Low
Gross national income per capita: $500
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
National Directorate for Land, Sea and River Transport
Funded in national budget
Yes
Lead agency
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
659c
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
—
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
c
Police and Health data, defined as died within 7 days of the crash.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drink–driving law
Yes
Noneb
Noneb
Yes
—
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
OT
Yes
2
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Drink–driving not defined by BAC limit.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2003 2004 2005
Yes
Yes
Yeard
d
Data for 2002 not provided
Source: Direction de la Régulation de la Circulation et des Transports Urbains
du District de Bamako, data for Bamako district only
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
5
Number of road traffic deaths
b
AV
DA
Yes
Yes
—
Child restraints law
Enforcement
A
AIL
2
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
a
N
TA
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Seat-belt law
a
E
BL
3
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
4
No
No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
Yes
Yes
140
167 245 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Other
52%
6%
9%
7%
26%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Equipment and Transport.
MALTA
Population: 406 582
Income group: High
Gross national income per capita: $14 575
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Malta Transport Authority
Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
14c (79% males, 21% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Multiple
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
1 195d
Costing study available
No
c
d
Police data (defined as died within 30 days of the crash) and Health data
(using ICD-10 codes).
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
5
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.08 g/dl
No
—
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Yes
Yes
No
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (29%)
Source: 2007, Malta Police, published by the National Statistics Office
Yes
Yes
96% Front, 21% Rearb
Enforcementa
b
Passengers
4-wheelers
(7%)
9
8
Child restraints law
a
Pedestrians (36%)
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes
30
6
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2006, Malta Transport Authority survey.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
No
No
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Number of road traffic deaths
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Drivers 4-wheelers
(29%)
4
Motorcycle helmet law
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
25
20
15
10
5
0
1987
No
No
1992
1997
2002
2007
Year
Source: Country questionnaire
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes
Yes
346 118 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
141
76%
6%
<1%
17%
<1%
1%
Data cleared by the Parliamentary Secretary for Health.
MARSHALL ISLANDS
Population: 59 286
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $3 070
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Department of Public Safety
Yes
Yesa
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
1f (male)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
35g
Costing study available
No
Not formally endorsed by government.
f
g
Police data, defined as died within 24 hours of the crash.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
40 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementb
5
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementb
Yes
Nonec
Nonec
Yes
70%d
6
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementb
No
n/a
5% Front, 0% Reard
n/a
Enforcementb
c
d
e
DEATHS
1 driver of 4-wheeled vehicle
7
Child restraints law
b
YEAR
2007
Yes
Yese
No
95%d
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementb
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No
n/a
V
TA
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Drink–driving not defined by BAC limit.
Police estimate for average year.
Some exceptions.
E
BL
O
AN
A
AIL
T
DA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No
No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes
Yes
2 487 total (2006)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
142
63%
1%
27%
4%
2%
3%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
MAURITANIA
Population: 3 123 813
Income group: Low
Gross national income per capita: $840
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Department of Road Safety
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
202d
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
7 838e
Costing study available
No
d
e
Police data, defined as died at the crash scene.
Police data supplemented with a study (not referenced).
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
80 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
4
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.0 g/dlb
0.0 g/dlb
—
—
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
5
Motorcycle helmet law
1
b
c
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Alcohol consumption prohibited by law.
Estimation by consensus group.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Yes
Yes
150
100
50
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Year
Source: Direction des Transports et de la sécurité routière
No
No
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
200
0
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
250
1
Number of road traffic deaths
a
T
DA
Yes
Yes
—
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
O
AN
4
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
V
TA
Yes
Yes
No
50% Driversc
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
E
BL
A
AIL
REGISTERED VEHICLES
No
n/a
143
350 000 total (2007)
Registered vehicle types: data not available
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs.
MAURITIUS
Population: 1 261 641
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $5 450
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Traffic Management and Road Safety Unit
Yes
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yesa
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
140e (86% males, 14% females)
2 915f
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
Not formally endorsed by government.
e
f
Central Statistics Office data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Central Statistics Office data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementb
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementb
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(36%)
Cyclists (9%)
9
Source: 2007, Traffic Management and Road Safety Unit and the Police Road Safety Unit
Yes
Yes
94% Front, 10% Reard
Enforcementb
8
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, Forensic Science Laboratory.
2004, Survey conducted by the Traffic Management and Road Safety Unit.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
16
Deaths per 100 000 population
Child restraints law
c
d
Passengers
4-wheelers
(14%)
5
Motorcycle helmet law
b
Pedestrians (29%)
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.05 g/dl
Yes
24%c
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementb
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementb
Drivers 4-wheelers (11%)
4
Drink–driving law
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes
No
40–80 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
1998
Yes
Yes
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year
Source: “Road Transport and Road Traffic Accident Statistics, 2007”
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes
Yes
334 125 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Non-motorized vehicles
Other
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
43%
43%
7%
5%
1%
<1%
<1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and Quality of Life.
144
MEXICO
Population: 106 534 880
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $8 340
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
National Council of Injury Prevention (CONAPRA)
Funded in national budget
Yes
Lead agency
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
17 003c (78% males, 22% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
603 541d
Costing study available
No
c
d
National Institute of Statistics Geography and Information data, defined
as died at the crash scene.
Health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
40–80 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
4
Other (1%)
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Yes
n/ab
n/ab
Yes
—
3
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
3
Seat-belt law
Yes
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
1
6 000
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
BAC limits are set at the subnational level (0.08 g/dl in the Federal District and most cities).
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
Yes
Yes
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Number of road traffic deaths
b
Source: 2006, National Institute of Statistics Geography and Information
5
Child restraints law
a
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (6%)
Yes
Yes
—
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Occupants 4-wheelers
(68%)
Pedestrians (21%)
Cyclists (4%)
Motorcycle helmet law
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
5 000
4 000
3 000
2 000
1 000
0
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No
Yes
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Year
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Source: Vital Statistics
No (subnational)
No (subnational)
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
No
24 970 879 total (2006)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Trucks
Buses
66%
3%
30%
1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
145
MICRONESIA
(Federated States of)
Population: 111 117
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $2 470
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
No
n/a
Funded in national budget
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
No (subnational)
n/a
n/a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
1–2d
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries
50e
Costing study available
No
d
e
Police data, defined as died within 24 hours of the crash.
Police, estimate for an average year.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
No (subnationally)
n/a
n/a
n/a
No (subnational)
n/a
n/a
n/a
90%b
n/a
No (subnational)
n/a
n/a
100%b
n/a
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
No
n/a
Enforcementa
b
c
Police estimate that
10% of road traffic deaths are
pedestrians, 30% are drivers
of motorcars, and 60% are
passengers in motorcars.
No
n/a
10%c
n/a
Child restraints law
a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Source: Country questionnaire
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, Police and Transport data.
Police estimate for average year.
E
BL
V
TA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
O
AN
A
AIL
T
DA
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes
No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
No
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No
n/a
146
REGISTERED VEHICLES
4 217 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
42%
<1%
48%
3%
4%
3%
Data cleared by the Department of Health and Social Affairs.
MONGOLIA
Population: 2 628 840
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $1 290
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
National Committee of Road Safety
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
562d (84% males, 16% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
932e
Costing study available
No
d
e
Health data, time period not specified in definition.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.05 g/dl
Yes
4%b
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
6
Motorcycle helmet law
Occupants
4-wheelers (65%)
Source: 2007, National Center for Health Development, Ministry of Health
Yes
Yes
70–80% Driversc
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
7
Child restraints law
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes
2
25
Deaths per 100 000 population
c
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(17%)
3
Seat-belt law
b
Pedestrians (18%)
Yes
Yes
No
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
a
Cyclists (<1%)
4
Drink–driving law
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007 Police data, proportion of road traffic deaths involving drunk drivers.
2008, Police estimate, 10–20% front-seat passengers, 5–10% rear-seat passengers.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
20
15
10
5
No car manufacturers
0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
2002
Yes
Yes
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year
Source: National Center for Health Development, Ministry of Health
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Yes
Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
147
REGISTERED VEHICLES
161 989 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Non-motorized vehicles
68%
1%
2%
21%
8%
<1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
MONTENEGRO
Population: 597 983
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $5 180
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
No
n/a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
No
n/a
n/a
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
122b (82% males, 18% females)
2 796c
Costing study available
No
b
c
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Yes
Yes
50 km/h
6
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.05 g/dl
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
No
—
Source: 2007, Police Directorate, Department for Road Safety Surveillance and Control
6
Enforcementa
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes
Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Passengers
4-wheelers (27%)
Yes
Yes
—
Child restraints law
a
Drivers 4-wheelers
(48%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(4%)
6
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Pedestrians (20%)
6
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Number of road traffic deaths
Speed limits set nationally
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year
Source: Police Directorate, Department for Road Safety Surveillance and Control
No
No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
148
199 014 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
90%
2%
<1%
6%
<1%
2%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Social Welfare.
MOROCCO
Population: 31 224 137
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $2 250
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Interministerial Committee of Road Safety
No
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
3 838e (81% males, 18% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
89 264f
Costing study available
No
e
f
Transport data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Transport data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
5
Nob
n/a
n/a
n/a
3%c
n/a
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes
No
Yes
67% Driversd
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Yes
Yes
75% Front, 19% Reard
Enforcementa
b
c
d
Drivers 4-wheelers (16%)
Pedestrians (28%)
Passengers
4-wheelers (30%)
Cyclists (7%)
4
Child restraints law
a
Other (3%)
No
n/a
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
16
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
No
Yes
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Source: 2007, National Road Administration
8
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Alcohol consumption is prohibited.
2007, National Road Administration, Ministry of Equipment and Transport.
2007, National Committee of Prevention from Traffic Accidents, urban areas only.
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (16%)
Deaths per 100 000 population
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1974
No
Yes
1979
1984
1989
1994
1999
2004
Year
Source: National Road Administration, and National Statistic Administration
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes
Yes
2 284 060 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Trucks
Buses
Other
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
149
72%
1%
23%
1%
3%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
MOZAMBIQUE
Population: 21 396 916
Income group: Low
Gross national income per capita: $320
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
National Institute of Traffic
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
1 502b (74% males, 26% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
7 065c
Costing study available
No
b
c
Police data, defined as died within 24 hours of the crash.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
60 km/h
9
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Yes
0.06 g/dl
0.06 g/dl
Yes
—
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
a
Drivers 4-wheelers
(18%)
Pedestrians (68%)
Passengers
4-wheelers
(14%)
7
Yes
Yes
No
—
Source: 2007, Ministry of Interior
7
Yes
No
—
—
No
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
1 400
Number of road traffic deaths
Speed limits set nationally
1 200
1 000
800
600
400
200
0
Yes
No
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Year
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Source: Ministry of Interior
No
No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No
n/a
150
258 680 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Trucks
Other
60%
15%
22%
3%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
MYANMAR
Population: 48 798 212
Income group: Low
Gross national income per capita: $281
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Traffic Rules Enforcement Supervisory Committee
Funded in national budget
No
Lead agency
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
1 638d (75% males, 25% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
12 358e
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
d
e
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
40 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
5
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Other (2%)
Yes
0.07 g/dl
0.07 g/dl
Yes
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Yes
Yesb
Yes
60%c
6
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
b
c
Drivers 4-wheelers (14%)
Pedestrians (30%)
Passengers
4-wheelers
(33%)
5
Motorcycle helmet law
a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (10%)
—
—
—
—
Source: 2007, Road Traffic Administration Department
—
—
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
1 800
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Some exceptions.
2007, Road Transport Administration Department.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
Yes
No
1 600
1 400
1 200
1 000
800
600
400
200
0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Cyclists (12%)
Number of road traffic deaths
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Police, Transport and Health data, defined as died within 30 days of the
crash.
Police and Transport data.
1998
Yes
Yes
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year
Source: Country questionnaire
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Yes
Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
No
151
REGISTERED VEHICLES
1 045 105 total (2008)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
26%
65%
2%
3%
2%
2%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
NAMIBIA
Population: 2 074 146
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $3 360
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
National Road Safety Council
Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
368c
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
No
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
6 137d
Costing study available
No
c
d
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
4
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.08 g/dl
Yes
—
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
8
Yes
Yes
55% Front, 1% Rearb
a
b
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
6
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
T
DA
18
Yes
2
Deaths per 100 000 population
Seat-belt law
O
AN
A
AIL
V
TA
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
E
BL
5
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, study on seat belt compliance by Global Road Safety Partnership (GRSP Namibia).
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
No
Yes
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2002
2003
2004
2005
Year
No
No
Source: National Road Safety Council, “Road Collision Statistical Report 2005”
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes
Yes
239 612 total (2008)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
152
45%
2%
43%
6%
1%
2%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and Social Services and
the Ministry of Works and Transport.
NAURU
Population: 10 152
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $7 842
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Nauru Police Force
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Multiple
n/a
n/a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
1b (male)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
9c
Costing study available
No
b
c
Police and Health data, defined as died within 24 hours of the crash.
Police and Health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Yes
No
40 km/h
—
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.05 g/dl
Yes
—
—
Motorcycle helmet law
No
n/a
n/a
—
n/a
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Seat-belt law
No
n/a
—
n/a
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Child restraints law
E
BL
A
AIL
V
TA
O
AN
T
DA
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No
n/a
Enforcementa
a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
E
BL
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
V
TA
O
AN
A
AIL
T
DA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No
No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Yes
No
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
153
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Data not available
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
NEPAL
Population: 28 195 994
Income group: Low
Gross national income per capita: $340
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Ministry of Physical Planning and Works,
Department of Road
Yes
Yesa
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
962e (80% males, 20% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
2 653f
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
Not formally endorsed by government.
e
f
Police data, defined as died within 35 days of the crash.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
40 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementb
5
Drink–driving law
Yes
Nonec
Nonec
Yes
—d
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementb
Yes
No
—
4
Enforcementb
4.0
No
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Drink–driving not defined by BAC limit.
No data on deaths, but proportion of annual road traffic crashes caused by alcohol estimated at 11%.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
No car manufacturers
2001–2002 2002–2003 2003–2004 2004–2005 2005–2006 2006–2007
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Deaths per 100 000 population
Child restraints law
c
d
T
DA
9
Seat-belt law
b
O
AN
A
AIL
V
TA
Yes
Yes
No
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementb
E
BL
6
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementb
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yearg
No
No
g
Data collected by financial year
Source: Country questionnaire
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
No
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No
n/a
154
REGISTERED VEHICLES
617 305 total (2007)
Motorcars, jeeps, vans
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, pick-ups, mirobuses
Trucks, cranes
Buses
Other
14%
69%
2%
5%
3%
7%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and Population.
NETHERLANDS
Population: 16 418 824
Income group: High
Gross national income per capita: $45 820
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management
Directorate-General Passenger Transport, Road Safety Division
Funded in national budget
Yes
Lead agency
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
791f (73% males, 27% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
16 750g
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
f
g
Defined as died within 30 days of the crash, “Road Safety in the
Netherlands. Key Figures 2008.”
Transport data. Hospitalized cases.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
50 km/h
No consensus
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.02 g/dl
Yes
25%b
No consensus
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Motorcycle helmet law
c
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Yes
Yesc
Yes
92% Drivers, 72% Passengersd
No consensus
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Pedestrians (12%)
Cyclists (24%)
Enforcementa
Yes
No consensus
Passengers
4-wheelers (14%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (18%)
Yes
Yes
94% Front, 73% Reare
No consensus
Child restraints law
Drivers 4-wheelers (32%)
Source: 2007, SWOV Institute for Road Safety Research and Statistics Netherlands
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
9
b
c
d
e
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Case-control study in Tilburg police district.
Some exceptions.
Applies to mopeds only.
2006 data, “Road Safety in the Netherlands. Key Figures 2008.”
Deaths per 100 000 population
a
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
8
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
No
No
Year
Source: Statistics Netherlands/Ministry of Transport, 2007
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Yes
Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
Yes
Yes
155
REGISTERED VEHICLES
8 862 935 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Trucks
Buses
Other
82%
6%
2%
<1%
10%
Data cleared by the SWOV Institute for Road Safety Research; Ministry of
Health, Welfare and Sport; Bureau of Traffic Law Enforcement; Ministry of
Transport, Water Management and Public Works.
NEW ZEALAND
Population: 4 178 525
Income group: High
Gross national income per capita: $28 780
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Ministry of Transport
Yes
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
423d (67% males, 33% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
16 013e
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
d
e
Transport data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Transport data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes
Yesc
Yes
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Cyclists (2%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (9%)
Passengers
4-wheelers (28%)
Yes
Yes
95% Front, 87% Rearb
Enforcement
9
Yes
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
8
14
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, Transport data.
Some exceptions.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Source: 2007, Ministry of Transport
Deaths per 100 000 population
a
b
c
Drivers 4-wheelers
(48%)
9
Child restraints law
a
Pedestrians (10%)
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.03 g/dl
Yes
31%b
6
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Other (3%)
7
Drink–driving law
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Yes
Yes
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year
Source: Country questionnaire
Yes
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
Yes
Yes
156
3 189 131 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Buses
Trucks
82%
3%
1%
15%
Data cleared by the National Road Safety Management Group.
NICARAGUA
Population: 5 603 190
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $980
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
National Police, Special Traffic Safety Unit
Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
522c (78% males, 22% females)d
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
4 614e
Costing study available
—
c
d
e
Police data, definition not specified.
2006 Police data.
Police and Health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
3
Drivers 4-wheelers (44%)
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.05 g/dl
Yes
12%b
3
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Yes
—
No
—
Source: National Police, Statistical Yearbook 2007
5
Child restraints law
b
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (13%)
Yes
No
—
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
a
Cyclists (8%)
3
Seat-belt law
Enforcementa
Pedestrians (35%)
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes
3
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
National Police, year not specified.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
12
Deaths per 100 000 population
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes
Yes
45 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
10
8
6
4
2
0
Yes
Yes
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Year
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Source: National Police
Yes
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
Yes
Yes
157
382 707 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
31%
16%
39%
8%
2%
4%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
NIGER
Population: 14 225 521
Income group: Low
Gross national income per capita: $280
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
National Road Safety Commission
No
Multiple
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
528d (72% males, 28% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
9 094e
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
d
e
Police data, defined as died within 7 days of the crash.
Police data from urban areas.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
2
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Yes
Noneb
Noneb
No
1%c
Drivers (20%)
Pedestrians (33%)
3
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes
Yes
No
—
Passengers
(47%)
1
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Source: 2007, Ministry of Transport
No
n/a
—
n/a
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcementa
a
b
c
No
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Drink–driving not defined by BAC limit.
2007, Ministry of Transport.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
450
Number of road traffic deaths
Child restraints law
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
No
Yes
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year
Source: Country questionnaire
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
158
76 061 total (2005)
Motorcars
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
76%
15%
1%
3%
4%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation.
NIGERIA
Population: 148 092 542
Income group: Low
Gross national income per capita: $930
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Federal Road Safety Commission
No
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
4 673d (66% males, 33% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Multiple
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
17 794e
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
d
e
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
4
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
2
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.05 g/dl
Yes
<10%b
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Federal Road Safety Commission data, defined as died within 1 year of
the crash.
Federal Road Safety Commission data.
LE
AB
OT
N
TA
Yes
Yesc
Yes
<5%b
IL
VA
A
DA
2
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Yes
Yes
70% Frontb
6
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
No
n/a
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
b
c
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Source not specified.
Some exceptions.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
—
—
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Number of road traffic deaths
12 000
a
10 000
8 000
6 000
4 000
2 000
0
1971
1976
1981
1986
1991
1996
2001
Year
Yes
Yes
Source: Country questionnaire
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
No
159
7 600 000 total (2007)
Motorized 4-wheelers
Motorized 2-wheelers
Trucks
60
40
<1%
Data cleared by the Federal Ministry of Health.
NORWAY
Population: 4 698 097
Income group: High
Gross national income per capita: $76 450
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Ministry of Transport and Communications
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
233c (70% males, 30% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
11 755d
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
c
d
Statistics Norway data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Statistics Norway data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
50 km/h
6
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.02 g/dl
0.02 g/dl
Yes
20–30%b
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Yes
Yes
Yes
100% Drivers and passengersb
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
9
Drivers 4-wheelers
(47%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(17%)
Passengers
4-wheelers (20%)
Source: 2007, Statistics Norway
6
Yes
Enforcementa
b
Cyclists (3%)
Yes
Yes
93% Front, 85% Rearb
Child restraints law
a
Other (3%)
Pedestrians (10%)
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
9
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, Norwegian Public Roads Administration.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
No
Yes
9
Deaths per 100 000 population
Motorcycle helmet law
4
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
1998
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes
Yes
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2006
2007
Source: Statistics Norway
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
2005
Year
Yes
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
Yes
Yes
160
2 599 712 total (2007)
Motorcars
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
80%
16%
3%
1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and Care Services.
OMAN
Population: 2 595 133
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $11 275
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Yes
Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
798c (84% males, 16% females)
No
n/a
n/a
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
8 531d
Costing study available
No
c
d
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
120 km/h
6
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.08 g/dl
Yes
—
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Yes
No
95% Front, 1% Rearb
a
Enforcement
b
9
No
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Estimation by consensus group, based on 4% of traffic offences relating to seat-belts.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Yes
Yes
Year
Source: Directorate General of Traffic Services of the Royal Oman Police
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
A
7
Child restraints law
a
IL
VA
DA
Number of road traffic deaths
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
OT
N
TA
Yes
Yes
No
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
LE
AB
4
Motorcycle helmet law
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
No
No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
161
629 670 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
72%
1%
12%
6%
4%
6%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
PAKISTAN
Population: 163 902 405
Income group: Low
Gross national income per capita: $870
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
National Road Safety Secretariat
No
Multiple
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
5 565c
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
12 990d
Costing study available
No
c
d
Police data, defined as died at the crash scene or anytime after the
crash.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
70 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
4
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.0 g/dlb
0.0 g/dlb
Yes
—
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Yes
No
No
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
AV
DA
Yes
No
—
3
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
b
OT
N
TA
A
AIL
4
Seat-belt law
a
E
BL
4
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Alcohol consumption prohibited by law.
V
TA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
O
AN
T
DA
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
E
BL
A
AIL
No
No
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No
No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes
Yes
5 287 152 total (2006)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Unspecified
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
162
27%
51%
11%
4%
5%
2%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
PALAU
Population: 20 314
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $8 210
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Patrol Division, Ministry of Justice
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
3d (100% males)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
91e
Costing study available
No
d
e
Justice data, defined as died from injuries or complications resulting from a
crash.
Health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Speed limits set nationally
Yes
No
40 km/h
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
5
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Yes
0.10 g/dl
0.0 g/dl
Yes
100%b
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Pedestrians (1)
Yes
Yesc
Yes
—
Passengers
4-wheelers (1)
8
Seat-belt law
Source: 2007, Ministry of Justice
No
n/a
—
n/a
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Child restraints law
No
n/a
Enforcementa
b
c
Drivers 4-wheelers (1)
4
Motorcycle helmet law
a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, Country questionnaire.
Some exceptions.
E
BL
V
TA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
O
AN
A
AIL
T
DA
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes
Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Yes
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
163
5 530 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
33%
14%
24%
29%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
PANAMA
Population: 3 343 374
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $5 510
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Traffic and Ground Transport Authority
Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
425b (82% males, 18% females)c
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2005)
—
—
—
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
11 383d
Costing study available
No
b
c
d
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes
No
80 km/h
7
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.01 g/dl
0.01 g/dl
Yes
—
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Passengers
4-wheelers
(24%)
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
40
Deaths per 100 000 population
Yes
3
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Yes
Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Year
Source: Comptroller General of the Republic
No
No
POST-CRASH CARE
— Data not available.
Source: 2005, Comptroller General of the Republic
7
Child restraints law
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (1%)
Cyclists (4%)
Yes
Yes
—
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Pedestrians (46%)
9
Seat-belt law
a
Drivers 4-wheelers (25%)
Yes
Yes
No
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Enforcement
Other (<1%)
6
Motorcycle helmet law
a
Comptroller General of the Republic data, defined as died within 30 days
of the crash.
2005, Comptroller General of the Republic data.
Comptroller General of the Republic data.
Yes
No
164
REGISTERED VEHICLES
671 085 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Non-motorized vehicles
Other
65%
3%
17%
9%
3%
3%
<1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
PAPUA NEW GUINEA
Population: 6 331 010
Income group: Low
Gross national income per capita: $850
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
National Road Safety Council
No
No (subnational)
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
237d
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
1 210e
Costing study available
No
d
e
Police data, defined as died within 24 hours of the crash.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
5
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
7
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Seat-belt law
Passengers
4-wheelers (49%)
Cyclists (1%)
Yes
Yes
—
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
6
Child restraints law
Source: 2007, Motor Vehicle Insurance LTD
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No
0
250
Number of road traffic deaths
b
c
Drivers 4-wheelers (11%)
Yes
Noneb
Noneb
Yes
66%c
Motorcycle helmet law
a
Pedestrians (39%)
1
Drink–driving law
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Drink–driving not defined by BAC limit.
1988, Traffic police.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
200
150
100
50
No car manufacturers
0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
1991
No
No
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Year
Source: Traffic Directorate, Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
—
—
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
165
REGISTERED VEHICLES
59 645 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
64%
2%
1%
18%
11%
4%
Data cleared by the Department of Health and Social Affairs.
PARAGUAY
Population: 6 127 077
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $1 670
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
No
n/a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
845c (83% males, 17% females)
No
n/a
n/a
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
11 806d
Costing study available
No
c
d
Police data, time period not specified in definition.
Health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
3
Passsengers 4-wheelers (1%)
No (subnational)
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
n/a
No (subnational)
n/a
n/a
—
n/a
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
5
b
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, Journal of the Paraguayan Touring and Automobile Club. No. 103/2007, Asunción only.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Pedestrians (37%)
Source: 2006, Database of the Vital Statistics Subsystem,
Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No
No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Cyclists
(1%)
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No
n/a
Enforcementa
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(24%)
Other (35%)
Yes
Yes
31% Frontb
Child restraints law
a
Drivers 4-wheelers (2%)
Deaths per 100 000 population
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
2003
2004
2005
2006
Year
Source: Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare; National Police
(Statistics Department)
No
No (subnational)
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
No
166
576 167 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Unspecified
38%
19%
28%
8%
2%
5%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare.
PERU
Population: 27 902 760
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $3 450
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
National Council for Road Safety
Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
3 510d (78% males, 22% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes
Yes
No
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
49 857e
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
d
e
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
1
Other (1%)
Drivers 4-wheelers (8%)
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
2
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.05 g/dl
Yes
11%b
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Cyclists (3%)
1
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Yes
Yes
85% Front, 25% Rearc
No
n/a
Enforcementa
Number of road traffic deaths
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
4 000
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, National Police.
2007, National Council for Road Safety.
No
No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Source: 2007, Institute of Legal Medicine
7
Child restraints law
b
c
Pedestrians (78%)
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Seat-belt law
a
Passengers
4-wheelers (10%)
3 500
3 000
2 500
2 000
1 500
1 000
500
0
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year
Source: National Police
No
No (subnational)
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No
n/a
167
1 442 387 total (2007)
Motorcars
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
64%
23%
10%
3%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
PHILIPPINES
Population: 87 960 117
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $1 620
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Department of Transportation and Communication
Funded in national budget
No
Lead agency
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
1 185c
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
5 870d
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
c
d
Transport data, national roads only, defined as died within 30 days of the
crash.
Transport data, national roads only.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
40 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
3
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Drink–driving law
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
n/a
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Motorcycle helmet law
No (subnational)
n/a
n/a
34%b
n/a
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
3
37%
12%
51%
Source: 2006, Metro Manila Accident Reporting and Analysis System
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No
n/a
Enforcementa
b
371 Deaths total
Drivers (of mechanically propelled
vehicle or pedal cycle)
Passengers (of mechanically
propelled vehicle)
Pedestrians
Yes
Yes
52% Driversb
Child restraints law
a
ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS IN METRO MANILA,
2006
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2000, Health data, survey.
V
TA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
O
AN
T
DA
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
E
BL
A
AIL
No
No
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes
Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No (subnational)
Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
No
168
REGISTERED VEHICLES
5 515 576 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibus, van, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
17%
48%
29%
5%
1%
<1%
Data cleared by the Department of Health; the Department of Transport and
Communications; and the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority.
POLAND
Population: 38 081 971
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $9 840
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
The National Road Safety Council
Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
5 583e (76% males, 24% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
63 224f
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
e
f
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
5
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.02 g/dl
0.02 g/dl
Yes
14%b
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Yes
Yesc
Yes
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
8
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (5%)
Source: 2007, Police, Motor Transport Institute
7
Yes
Enforcementa
b
c
d
Passengers
4-wheelers (21%)
Yes
Yes
74% Front, 45% Reard
Child restraints law
a
Drivers 4-wheelers
(30%)
Cyclists (9%)
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
6
25
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, Police. BAC is measured in all fatal and injury crashes.
Some exceptions.
2006, National Road Safety Council observational study.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
No
Yes
Deaths per 100 000 population
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Pedestrians (35%)
7
Motorcycle helmet law
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
20
15
10
5
0
1975
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes
Yes
1979
1983
1987
1991
1995
1999
2003
2007
Year
Source: Country questionnaire
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Yes
No (subnational)
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
Yes
Yes
169
REGISTERED VEHICLES
18 035 047 total (2006)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Trucks
Buses
Other
75%
4%
13%
1%
7%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Infrastructure.
PORTUGAL
Population: 10 623 031
Income group: High
Gross national income per capita: $18 950
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
National Authority for Road Safety
Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
854d (81% males, 19% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
46 318e
Costing study available
No
d
e
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.05 g/dl
Yes
31%b
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
8
Motorcycle helmet law
9
Passengers
4-wheelers (19%)
Source: 2007, National Authority for Road Safety
Yes
8
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
No
Yes
30
Deaths per 100 000 population
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, National Institute of Legal Medicine.
2004, Prevenção Rodoviária Portuguesa, urban roads (2005 PRP data estimate 93% and 64% on
motorways).
25
20
15
10
5
0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
1981
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No
No
1986
1991
1996
2001
2006
Year
Source: The National Statistics Institute (INE)
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(22%)
9
Enforcementa
b
c
Drivers 4-wheelers
(35%)
Pedestrians (16%)
Yes
Yes
86% Front, 28% Rearc
Child restraints law
a
Other (4%)
Cyclists (4%)
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
8
Drink–driving law
Seat-belt law
National Authority for Road Safety data, defined as died at the crash
scene or on the way to health services.
National Authority for Road Safety data.
No (subnational)
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
Yes
Yes
170
5 948 269 total (2006)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Trucks
Buses
88%
9%
2%
<1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
PUERTO RICO
a
b
a,b
Associate WHO Member State.
Questionnaire completed by National Data Coordinator (no consensus meeting).
Population: 3 991 000
Income group: High
Gross national income per capita: $14 720
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Department of Transportation and Public Works
Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
452f (81% males, 19% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries
39 888g (July 2007–July 2008)
Multiple
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
f
g
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Automobile Accident Compensation Administration data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementc
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementc
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.0 g/dl
Yes
42%d
—
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementc
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementc
Child restraints law
Enforcementc
d
e
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
—
Pedestrians (32%)
Passengers
4-wheelers
(14%)
Cyclists (2%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (17%)
Source: 2007 Annual Report, Traffic Department, Puerto Rico Police
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes
—
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
No
No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Drivers 4-wheelers (34%)
Yes
Yes
93%e
—
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, US DOT/NHTSA Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS).
2006, US Department of Transportation/National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Other (1%)
18
Deaths per 100 000 population
c
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes
No
40 km/h
—
Speed limits set nationally
No
Yes
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year
Source: Institute of Forensic Science of Puerto Rico; Age-adjusted death rates
per 100 000 population, Puerto Rico 2000 Census population
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
171
3 165 543 total (July 2006 – July 2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Trucks
Buses
Other
90%
4%
2%
<1%
3%
Data cleared by the Department of Health.
QATAR
Population: 840 635
Income group: High
Gross national income per capita: $66 063
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
No
n/a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
199d (93% males, 7% females)
No
n/a
n/a
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
1 053e
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
d
e
Hamad Medical Corporation and Police data, defined as died within
30 days of the crash.
Hamad Medical Corporation data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
100 km/h
7
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.00 g/dl
0.00 g/dl
No
—
6
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Motorcycle helmet law
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Passengers
4-wheelers (25%)
5
Yes
No
50% Frontc
Enforcementa
b
c
No
n/a
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1982
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
45
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Source: 2007, Traffic and Patrols Department
7
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, Traffic and Patrols Department.
2008, Traffic and Patrols Department study.
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Drivers 4-wheelers
(44%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(4%)
Yes
Yes
No
90%b
Child restraints law
a
Cyclists and
pedestrians (27%)
Deaths per 100 000 population
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
1987
1992
1997
2002
2007
Year
Source: Traffic and Patrols Department
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes
Yes
172
605 699 total (2007)
Registered vehicle types: data not available
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
REPUBLIC
OF KOREA
Population: 48 223 853
Income group: High
Gross national income per capita: $19 690
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
6 166e (73% males, 27% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
335 906f
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
e
f
Transport data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Transport data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.05 g/dl
Yes
16%b
7
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Motorcycle helmet law c
Yes
Yes
Yes
85%c
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Cyclists (5%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(21%)
Source: “Road Traffic Accidents in Korea 2007,” Road Traffic Authority
8
Yes
2
16
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, Traffic Accidents in Korea 2007, Road Traffic Authority.
2007, National Police Agency. Observational study in 33 cities, drivers and passengers.
2005, Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
Yes
Yes
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Deaths per 100 000 population
Child restraints law
b
c
d
Drivers 4-wheelers
(26%)
Passengers
4-wheelers (11%)
Yes
Yes
77% Frontd
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
a
Pedestrians (37%)
7
Seat-belt law
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
7
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1992
Yes
Yes
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
Year
Source: Road Traffic Authority
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Yes
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes
Yes
18 213 228 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
173
66%
10%
6%
17%
<1%
Data cleared by the Ministry for Health, Welfare and Family Affairs.
REPUBLIC OF
MOLDOVA
Population: 3 793 604
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $1 260
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
National Traffic Safety Board
No
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
589c (74% males, 26% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
2 985d
Costing study available
No
c
d
National Bureau for Statistics (compiles Police and Health data), defined
as died within 1 year of the crash.
National Bureau for Statistics data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
60 km/h
No consensus
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
2
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.05 g/dl
Yes
17%b
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Yes
Yes
No
—
1
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Yes
Yes
—
No consensus
Child restraints law
a
Enforcement
a
b
Other (2%)
Drivers 4-wheelers
(25%)
Pedestrians (34%)
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Passengers
4-wheelers (33%)
Cyclists (2%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (4%)
Source: 2007, Traffic Police database
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, Traffic police database (traffic deaths with alcohol detected / number of road traffic deaths
per year).
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
35
Deaths per 100 000 population
Speed limits set nationally
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Yes
Yes
1989
1992
1995
1998
2001
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
2004
2007
Year
Source: Country questionnaire
No
No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
174
448 202 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
74%
6%
3%
16%
1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
ROMANIA
Population: 21 437 887
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $6 150
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
The Interministerial Council for Road Safety
Yes
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yesa
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
2 712e (86% males, 14% females)
29 832f
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
Not formally endorsed by government.
e
f
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementb
5
Drink–driving law
Yes
Yes
Yes
90% Drivers, 65% Passengersd
6
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementb
b
Enforcement
b
c
d
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(8%)
Passsengers
4-wheelers (23%)
Yes
Yes
80% Front, 20% Rearc
5
Child restraints law
Drivers 4-wheelers
(52%)
Cyclists (7%)
Source: 2007, National Road Traffic Police Directorate
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes
3 000
3
Number of road traffic deaths
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementb
Pedestrians (11%)
Yes
0.00 g/dl
0.00 g/dl
Yes
2%c
8
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementb
Motorcycle helmet law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, National Road Traffic Police Directorate.
2007/2008, Unofficial Road Traffic Police estimation for motorcycle riders.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
Yes
Yes
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
2 500
2 000
1 500
1 000
500
0
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year
Yes
Yes
Source: National Road Traffic Police Directorate
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Yes
Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
175
REGISTERED VEHICLES
4 611 362 total (2008)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Non-motorized vehicles
Other
79%
1%
11%
3%
<1%
4%
2%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
RUSSIAN
FEDERATION
Population: 142 498 532
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $7 560
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
The Commission of the Government of
Russian Federation for Road Safety
No
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
33 308c (74% males, 26% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
292 206d
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
c
d
Ministry of Internal Affairs data, defined as died within 7 days
of the crash.
Ministry of Internal Affairs data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
60 km/h
6
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.03 g/dl
0.03 g/dl
Yes
10%b
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
6
Yes
Yes
Yes
No consensus
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Drivers 4-wheelers
(34%)
Pedestrians (36%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(2%)
Passsengers
4-wheelers (28%)
6
Source: 2007, The Road Safety Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Yes
Yes
33% Frontb
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
a
b
7
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes
8
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, The Road Safety Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
Yes
Yes
35 000
30 000
25 000
20 000
15 000
10 000
5 000
0
1991
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
40 000
Number of road traffic deaths
Seat-belt law
Yes
Yes
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
Year
Source: The Road Safety Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
No
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
Yes
Yes
176
REGISTERED VEHICLES
38 695 996 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Trucks
Buses
Other
72%
8%
13%
2%
5%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
RWANDA
Population: 9 724 577
Income group: Low
Gross national income per capita: $320
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
National Road Safety Commission
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
308d
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
2 158e
Costing study available
No
d
e
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Yes
Yes
30–40 km/h
9
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.08 g/dl
Yes
—
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
a
b
c
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Drivers 4-wheelers (4%)
Other (10%)
Passengers
4-wheelers (12%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(16%)
8
Nob
n/a
n/a
—
n/a
Yes
Yes
80%c
9
Pedestrians (40%)
Cyclists (18%)
Source: Traffic Police
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No
n/a
600
Number of road traffic deaths
Speed limits set nationally
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
No law, but a police directive requires helmet use by all drivers and passengers of motorized
2-wheeled vehicles.
Estimation by consensus group.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
500
400
300
200
100
No car manufacturers
0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
1995
Yes
Yes
1997
1999
2001
No
No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
No
n/a
61 000 total (2008)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
2005
2007
Source: Service de Sécurité Routière
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
2003
Year
177
35%
37%
22%
4%
1%
1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Infrastructure.
SAINT LUCIA
Population: 164 924
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $5 349
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Road Transport Board
No
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
No
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
30b (83% males, 17% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
590c
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
b
c
Traffic Department (Police), defined as died within 1 year of the crash.
Traffic Police.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
32 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
0
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
1
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.08 g/dl
Yes
—
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes
Yes
—
—
Pedestrians (11%)
Drivers 4-wheelers
(50%)
Passengers
4-wheelers (39%)
8
Yes
No
—
Source: Royal Saint Lucia Police Force
7
No
n/a
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
E
BL
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
T
DA
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
V
TA
O
AN
A
AIL
No
No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
178
49 700 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
60%
2%
13%
23%
<1%
2%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health, Wellness, Human Services,
Family Affairs, National Mobilization and Gender Relations.
SAINT VINCENT &
THE GRENADINES
a
a
Questionnaire completed by National Data Coordinator (no consensus meeting).
Population: 120 402
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $4 210
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Ministry of National Security
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
9e (86% males, 14% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
168f
Costing study available
No
e
f
Health data, defined as died within 1 year of the crash.
Police Force, Traffic Department, Health Planning Unit, Statistical Unit.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
32 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
4
Drink–driving law
Yes
Nonec
Nonec
—
—
—
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementb
Motorcycle helmet law
Cyclists (22%)
Yes
No
90%d
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementb
9
Child restraints law
c
d
16
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
No
No
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Year
Source: Traffic Department, Police Headquarters
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
No
No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
No
n/a
24 334 total (2008)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
POST-CRASH CARE
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
6
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
Source: 2007, Police Force, Traffic Department
Yes
Enforcement score based on professional opinion of respondents, on a scale of 0 to 10 where
0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Drink–driving not defined by BAC limit.
Estimated by respondents.
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Pedestrians (33%)
9
Seat-belt law
b
Drivers 4-wheelers (11%)
Passengers
4-wheelers
(33%)
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementb
Enforcementb
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Number of road traffic deaths
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementb
179
38%
5%
44%
9%
<1%
3%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and the Environment.
SAMOA
Population: 187 023
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $2 430
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Land Transport Authority
Yes
Funded in national budget
Yes
No
No
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (average year)
20c (76% males, 24% females, 2004–2007)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries
(2006–2007)
178d
Costing study available
No
c
d
Accident Compensation Corporation data, definition unknown.
Health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
40 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drink–driving law
Yes
—
—
Yes
50%b
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
1
DA
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
3
Child restraints law
35
Yes
Number of road traffic deaths
1
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2004-2007, Accident Compensation Corporation.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
20
15
10
5
2005
2006
2007
Year
Source: Accident Compensation Corporation
No
No
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
25
2004
Yes
Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
30
0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
AV
Yes
No
—
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
b
A
AIL
6
Seat-belt law
a
N
TA
Yes
Yes
No
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
E
BL
OT
Motorcycle helmet law
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
6
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes
Yes
180
15 903 total (2008)
Registered vehicle types: data not available
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
SAN MARINO
Population: 30 926
Income group: High
Gross national income per capita: $41 044
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Yes
No
Funded in national budget
Multiple
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
1b
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
431c
Costing study available
No
b
c
Health data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
5
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.05 g/dl
Yes
—
6
Motorcycle helmet law
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(20%)
Source: 2004–2007 (5 deaths), Emergency Service
Yes
Yes
—
6
Child restraints law
a
Drivers 4-wheelers
(60%)
9
Seat-belt law
Enforcementa
Pedestrians (20%)
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes
6
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
V
TA
No car manufacturers
O
AN
T
DA
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
E
BL
A
AIL
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No
Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
181
51 590 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Trucks
Buses
Other
66%
22%
7%
<1%
5%
Data cleared by the Secretariat of State for Health and Social Security.
SAO TOME AND
PRINCIPE
Population: 157 638
Income group: Low
Gross national income per capita: $870
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Department of Land Transport
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
20d (80% males, 20% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
408e
Costing study available
No
d
e
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Police and Health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
30–40 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
3
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
a
b
c
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
n/a
No
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Law entered into force July 1, 2008, therefore enforcement could not be assessed at the time of the
consensus meeting.
Estimation by consensus group.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
A
AIL
AV
DA
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
2000
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
OT
N
TA
Yes
Yes
No
—
—b
No
n/a
<1%c
n/a
E
BL
Number of road traffic deaths
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Yes
Yes
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year
Source: Ministério da Defesa e Ordem Interna
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No
n/a
182
1 219 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Other
25%
66%
2%
1%
6%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
SAUDI ARABIA
Population: 24 734 533
Income group: High
Gross national income per capita: $15 440
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
High Council for Traffic
Yes
Multiple
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
6 358b (86% males, 14% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
36 025c
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
b
c
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
80 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
5
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.0 g/dl
0.0 g/dl
No
—
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Yes
No
No
—
T
DA
Yes
Yes
—
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
5
Child restraints law
a
V
TA
O
AN
A
AIL
2
Seat-belt law
Enforcementa
E
BL
7
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes
2
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
YEAR
NUMBER OF
DEATHS
2006
2007
5 883
6 358
Yes
Yes
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes
Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes
Yes
7 398 600 total (2007)
Registered vehicle types: data not available
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
183
SENEGAL
Population: 12 378 532
Income group: Low
Gross national income per capita: $820
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Directorate of Land Transport
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
320b
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries
—
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
b
Directorate of Land Transport data, defined as died within 7 days of
the crash.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
4
Drivers (19%)
Drink–driving law
Yes
—
—
Yes
—
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
0
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Yes
Yes
No
—
Source: 2007, Directorate of Land Transport
Yes
No
—
6
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
a
Passengers (46%)
5
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Pedestrians (35%)
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
800
Number of road traffic deaths
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
No
No
2002
2003
2004
2005
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
2006
2007
Year
Source: Country questionnaire
No
No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
184
280 594 total (2008)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
67%
4%
12%
6%
5%
6%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and Preventive Medicine.
SERBIA
Population: 9 858 424
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $4 730
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
No
n/a
Funded in national budget
962d (78% males, 22% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Multiple
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
22 201e
Costing study available
No
d
e
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
4
Drink–driving law
Other (1%)
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.05 g/dl
Yes
6%b
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Yes
Yes
No
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
No
Yes
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
2 000
1 800
1 600
1 400
1 200
1 000
800
600
400
200
0
1982
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Yes
Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
1987
1992
1997
2007
Source: Statistics of the Serbian Ministry of the Interior
(data from 1999 to 2007 exclude Kosovo)
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes
Yes
2 235 389 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
185
2002
Year
No
Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No (subnational)
n/a
VEHICLE STANDARDS
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Source: 2007, Statistics of the Serbian Ministry of the Interior
4
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, Statistics of the Serbian Ministry of the Interior.
2006, Pilot research of the Academy for Crime Prevention and Police Affairs, observational study.
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Passengers
4-wheelers (22%)
Yes
Yes
50–60% Front, 4–5% Rearc
Enforcementa
b
c
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (6%)
3
Child restraints law
a
Drivers 4-wheelers
(37%)
Cyclists (9%)
Number of road traffic deaths
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Pedestrians (25%)
7
Motorcycle helmet law
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
68%
1%
1%
8%
<1%
22%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Infrastructure.
SEYCHELLES
Population: 86 606
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $8 960
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Land Transport Division
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
14c (69% males, 31% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
370d
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
c
d
Police and Health data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Police and Transport data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
40 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
3
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Drivers 4-wheelers (36%)
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.08 g/dl
Yes
80%b
3
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Pedestrians (28%)
Cyclists (7%)
Yes
Yes
No
95%b
Passsengers
4-wheelers (29%)
9
Source: 2007, Seychelles Police Department and Ministry of Health
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
a
b
Yes
No
65%b
8
No
n/a
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, Police.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
OT
N
TA
No car manufacturers
A
DA
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
LE
AB
IL
VA
Yes
Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
186
14 880 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
59%
1%
29%
10%
1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and Social Development and
the Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources and Transport.
SIERRA LEONE
Population: 5 865 872
Income group: Low
Gross national income per capita: $260
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Sierra Leone Road Transport Authority
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
71d (65% males, 35% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
298e
Costing study available
No
d
e
Police data, defined as died within 1 year and 1 day of the crash.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
70 km/h
6
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
2
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.08 g/dl
Yes
—
Motorcycle helmet law
b
c
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(20%)
Passsengers
4-wheelers (60%)
Yes
Yesc
—
Source: 2007, Sierra Leone Police Annual Statistical Analysis
1
Child restraints law
a
Pedestrians (15%)
6
Seat-belt law
Enforcementa
Drivers 4-wheelers (5%)
Yes
Nob
Yes
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes
1
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
No provision in law for child riders.
Occupants over the age of 18 years.
OT
N
TA
No car manufacturers
IL
VA
A
DA
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
LE
AB
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No
No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
No
n/a
REGISTERED VEHICLES
39 038 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
42%
21%
32%
4%
1%
1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Transport and Aviation.
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
187
a
SINGAPORE
a
Questionnaire completed by National Data Coordinator (no consensus meeting).
Population: 4 436 281
Income group: High
Gross national income per capita: $32 470
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Land Transport Authority/Traffic Police
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
214f (80% males, 20% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
10 352g
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
f
g
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
40–70 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementb
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.08 g/dl
Yes
7%c
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementb
Passengers
4-wheelers (4%)
Pedestrians (27%)
8
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes
Yesd
Yes
56%e
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementb
Cyclists (10%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(48%)
9
Seat-belt law
Yes
Yes
50%e
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementb
8
Child restraints law
Source: 2007, Traffic Police Department
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes
7
Enforcement score represents professional opinion of NDC, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not
effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, Police data.
With some exceptions.
Source not specified.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
6
Deaths per 100 000 population
Enforcementb
c
d
e
Drivers 4-wheelers (11%)
8
Drink–driving law
b
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
5
4
3
2
1
0
1998
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes
Yes
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year
Source: “Monthly Digest of Statistics Singapore,” May 2008
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No (subnational)
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
Yes
Yes
188
851 336 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Buses
Other
61%
17%
2%
21%
Data cleared by the Land Transport Authority.
SLOVAKIA
Population: 5 390 035
Income group: High
Gross national income per capita: $11 730
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Road Safety Council
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
627c (76% males, 24% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
11 310d
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
c
d
Police data, defined as died within 24 hours of the crash.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Child restraints law
Yes
Yes
60 km/h
7
Yes
0.0 g/dl
0.0 g/dl
Yes
4%b
b
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Cyclists (8%)
Passsengers
4-wheelers (17%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (8%)
8
Yes
Yes
—
Source: 2007, Statistical-evidence system of road traffic accidents, Ministry of Interior (SR)
8
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes
9
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, Vehicle Register in the Slovak Republic, Ministry of Interior (SR).
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
Drivers 4-wheelers
(32%)
Pedestrians (34%)
9
Enforcementa
a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes
Yes
700
Number of road traffic deaths
Speed limits set nationally
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
2002
Yes
Yes
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year
Source: Statistical-evidence system of road traffic accidents, Ministry of Interior (SR)
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes
Yes
2 039 745 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
189
72%
3%
1%
11%
<1%
12%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
SLOVENIA
Population: 2 001 506
Income group: High
Gross national income per capita: $20 960
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Interministerial Working Group on Road Traffic Safety
Funded in national budget
Yes
Lead agency
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
293d (79% males, 21% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
16 449e
Costing study available
No
d
e
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
7
Drink–driving law
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
7
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Enforcementa
b
c
Source: 2008, Ministry of Interior, Police
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
30
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
No
Yes
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
25
20
15
10
5
0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
No
No
1989
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
Year
Source: Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
Yes
Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
— Data not available.
Passsengers (22%)
Yes
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
Drivers motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(18%)
6
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, Ministry of Interior, Police.
2007, Ministry of Transport, Slovenian Roads Agency, observational study.
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Drivers 4-wheelers
(43%)
Cyclists (6%)
Yes
Yes
85% Front, 50% Rearc
7
Child restraints law
a
Pedestrians (11%)
Deaths per 100 000 population
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Other (<1%)
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.0 g/dl
Yes
38%b
6
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes
Yes
190
REGISTERED VEHICLES
1 286 903 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Trucks
Buses
Other
79%
6%
6%
<1%
9%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
SOLOMON ISLANDS
Population: 495 662
Income group: Low
Gross national income per capita: $730
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Police – Traffic Division
—
—
—
—
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
19e (74% males, 26% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
606f
Costing study available
No
e
f
Police data, defined as died at the crash scene or during (hospital)
admission.
Data for Honiara only, source not specified.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
5
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Yes
Noneb
Noneb
Yes
55%c
Yes
Yes
Yes
100%d
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
b
c
d
A
AIL
V
TA
O
AN
T
DA
3
Seat-belt law
a
E
BL
3
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
No
n/a
—
n/a
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Drink–driving not defined by BAC limit.
Traffic Police estimate.
Year and source not specified.
LE
AB
OT
N
TA
IL
VA
A
DA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes
No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Yes
No
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
REGISTERED VEHICLES
No
n/a
191
10 000 total (2008)
Registered vehicle types: data not available
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
SOUTH AFRICA
Population: 48 576 763
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $5 760
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Road Traffic Management Corporation
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
14 920f (76% males, 24% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
219 978g
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
f
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
g
Yes
Yes
60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
3
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
2
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.05 g/dl
Yes
60%b
Yes
Yesc
Yes
95% Drivers, 90% Passengersd
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
b
c
d
e
Drivers 4-wheelers (25%)
Pedestrians (39%)
Passsengers
4-wheelers (32%)
Cyclists (2%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (2%)
Yes
Yes
50% Front, 8% Reare
Source: 2007, Road Traffic Management Corporation
2
Yes
2
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
40
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2006, Department of Transport.
BMW C1 motorcycle exempt due to design.
2008, Road Traffic Management Corporation.
2007, Road Traffic Management Corporation, observational study.
Deaths per 100 000 population
a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
6
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
Road Traffic Management Corporation data, defined as died within 7 days
of the crash.
Road Traffic Management Corporation and Medical Research Council
data.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
No
Yes
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1972
1977
1982
1987
1992
1997
2002
2007
Year
Source: Department of Transport
No
No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Yes
Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
Yes
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
9 237 574 total (2008)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
63%
4%
26%
4%
<1%
3%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
192
SPAIN
Population: 44 279 180
Income group: High
Gross national income per capita: $29 450
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
General Directorate of Traffic
Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
4 104d (78% males, 22% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
143 450e
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
d
e
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
50 km/h
8
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.03 g/dl
Yes
—
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
7
Yes
Yesb
Yes
98% Drivers, 92% Passengersc
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
8
Drivers 4-wheelers
(42%)
Cyclists (2%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(19%)
Passengers
4-wheelers (20%)
Source: 2006, General Directorate of Traffic database
8
Yes
Enforcementa
b
c
Other (1%)
Pedestrians (15%)
Yes
Yes
89% Front, 69% Rearc
Child restraints law
a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
7
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Some exceptions.
2007, General Directorate of Traffic, observational study.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
Yes
Yes
Number of road traffic deaths
Motorcycle helmet law
General Directorate of Traffic estimate, defined as died within 30 days of
the crash.
General Directorate of Traffic data.
10 000
9 000
8 000
7 000
6 000
5 000
4 000
3 000
2 000
1 000
0
1970
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes
Yes
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Year
Source: General Directorate of Traffic database
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No (subnational)
Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
31 441 152 total (2006)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
67%
14%
7%
9%
<1%
2%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs.
193
SRI LANKA
Population: 19 299 190
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $1 540
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
National Council for Road Safety
No
Yesa
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
2 334d (82% males, 18% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
31 688e
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
Not formally endorsed by government.
d
e
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Speed limits set nationally
Yes
No
50 km/h
5
Pedestrians (33%)
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementb
6
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementb
Yes
Yesc
Yes
—
Passengers (26%)
Source: Traffic Police, 2006
7
Seat-belt law
No
n/a
—
n/a
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementb
Child restraints law
No
n/a
Enforcementb
c
Drivers and riders
(41%)
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.08 g/dl
Yes
—
Motorcycle helmet law
b
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
With some exceptions.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
2 500
Number of road traffic deaths
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementb
2 000
1 500
1 000
500
No car manufacturers
0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
2004
No
No
2005
2006
Year
Source: Traffic Police
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No
Yes
194
3 125 794 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
12%
63%
6%
8%
3%
8%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Healthcare and Nutrition.
SUDAN
Population: 38 560 488
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $960
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
No
n/a
2 227c (76% males, 24% females)
No (subnational)
n/a
n/a
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
21 329d
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
c
d
Police data, defined as doctor report states that death was due to the
crash. Data exclude South Sudan states.
Police data, exclude South Sudan states.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
a
b
Yes
Yes
50 km/h
7
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Occupants 4-wheelers
(31%)
Yes
0.0 g/dlb
0.0 g/dlb
No
—
10
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
7
Other (56%)
Pedestrians
(13%)
Yes
No
—
7
No
n/a
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Alcohol consumption prohibited by law.
E
BL
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
V
TA
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Yes
Yes
O
AN
A
AIL
T
DA
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes
Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
No
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No
n/a
195
REGISTERED VEHICLES
1 200 000 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
64%
3%
13%
12%
1%
7%
Data cleared by the Federal Ministry of Health.
SURINAME
Population: 457 964
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $4 730
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
No
n/a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
No
n/a
n/a
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries
90c (75% males, 25% females)
—
Costing study available
No
c
Ministry of Justice and Police and Department of Health data, defined as
died anytime after the crash.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
40 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
5
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.05 g/dl
Yes
—
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
4
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes
Yes
No
90%b
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Enforcement
Source: 2007, Ministry of Justice and Police (The Department of
Traffic Information Education and Statistics)
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
7
Yes
3
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, Observational studies conducted by Ministry of Justice and Police.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1991
No
Yes
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
Year
Source: Ministry of Justice and Police (The Department of
Traffic Information Education and Statistics)
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Passengers
4-wheelers
(20%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(31%)
Yes
Yes
70% Front, 30% Rearb
a
b
Cyclists (3%)
7
Child restraints law
a
Drivers 4-wheelers
(23%)
Pedestrians (22%)
Deaths per 100 000 population
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
No
No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
196
151 441 total (2006)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Buses
54%
27%
17%
2%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Justice and Police.
SWAZILAND
Population: 1 141 427
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $2 580
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Swaziland Road Safety Council
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
235c (72% males, 28% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
4 584d
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
c
d
Police data, defined as died within 1 year of the crash.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
60 km/h
6
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.05 g/dl
Yes
3%b
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Yes
Yes
No
80%b
Cyclists (2%)
Passsengers
4-wheelers (42%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (2%)
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
7
No
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, Royal Swaziland Police.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Source: 2007, Royal Swaziland Police
Yes
Yes
—
Number of road traffic deaths
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
b
Pedestrians (35%)
5
Seat-belt law
a
Drivers 4-wheelers
(20%)
6
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
2000
Yes
Yes
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year
Source: 2007, Royal Swaziland Police
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes
Yes
116 050 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Non-motorized vehicles
Unspecified
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
197
45%
3%
30%
6%
7%
4%
5%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare.
SWEDEN
Population: 9 118 955
Income group: High
Gross national income per capita: $46 060
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Swedish Road Administration
Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
471f (75% males, 25% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
26 636g
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
f
g
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Yes
Yesc
Yes
95%d
1
Yes
Yes
96% Front, 90% Reare
b
c
d
e
Source: Swedish Institute for Transport and Communication Analyses,
Road Traffic Injuries 2006 (Vägtrafikskador 2006)
Yes
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
16
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
Yes
Yes
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
1972
No
No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
1977
1982
1987
1997
2002
2007
Source: Swedish Institute for Transport and Communication Analyses,
Road Traffic Injuries 2007 (Vägtrafikskador 2007)
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes
Yes
5 500 000 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Trucks
Buses
Other
198
1992
Year
Yes
Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
Passengers
4-wheelers (18%)
2
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2006, Estimate based on autopsies of drivers killed in crashes.
Some exceptions.
2007, Estimate provided by consensus group.
2006, Swedish Road and Transport Research Institute observational studies.
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(16%)
3
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
Drivers 4-wheelers (47%)
Cyclists (6%)
Deaths per 100 000 population
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Pedestrians (12%)
6
Motorcycle helmet law
Seat-belt law
Other (1%)
Yes
0.02 g/dl
0.02 g/dl
Yes
20%b
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
5
Drink–driving law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Transport data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Police data.
77%
8%
9%
<1%
6%
Data cleared by the Swedish Road Administration.
SWITZERLAND
Population: 7 483 973
Income group: High
Gross national income per capita: $59 880
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Federal Roads Agency
Yes
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
Yesa
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
370g (76% males, 24% females)
26 718h
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
Not formally endorsed by government.
g
h
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Swiss Council for Accident Prevention data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
50 km/h
7
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementb
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.05 g/dl
Yes
16%c
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementb
6
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes
Yesd
Yes
100%e
9
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementb
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementb
e
f
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (22%)
Source: 2006, Swiss Council for Accident Prevention
7
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes
Enforcementb
c
d
Cyclists (9%)
Yes
Yes
86% Front, 61% Rearf
Child restraints law
b
Occupants 4-wheelers
(48%)
Pedestrians (21%)
8
1 200
Number of road traffic deaths
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, Swiss Council for Accident Prevention.
Some exceptions.
2006, Sinus-Report 2007 der bfu, motorcycle drivers.
2006, Swiss Council for Accident Prevention.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
1 000
800
600
400
200
0
No car manufacturers
1990
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
Year
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes
Yes
Source: Unfallgeschehen in der Schweiz, bfu-Statistik 2007
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No (subnational)
Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
5 356 000 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Trucks
Buses
Other
72%
14%
10%
1%
3%
Data cleared by the Federal Office of Public Health.
199
SYRIAN ARAB
REPUBLIC
Population: 19 928 516
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $1 760
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
National Committee for Road Safety
No
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
2 818c
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Multiple
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
16 145d
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
c
d
Police data, defined as died at the crash scene or in hospital.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
45–60 km/h
8
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.05 g/dl
No
—
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
A
DA
Yes
No
81% Frontb
Enforcementa
b
IL
VA
4
Child restraints law
a
OT
N
TA
Yes
Yes
No
—
9
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, Syrian Society for Road Accident Prevention.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No
n/a
Yes
No
14
Deaths per 100 000 population
Seat-belt law
LE
AB
8
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2001
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes
Yes
Source: Country questionnaire
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes
Yes
1 389 346 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Non-motorized vehicles
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
200
55%
9%
25%
7%
3%
1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
TAJIKISTAN
Population: 6 735 996
Income group: Low
Gross national income per capita: $460
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Department of the State Automobile Inspection
(Ministry of Internal Affairs)
Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
464c (78% males, 22% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
2 048d
Multiple
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Costing study available
No
c
d
Department of the State Automobile Inspection of the Ministry of Internal
Affairs data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Department of the State Automobile Inspection of the Ministry of Internal
Affairs data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.03 g/dl
0.03 g/dl
Yes
5%b
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Pedestrians (44%)
Passengers
4-wheelers
(30%)
6
Seat-belt law
Source: Department of the State Automobile Inspection of the Ministry of Internal
Affairs of Republic of Tajikistan
3
Child restraints law
Yes
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
1
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes
Yes
Number of road traffic deaths
600
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, Department of the State Automobile Inspection of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic
of Tajikistan.
500
400
300
200
100
0
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (1%)
Cyclists (6%)
Yes
Yes
—
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
b
Drivers 4-wheelers (18%)
Yes
Yes
No
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
a
Other (1%)
9
Motorcycle helmet law
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes
Yes
60 km/h
8
Speed limits set nationally
No
No (subnational)
Source: Department of the State Automobile Inspection of the Ministry of Internal
Affairs of Republic of Tajikistan
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
201
268 018 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
72%
4%
7%
15%
2%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Public Health.
THAILAND
Population: 63 883 662
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $3 400
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Road Safety Operation Center
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
12 492f (78% males, 22% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
973 104g
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
f
g
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Speed limits set nationally
Yes
Yes
80 km/h
2
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.05 g/dl
Yes
4%b
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
c
d
e
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(70%)
Yes
No
56% Front, 3% Reare
5
No
n/a
Enforcementa
b
Passengers 4-wheelers (7%)
Cyclists (3%)
4
Child restraints law
a
Drivers 4-wheelers (4%)
Yes
Yesc
Yes
27%d
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Pedestrians (8%)
5
Motorcycle helmet law
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, Based on sentinel surveillance. Deaths in hospital only, does not include deaths at the crash
scene.
Some exceptions.
2005, Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System.
2005, Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System (data for front-seat occupants); 2005, Asian Institute
of Technology (data for rear-seat occupants).
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
No
No
Source: 2007, Injury Surveillance (sentinel sites), Bureau of Epidemiology,
Ministry of Public Health
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
30
Deaths per 100 000 population
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Police data, defined as died at the crash scene.
Health data.
25
20
15
10
5
0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Year
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Source: Police Information System Center, Royal Thai Police
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No
No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
REGISTERED VEHICLES
No (subnational)
Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
202
25 618 447 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
14%
63%
19%
3%
<1%
1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Public Health.
THE FORMER
YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC
OF MACEDONIA
Population: 2 038 464
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $3 460
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Republic’s Council for Road Traffic Safety
Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
140e (83% males, 17% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
No
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
6 133f
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
e
f
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Other (10%)
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.0 g/dl
Yes
5%b
6
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Motorcycle helmet law
Passengers
4-wheelers (12%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (11%)
Cyclists (4%)
Yes
No
16%d
Source: 2006, State Statistical Office
6
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
No
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, Ministry of Interior- Sector for Analysis, Research and Documentation.
2007, Ministry of Interior- Sector for Information Technology, data relate to motorcycle riders
involved in a crash.
2002, PhD thesis by F. Tozija, survey of injured drivers and passengers treated in hospital.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Deaths per 100 000 population
d
Pedestrians (34%)
2
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
b
c
Drivers 4-wheelers (29%)
Yes
Yes
No
2%c
Seat-belt law
a
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
4
Drink–driving law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
State Statistical Office data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Police data.
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
2002
Yes
Yes
2003
2004
2005
2006
Year
Source: State Statistical Office
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
No
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
203
REGISTERED VEHICLES
259 421 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Trucks
Buses
Other
86%
2%
8%
1%
3%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
TIMOR-LESTE
Population: 1 154 775
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $1 510
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
National Directorate of Land Transport
Yes
Multiple
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
46d
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
1 686e
Costing study available
No
d
e
Police data, defined as died as a result of injuries sustained in crash.
Health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Yes
No
50 km/h
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
0
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.05 g/dl
Yes
—
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
0
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Yes
Yes
No
70% Drivers, 30% Passengersb
a
b
c
T
DA
Yes
Yes
5–10% Front, <1% Rearc
0
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
V
TA
O
AN
5
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
E
BL
A
AIL
Yes
0
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
70% drivers, 30% passengers, consensus group estimate, 2007.
Consensus group estimate, 2007.
LE
AB
OT
N
TA
IL
VA
A
DA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes
No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
204
26 649 total (2008)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Buses
Trucks
6%
72%
14%
<1%
8%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
TOGO
Population: 6 585 147
Income group: Low
Gross national income per capita: $360
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
No
n/a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
No
n/a
n/a
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
472e
1 824f
Costing study available
No
e
f
Police data, defined as died at the crash scene.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
40 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
4
Drink–driving law
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
n/a
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Nob
Yes
No
1%c
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
E
BL
OT
N
TA
A
AIL
AV
DA
2
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
No
n/a
0%d
n/a
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
a
b
c
d
No
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
No law, but there is a regulation that is enforced.
1998, Road Safety Togo.
Estimation by consensus group.
E
BL
V
TA
O
AN
A
AIL
T
DA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes
No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes
Yes
48 234 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
205
22%
71%
4%
<1%
<1%
2%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and the Togolese Road Safety Organization.
TONGA
Population: 100 336
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $2 320
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Traffic Department, Ministry of Police
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
8e (75% males, 25% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries
—
Costing study available
No
e
Police data, defined as died within 1 year and one day of the crash.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Speed limits set nationally
Yes
No
40 km/h
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
7
Drink–driving law
Yes
Noneb
Noneb
Yes
25%c
5
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Source: 2006–2007, Ministry of Police
No
n/a
<1%d
n/a
No
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Drink–driving not defined by BAC limit.
2007 Police data.
2003, Ministry of Health and World Health Organization observational study.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1987
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Cyclists (6%)
7
Enforcementa
b
c
d
Passengers
4-wheelers (19%)
Yes
Yes
No
—
Child restraints law
a
Drivers 4-wheelers
(31%)
Pedestrians (44%)
Number of road traffic deaths
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
Year
Yes
Yes
Source: Report by Dr G. Anthony Ryan: WHO STC to Tonga, 1995
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
No
n/a
2 226 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
206
36%
1%
57%
<1%
<1%
5%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
TRINIDAD AND
TOBAGO
Population: 1 333 272
Income group: High
Gross national income per capita: $14 100
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
—
—
Funded in national budget
Multiple
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
214b (77% males, 23% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
2 918c
Costing study available
No
b
c
Traffic and Highway Patrol Branch, Trinidad and Tobago Police Service,
defined as died within 1 year of the crash.
Traffic and Highway Patrol Branch, Trinidad and Tobago Police Service.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
2
3
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.08 g/dl
Yes
—
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (2%)
Source: 2007, Traffic and Highway Patrol Branch, Trinidad and Tobago Police Service
6
Yes
6
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
280
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No
No
Number of road traffic deaths
a
Passengers
4-wheelers
(28%)
Yes
No
—
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
Drivers 4-wheelers (34%)
Pedestrians (32%)
Cyclists (4%)
9
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
240
200
160
120
80
40
0
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
1972
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
No
1977
1982
1987
1992
1997
2002
2007
Year
Source: Traffic and Highway, Patrol Branch
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes
Yes
207
490 987 total (2007)
Registered vehicle types: data not available
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
TUNISIA
Population: 10 327 285
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $3 200
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
National Observatory for Information, Training,
Documentation and Study on Road Safety
Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
1 497c (82% males, 18% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
14 559d
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
c
d
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Lead Agency and Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
5
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.05 g/dl
Yes
1%b
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
3
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (14%)
Source: 2007, Ministry of Interior and Local Development
Yes
No
—
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
2
Enforcementa
5
No
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, Ministry of Interior and Local Development.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Deaths per 100 000 population
Child restraints law
b
Passsengers
4-wheelers (28%)
5
Seat-belt law
a
Drivers 4-wheelers
(23%)
Pedestrians (32%)
Cyclists (3%)
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes
Yes
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
4
3
2
1
0
No car manufacturers
2003
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year
No
Yes
Source: “Statitiscs of Road Accidents”, Ministry of Interior and Local Development
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes
Yes
1 244 918 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Non-motorized vehicles
Other
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
208
62%
1%
24%
4%
1%
8%
1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Public Health.
TURKEY
Population: 74 876 695
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $8 020
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Board of Road Traffic Safety
Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
4 633d (77% males, 23% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Multiple
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
169 080e
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
d
e
Turkish Statistical Institute data, defined as died at the crash scene.
Turkish Statistical Institute data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
50 km/h
8
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.05 g/dl
Yes
2%b
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Yes
Yes
Yes
12% Driversb
Pedestrians (19%)
Passengers
4-wheelers (31%)
Cyclists (2%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (8%)
5
Yes
Yes
70%c
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Source: 2006, Security General Directorate
8
Child restraints law
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Yes
Enforcementa
b
c
Drivers 4-wheelers (24%)
9
Seat-belt law
a
Other (16%)
7
Deaths per 100 000 population
Motorcycle helmet law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2005–2007, Security Directorate.
2007, Security Directorate, intercity (rural) roads only. For urban roads, 20%.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
Yes
Yes
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Year
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes
Yes
Source: Turkish Statistical Institute, “Traffic Accident Statistics (Road) 2007”
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No (subnational)
Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
209
REGISTERED VEHICLES
13 311 000 total (2008)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Non-motorized vehicles
Other
50%
15%
18%
6%
2%
1%
9%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
TURKMENISTAN
Population: 4 965 278
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $1 234
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
No
n/a
Funded in national budget
Multiple
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
650c
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
1 606d
Costing study available
No
c
d
Data of the Department of Police Road Supervision of the Ministry of
Internal Affairs, defined as died within 7 days of the crash.
Data of the Department of Police Road Supervision of the Ministry of
Internal Affairs.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
60 km/h
9
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.05 g/dl
Yes
7%b
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
a
b
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Cyclists (5%)
Pedestrians (29%)
Other (66%)
10
Yes
Yes
No
—
8
Yes
No
—
Source: Department of Police Road Supervision of the Ministry of Internal Affairs
7
No
n/a
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2008, Department of Road Police Supervision of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
No car manufacturers
OT
N
TA
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
E
BL
A
AIL
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Yes
Yes
AV
DA
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
—
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
210
651 564 total (2008)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Trucks
Buses
62%
18%
16%
4%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
TUVALU
Population: 10 530
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $2 441
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
No
n/a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2003–2006)
1 per yeard (all males)
Yes
No
No
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries
e
˜12 per year
Costing study available
No
d
e
Health data, defined as died within 24 hours of the crash.
Police estimate.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Speed limits set nationally
Yes
No
64 km/h
6
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes
Noneb
Noneb
Yes
—
6
Motorcycle helmet law
No
n/a
n/a
0%c
n/a
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Seat-belt law
No
n/a
0%c
n/a
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Child restraints law
No
n/a
Enforcementa
a
b
c
YEAR
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Drink–driving not defined by BAC limit.
2000–2007, Police data.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
1
1
1
1
pedestrian
pedestrian
pedestrian
pedestrian
Source: Princess Margaret Hospital, Ministry of Health
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
2
1
0
1999
No car manufacturers
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
DEATHS
2003
2004
2005
2006
Number of road traffic deaths
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Source: Country questionnaire
No
No
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
No
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
211
REGISTERED VEHICLES
906 total (2005–2008)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Non-motorized vehicles
7%
66%
5%
4%
1%
17%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
UGANDA
Population: 30 883 805
Income group: Low
Gross national income per capita: $340
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
National Road Safety Council
Yes
Multiple
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006–2007)
2 838b (78% males, 22% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries
(2006–2007)
12 058c
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
b
c
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash. Data collected by
financial year.
Police data, collected by financial year.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drivers 4-wheelers (4%)
2
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.08 g/dl
Yes
—
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Pedestrians (35%)
Yes
Yes
No
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
3
Yes
Yes
—
Source: 2006-2007 (financial year), Uganda Police
2
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
No (subnational)
n/a
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes
Yes
Number of road traffic deaths
2 500
No car manufacturers
2 000
1 500
1 000
500
0
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
1991
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (7%)
Cyclists (10%)
Seat-belt law
a
Passengers
4-wheelers (43%)
3
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
1993
1995
1997
No
No
Year
d
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
d
Methodology for data collection changed in 2006
Source: Uganda Police
REGISTERED VEHICLES
No
n/a
212
363 658 total (2007)
Registered vehicle types: data not available
Data cleared by the Ministry of Works and Transport.
a
UKRAINE
a
Questionnaire completed by National Data Coordinator (no consensus meeting).
Population: 46 205 382
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $2 550
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Ministry of Public Health
Yes
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
9 921c (76% males, 24% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Multiple
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
40 887d
Costing study available
No
c
d
Health data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Data source not specified.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
60 km/h
—
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementb
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.0 g/dl
0.0 g/dl
Yes
—
—
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementb
Motorcycle helmet law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Drivers/passengers
motorized vehicles
(44%)
Pedestrians (56%)
No
n/a
n/a
—
n/a
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementb
Seat-belt law
Yes
No
—
—
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementb
Child restraints law
Source: State Medical Statistics Centre
No
n/a
Enforcementb
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
10 000
Enforcement score represents professional opinion of NDC, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not
effective and 10 is highly effective.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
No
No
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes
No
9 000
Number of road traffic deaths
b
8 000
7 000
6 000
5 000
4 000
3 000
2 000
1 000
0
2003
2004
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
2005
2006
2007
Year
No
No (subnational)
Source: State Medical Statistics Centre
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
213
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Data not available
Data were not cleared by the government of the Ukraine in time
for publication of this report.
UNITED ARAB
EMIRATES
Population: 4 380 439
Income group: High
Gross national income per capita: $41 082
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Ministry of Interior and National Transport Authority
Funded in national budget
Yes
Lead agency
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
1 056c (87% males, 13% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
11 155d
Costing study available
Yes (deaths only)
c
d
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
7
Yes
0.10 g/dl
0.10 g/dl
Yes
—
8
Motorcycle helmet law
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Source: 2007, Ministry of Interior
Yes
No
61% Frontb
Enforcementa
b
Passsengers
4-wheelers (29%)
8
Child restraints law
a
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(2%)
Yes
Yes
No
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Drivers 4-wheelers
(41%)
Pedestrians (28%)
7
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2006, Abu Dhabi National Campaign for seat-belt use.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
12 000
Number of road traffic deaths
Drink–driving law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes
Yes
60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
10 000
8 000
6 000
4 000
2 000
0
Yes
Yes
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2005
2006
Source: Ministry of Interior
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
2004
Year
Yes
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
214
1 754 420 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
86%
1%
2%
7%
2%
3%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
UNITED KINGDOM
Population: 60 768 946
Income group: High
Gross national income per capita: $42 740
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
No
n/a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
3 298f (76% males, 24% females)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
264 288g
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
f
g
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
48 km/h
No consensus
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.08 g/dl
No
17%b
No consensus
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Police data.
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Other (1%)
Drivers 4-wheelers (36%)
Pedestrians (21%)
Cyclists (4%)
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes
Yesc
Yes
98%d
No consensus
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Yes
Yes
91% Front, 84–90% Reare
No consensus
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
b
c
d
e
Yes
No consensus
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Yes
Yes
8 000
7 000
6 000
5 000
4 000
3 000
2 000
1 000
0
1971
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
9 000
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
“Road Casualties Great Britain: 2006 Annual Report.”
Some exceptions.
2006 Estimation by Department for Transport.
2006–2007, Department for Transport, observational studies.
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
Passengers
4-wheelers (19%)
Source: “Road Casualties Great Britain: 2006 Annual Report”
“Road Traffic Collision Statistics (Northern Ireland) Annual Report 2006”
Number of road traffic deaths
a
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(19%)
1976
1981
1986
1991
1996
2001
2005
2006
Year
Yes
Yes
Source: “Road Casualties Great Britain: 2006 Annual Report”
“Road Traffic Collision Statistics (Northern Ireland) Annual Report 2006”
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Yes
Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
215
REGISTERED VEHICLES
34 327 520 total (2006)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
84%
4%
9%
1%
1%
2%
Data cleared by the Department for Transport.
UNITED REPUBLIC
OF TANZANIA
Population: 40 453 513
Income group: Low
Gross national income per capita: $400
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
National Road Safety Council of Tanzania
No
Yesa
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
2 595e (78% males, 22% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
16 308f
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
Not formally endorsed by government.
e
f
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementb
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.08 g/dl
Yes
2%c
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementb
2
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes
No
No
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementb
4
3
b
Enforcement
c
d
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Source: 2007, Tanzania Police
3 000
2 500
2 000
1 500
1 000
590
0
No
No
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Year
Source: Surface and Marine Transport Regulatory Authority
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
No
No
POST-CRASH CARE
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (7%)
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
Cyclists (17%)
No
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, Tanzania Police.
Estimation by consensus group.
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Pedestrians (37%)
Yes
No
30% Front, 5% Rearc
Child restraints law
b
Passengers
4-wheelers (33%)
Number of road traffic deaths
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementb
Drivers 4-wheelers (6%)
3
Drink–driving law
Seat-belt law
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
No
n/a
216
REGISTERED VEHICLES
577 949 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
14%
9%
57%
7%
4%
9%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare.
UNITED STATES
OF AMERICA
Population: 305 826 246
Income group: High
Gross national income per capita: $46 040
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
42 642f (70% males, 30% females)
Funded in national budget
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
(US DOT/NHTSA)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
3 305 237g
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
f
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
g
No (subnationally)
n/a
n/a
n/a
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drink–driving law
No (subnational)
0.08 g/dlb
0.0–0.02 g/dlc
n/a
32%d
n/a
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Motorcycle helmet law
No (subnational)
n/a
n/a
58%e
n/a
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
No (subnational)
n/a
82% Front, 76% Reare
n/a
US DOT/NHTSA Fatality Analysis Reporting System, defined as died within
30 days of the crash.
Health data.
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Other (4%)
Pedestrians (11%)
Cyclists (2%)
Drivers 4-wheelers
(51%)
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(11%)
Passengers
4-wheelers (21%)
Source: 2006, US DOT/NHTSA Fatality Analysis Reporting System
Enforcementa
a
b
c
d
e
No (subnational)
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
No national BAC limit, but all states and the District of Colombia have a BAC limit of 0.08 for general
population.
No national BAC limit, but all states and the District of Colombia specify BAC limits of 0.02 or less for
young/novice drivers.
2006, US DOT/NHTSA study.
2007, US DOT/NHTSA National Occupant Protection Use Survey.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
Yes
Yes
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
24
Deaths per 100 000 population
Child restraints law
20
16
12
8
4
0
1978
1982
1986
1990
1994
1998
2002
2006
Year
No
Yes
Source: US DOT/NHTSA Fatality Analysis Reporting System
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Yes
Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
217
REGISTERED VEHICLES
251 422 509 total (2006)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
54%
3%
39%
4%
<1%
Data cleared by the Department of Health and Human Services and the Department of
Transport’s National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
URUGUAY
Population: 3 339 700
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $6 380
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
National Road Safety Agency (UNASEV)
Yes
Yesa
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
427e (78% males, 22% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
20 729f
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
Not formally endorsed by government.
e
f
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Police and Health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
45–75 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
1
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.08 g/dl
Yes
38%c
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementb
1
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes
Yes
—
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementb
3
Child restraints law
b
c
d
T
DA
5
Seat-belt law
Enforcementb
O
AN
A
AIL
V
TA
Yes
Yes
No
50%d
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementb
E
BL
Yes
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
1
200
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2006, Faculty of Humanities – Technical Forensics Institute.
Study by Advanced Trauma Life Support Course in Uruguay.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
No
No
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
175
150
125
100
75
50
25
0
2000
Yes
Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
Number of road traffic deaths
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementb
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Year
Source: National Highway Administration Directorate, based on information
from Departmental Police Headquarters
No
No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
No
n/a
218
952 000 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
48%
44%
1%
7%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Public Health.
UZBEKISTAN
a
a
Questionnaire completed by National Data Coordinator (no consensus meeting).
Population: 27 372 260
Income group: Low
Gross national income per capita: $730
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
The State Motor-Vehicle Inspectorate,
Ministry of Internal Affairs
Yes
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
2 034c
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries
—
Yes
Yes
—
Costing study available
No
c
Ministry of Internal Affairs data, defined as died at the crash scene.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementb
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementb
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementb
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementb
Child restraints law
Enforcementb
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes
None
None
Yes
—
LE
AB
OT
9
N
TA
IL
VA
A
DA
Yes
Yes
No
—
9
Yes
Yes
—
10
—
—
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents professional opinion of NDC, on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not
effective and 10 is highly effective.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
Yes
Yes
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes
Yes
2 000
1 500
1 000
500
0
2000
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
2 500
Number of road traffic deaths
b
Yes
No
70 km/h
7
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Year
—
—
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
219
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Data not available
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
VANUATU
Population: 226 180
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $1 840
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
No
n/a
Funded in national budget
Multiple
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
8c
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2005)
52d
Costing study available
No
c
d
Police data, defined as died within 1 year of the crash.
Health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
35–60 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
3
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Yes
Noneb
Noneb
Yes
—
T
DA
Yes
No
—
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
1
Child restraints law
No
n/a
Enforcementa
b
O
AN
8
Seat-belt law
a
A
AIL
V
TA
Yes
Yes
No
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
E
BL
6
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Drink–driving not defined by BAC limit.
LE
AB
OT
N
TA
IL
VA
A
DA
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
No
Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
No
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes
Yes
15 461 total (2008)
Registered vehicle types: data not available
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
220
VENEZUELA
(Bolivarian Republic of)
Population: 27 656 832
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $7 320
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
People’s Ministry of Infrastructure (MINFRA)
Yes
Multiple
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
6 218c (79% males, 21% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
40 968d
Costing study available
No
c
d
Health data, defined as died within 1 year of the crash.
People’s Ministry of Infrastructure.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
40 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
4
Other (1%)
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.08 g/dl
Yes
—
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Yes
Yes
Yes
55%b
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Yes
Yes
—
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Source: 2007, People’s Ministry of Infrastructure
6
Child restraints law
b
Passengers
4-wheelers (1%)
6
Seat-belt law
a
Drivers 4-wheelers
(73%)
Pedestrians (25%)
7
Motorcycle helmet law
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes
5
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, People’s Ministry of Infrastructure (MINFRA).
25
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
Yes
Yes
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
Yes
Yes
Deaths per 100 000 population
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
20
15
10
5
0
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
Year
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
Source: People’s Ministry of Health
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
4 044 013 total (2007)
Motorcars
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
73%
7%
19%
1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of People’s Power for Health and Social Welfare.
221
VIET NAM
Population: 87 375 196
Income group: Low
Gross national income per capita: $790
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yesa
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
a
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
12 800e (79% males, 21% females)
National Traffic Safety Committee
Yes
10 266f
Costing study available
Yes (deaths and injuries)
Not formally endorsed by government.
e
f
Police data, defined as died within 24 hours of the crash.
Police data. Health data reports 445 048 non-fatal road traffic injuries in
2007.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementb
6
Drink–driving law
Motorcycle helmet law
Yes
Yes
Yes
85%d
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementb
D
3
Enforcement
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2001, Forensic Medicine data.
2008, National Traffic Safety Committee estimate.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
Yes
Yes
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
No
n/a
b
c
d
TA
NO
Yes
No
—
Child restraints law
b
A
AT
IL
VA
7
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementb
LE
AB
3
14 000
Number of road traffic deaths
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementb
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.08 g/dl
Yes
34%c
12 000
10 000
8 000
6 000
4 000
2 000
0
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year
Yes
Yes
Source: 2007, National Traffic Safety Committee
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
Yes
Yes
222
22 926 230 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
5%
95%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
WEST BANK AND
GAZA STRIP
a
a
Non WHO member-area.
Population: 4 018 000
Income group: Middle
Gross national income per capita: $1 422
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
DATA
Lead agency
No
n/a
Funded in national budget
No (subnational)
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
188d (76% males, 23% females)e
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
5 838f
Costing study available
No
d
e
f
Police data, defined as died within 30 days of the crash.
Health data 2007.
Central Bureau of Statistics, Government of Palestine.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
No
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementb
3
Drink–driving law
Yes
0.05 g/dl
0.05 g/dl
No
—
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementb
1
A
3
Seat-belt law
Yes
Yes
—
3
Child restraints law
Yes
1
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Some exceptions.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
2002
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Number of road traffic deaths
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementb
c
OT
N
TA
Yes
Yesc
No
—
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementb
b
LE
AB
IL
VA
DA
Motorcycle helmet law
Enforcementb
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
2003
2004
2005
2006
Year
No
No
Source: General Commissariat of the Palestinian Police,
data for remaining West Bank and Gaza Strip
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
No
No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes
Yes
78 609 total (2008)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Non-motorized vehicles
Other
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
223
76%
<1%
6%
15%
1%
<1%
1%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
YEMEN
Population: 22 389 169
Income group: Low
Gross national income per capita: $870
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
The National Committee for Road Safety
No
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
2 781c (86% males, 14% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Multiple
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
19 253d
Costing study available
No
c
d
Police data, defined as died within 7 days of the crash.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
—
Speed limits set nationally
Drink–driving law
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Motorcycle helmet law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
a
b
Yes
0.0 g/dlb
0.0 g/dlb
—
—
—
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
No
Yes
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
Year
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
Source: Country questionnaire
No
No
REGISTERED VEHICLES
POST-CRASH CARE
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
A
DA
No
n/a
No car manufacturers
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
OT
N
TA
IL
VA
No
n/a
—
n/a
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
LE
AB
No
n/a
n/a
—
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
Alcohol consumption prohibited by law.
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
3
Deaths per 100 000 population
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Yes
Yes
224
777 734 total (2007)
Registered vehicle types: data not available
Data cleared by the Ministry of Public Health and Population.
ZAMBIA
Population: 11 921 999
Income group: Low
Gross national income per capita: $800
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Road Transport and Safety Agency
Yes
Measurable targets
Funded
1 266d
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2007)
Yes
Yes
Yes
National road safety strategy
Reported road traffic fatalities (2007)
9 258e
Costing study available
No
d
e
Police data, defined as died within 24 hours of the crash.
Police data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
50 km/h
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.08 g/dl
Yes
50%b
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
1
Motorcycle helmet law
Pedestrians (50%)
10
Seat-belt law
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
(4%)
Cyclists (11%)
Yes
Yes
—
Source: 2007, Zambia Police Service
5
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
No
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2007, Zambia Police Service and Road Transport and Safety Agency.
2007, Zambia Road Transport and Safety Agency.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
No car manufacturers
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
1 400
Number of road traffic deaths
b
c
Passsengers
4-wheelers
(25%)
Yes
Yes
No
100%c
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
a
Drivers 4-wheelers (11%)
5
Drink–driving law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
Yes
Yes
1 200
1 000
800
600
400
200
0
1972
1977
1982
1987
1992
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
2002
2007
Source: Zambia Police Service
—
No
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
1997
Year
Yes
Yes
REGISTERED VEHICLES
222 188 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
59%
3%
21%
13%
2%
2%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health.
225
ZIMBABWE
Population: 13 349 434
Income group: Low
Gross national income per capita: $131
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency
Funded in national budget
DATA
Traffic Safety Council of Zimbabwe
No
Multiple
n/a
n/a
National road safety strategy
Measurable targets
Funded
Reported road traffic fatalities (2006)
1 037c (71% males, 29% females)
Reported non-fatal road traffic injuries (2006)
13 819d
Costing study available
No
c
d
Police data, defined as died within 24 hours of the crash.
Police and Health data.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Yes
Yes
60 km/h
8
Speed limits set nationally
Local authorities can set lower limits
Maximum limit urban roads
Enforcementa
Drink–driving law
Applies to all riders
Helmet standards mandated
Helmet wearing rate
Enforcementa
Seat-belt law
Applies to all occupants
Seat-belt wearing rate
Enforcementa
Child restraints law
Enforcementa
b
Occupants any motorized
vehicle (63%)
Pedestrians (26%)
3
Motorcycle helmet law
a
Other (5%)
Yes
Yes
—
—
Cyclists (5%)
9
Yes
No
—
Source: 2006, Zimbabwe Police
8
No
n/a
Enforcement score represents consensus based on professional opinion of respondents, on a
scale of 0 to 10 where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective.
2006, Zimbabwe Republic Police.
VEHICLE STANDARDS
Car manufacturers required to adhere to standards on
Fuel consumption
Seat-belt installation for all seats
Riders motorized
2- or 3-wheelers (1%)
No
No
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
2 500
Number of road traffic deaths
BAC limit – general population
BAC limit – young or novice drivers
Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints
Road traffic deaths involving alcohol
Enforcementa
Yes
0.08 g/dl
0.08 g/dl
Yes
<1%b
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY
2 000
1 500
1 000
500
0
ROAD SAFETY AUDITS
Formal audits required for major new road construction projects
Regular audits of existing road infrastructure
1971
Yes
Yes
PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
National policies to promote walking or cycling
National policies to promote public transportation
— Data not available.
n/a Data not required/not applicable.
1981
1986
1991
2001
2006
Source: Zimbabwe Police General Headquarters, Planning and
Development Statistics Bureau
REGISTERED VEHICLES
Yes
Yes
1 556 586 total (2007)
Motorcars
Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers
Minibuses, vans, etc. (seating <20)
Trucks
Buses
Other
226
1996
Year
No
No
POST-CRASH CARE
Formal, publicly available pre-hospital care system
National universal access number
1976
78%
7%
5%
7%
1%
2%
Data cleared by the Ministry of Health and Child Welfare.
Statistical annex
1. Explanatory notes
t#BDLHSPVOE
t%BUBQSPDFTTJOH
t5ZQFTPGEBUBVUJMJ[FE
3FQPSUFEEBUB
"EKVTUFEEBUB
.PEFMMFEEBUB
t3FGFSFODFT
5BCMFT
A.1
/BUJPOBMEBUBDPPSEJOBUPSTCZDPVOUSZBSFBBOE8)0SFHJPO
A.2
7FIJDMFTSPBEUSBGmDEFBUITBOEQSPQPSUJPOPGSPBEVTFSTCZDPVOUSZBSFB
A.3
%SJOLJOHBOEESJWJOHMBXTFOGPSDFNFOUBOESPBEUSBGmDEFBUITBUUSJCVUFE
UPBMDPIPMCZDPVOUSZBSFB
A.4
4FBUCFMUBOEDIJMESFTUSBJOUMBXTFOGPSDFNFOUBOEXFBSJOHSBUFTCZ
DPVOUSZBSFB
A.5
4QFFEMBXTBOEFOGPSDFNFOUCZDPVOUSZBSFB
A.6
)FMNFUMBXTFOGPSDFNFOUBOEXFBSJOHSBUFTCZDPVOUSZBSFB
A.7
3PBETBGFUZNBOBHFNFOUTUSBUFHJFTBOEQPMJDJFTCZDPVOUSZBSFB
A.8
1SFIPTQJUBMDBSFTZTUFNTCZDPVOUSZBSFB
Explanatory notes
Background
5IFEBUBQSFTFOUFEJOUIFGPMMPXJOHQBHFTXFSFPCUBJOFEUISPVHIBTFMGBENJOJTUFSFERVFTUJPOOBJSFJNQMFNFOUFEJO
UIFDPVOUSJFTBOEBSFBTUIBUQBSUJDJQBUFEJOUIFmSTUHMPCBMTVSWFZPOSPBETBGFUZJO5IFTVSWFZGPDVTFE
POUIFSFDPNNFOEBUJPOTPGUIFWorld report on road traffic injury prevention BTUIFCBTJTGPSJUTTUSVDUVSFBOE
DPOUFOU.PTUDPVOUSJFTVTFEUIFTBNFNFUIPEPMPHZGPSEBUBDPMMFDUJPOBTPVUMJOFEJOBTVSWFZQSPUPDPMEFWFMPQFE
GPSUIFTUVEZ*OPWFSPGUIFDPVOUSJFTUIFJNQMFNFOUBUJPOPGUIFTVSWFZXBTDPPSEJOBUFECZB/BUJPOBM%BUB
$PPSEJOBUPS/%$
JEFOUJmFECZUIFDPVOUSZBOEXBTDPNQMFUFECZUFBNTPGÒLFZSFTQPOEFOUTJODMVEJOHUIF
/%$5IF/%$TXFSFUSBJOFEJOUIFNFUIPEPMPHZBOEDPPSEJOBUFEUIFDPMMFDUJPOWBMJEBUJPOBOEDMFBSBODFPG
EBUBBTXFMMBTUIFEBUBFOUSZJOUIFDPVOUSJFTDPODFSOFE5IFTVSWFZJOTUSVNFOUQSPUPDPMBOEBDDPNQBOZJOH
HVJEFMJOFTBOEUSBJOJOHNBUFSJBMTXFSFBMMBWBJMBCMFJOUIFTJY8)0MBOHVBHFT"SBCJD$IJOFTF&OHMJTI'SFODI
3VTTJBOBOE4QBOJTI
8IFSFOFFEFE/%$TDPPSEJOBUFEUIFUSBOTMBUJPOPGUIFTFEPDVNFOUTJOUPUIFMPDBMMBOHVBHF
BOEUIFOCBDLUSBOTMBUFEUIFNGPSUIFEBUBFOUSZXIJDIXBTEPOFJO&OHMJTI.PSFEFUBJMTPOUIFNFUIPEPMPHZ
VTFEGPSEBUBDPMMFDUJPODBOCFGPVOEBUXXXXIPJOUWJPMFODF@JOKVSZ@QSFWFOUJPOSPBE@TBGFUZ@TUBUVT
5IFGPMMPXJOHTFDUJPOTDPOUBJODPVOUSZCZDPVOUSZEBUBPCUBJOFEGSPNUIFTVSWFZ
t 5BCMF " JODMVEFT UIF MJTU PG /%$T XIP JO DPMMBCPSBUJPO XJUI OBUJPOBM BVUIPSJUJFT QMBZFE B LFZ QBSU JO
DPOEVDUJOHUIFTVSWFZ
t 5BCMF"QSPWJEFTEFUBJMFEEBUBPOUIFEBZBEKVTUFEOVNCFSBOESBUFTQFSQPQVMBUJPOPGSPBEUSBGmD
EFBUITBOEPOUIFQSPQPSUJPOPGSPBEVTFSTCZDPVOUSZBSFB5IFUBCMFBMTPJODMVEFTNPEFMMFESPBEUSBGmD
EFBUIOVNCFSTXIJDIIBWFCFFOHFOFSBUFE"TIPSUEFTDSJQUJPOPGUIFQSPDFTTJTQSFTFOUFECFMPX
t 5BCMFT"o"QSPWJEFJOGPSNBUJPOPOUIFTUBUVTPGMBXTUIFFOGPSDFNFOUPGMBXTBOEUIFDPWFSBHFXFBSJOH
SBUFTSFMBUJOHUPUIFmWFSPBEUSBGmDSJTLGBDUPSTBMDPIPMTFBUCFMUTDIJMESFTUSBJOUTTQFFEBOEIFMNFUT
t 5BCMF"DPOUBJOTEBUBPOQPMJDZSFMBUFESFTQPOTFT
t 5BCMF"JODMVEFTJOGPSNBUJPOSFMBUFEUPUIFBWBJMBCJMJUZPGQSFIPTQJUBMDBSF
5IF GPMMPXJOH TFDUJPO HJWFT B CSJFG EFTDSJQUJPO PG UIF EBUB QSPDFTTJOH UIF DPNNFOUT PO UIF PCUBJOFE SFTVMUT
TQFDJmDBMMZPOUIFSFQPSUFEBEKVTUFEBOENPEFMMFEDPVOUSZMFWFMEFBUIEBUB
BOEUIFNFUIPEVTFEUPEFWFMPQ
UIFNPEFM
Data processing
5IFEBUBQSPDFTTJOHJOWPMWFEDPNQMFUJPOPGUIFTVSWFZJOTUSVNFOUBOEEBUBFOUSZBUBDPVOUSZMFWFMBOEWBMJEBUJPO
BUBSFHJPOBMMFWFM%BUBDMFBOJOHBOBMZTJTBOESFQPSUXSJUJOHXFSFEPOFBU8)0IFBERVBSUFSTJO(FOFWB
Reporting of country-level data
5IFmOBMDPVOUSZSFTQPOTFTXFSFFOUFSFECZ/%$TJOUPBOPOMJOFEBUBCBTFTQFDJBMMZQSFQBSFECZ8)0GPSUIJT
QSPKFDU/%$TBMTPVQMPBEFETVQQPSUJOHEPDVNFOUTXIFSFBQQMJDBCMFBOEBWBJMBCMF%BUBXFSFUIFOWBMJEBUFEBU
BSFHJPOBMMFWFM0ODFmOBMJ[FEBOEBQQSPWFECZ3FHJPOBM%BUB$PPSEJOBUPST3%$T
UIFEBUBXFSFUIFOFYQPSUFE
JOUP .JDSPTPGU &YDFM GPS DMFBOJOH "U UIJT TUBHF FBDI DPVOUSZT EBUB XFSF FYBNJOFE GPS BDDVSBDZ DPOTJTUFODZ
BOEWBMJEJUZPOBRVFTUJPOCZRVFTUJPOCBTJT8IFSFOFDFTTBSZ/%$TXFSFDPOUBDUFEBOEBEEJUJPOBMTVQQPSUJOH
EPDVNFOUTXFSFSFRVFTUFEUPDMBSJGZJODPOTJTUFODJFT"DPQZPGUIFTVSWFZJOTUSVNFOUBOETUVEZQSPUPDPMDBOCF
GPVOEBUXXXXIPJOUWJPMFODF@JOKVSZ@QSFWFOUJPOSPBE@TBGFUZ@TUBUVT
"TQBSUPGUIFEBUBDMFBOJOHBOEWBMJEBUJPOQSPDFTTFYQMPSBUPSZBOBMZTJTXBTEPOFVTJOH45"5" 5IFTBNF
TPGUXBSFXBTVTFEGPSBMMBOBMZTJTBOESFTVMUTQSFTFOUFEJOUIFFBSMJFSTFDUJPOTPGUIJTSFQPSU
Types of data utilized
5ISFFUZQFTPGEBUBBSFVTFEJOUIJTSFQPSU
t SFQPSUFEEBUBGSPNDPVOUSJFTBOETFDPOEBSZTPVSDFT
t EBUBBEKVTUFEGPSUIFEBZEFmOJUJPOPGBSPBEUSBGmDEFBUIJOPSEFSUPGBDJMJUBUFDPNQBSBCJMJUZ
t NPEFMMFEOVNCFST
Reported data
*OBEEJUJPOUPUIFEBUBPCUBJOFEEJSFDUMZGSPNDPVOUSJFTTFDPOEBSZEBUBTPVSDFTXFSFVTFEUP
t DMBTTJGZDPVOUSJFTJOUPJODPNFDBUFHPSJFT
t HFOFSBUFSPBETBGFUZJOEJDBUPSTTVDIBTUIFBEKVTUFESPBEUSBGmDEFBUITBOENPEFMMFESPBEUSBGmDEFBUISBUFT
XJUIBDPOmEFODFJOUFSWBM
BTSFQPSUFEJO5BCMF"
1PQVMBUJPOBOEJODPNFEBUBGSPNUIF6OJUFE/BUJPOT1PQVMBUJPO%JWJTJPO!BOEUIF8PSME#BOL"XFSFVTFE
GPSUIJTBOBMZTJT
1PQVMBUJPOFTUJNBUFTGPSBSFSFQPSUFEJO5BCMF"8IFSFUIFSFXBTOPFTUJNBUFBWBJMBCMFGPSBDPVOUSZ
GPS UIBU ZFBS QVCMJTIFE EBUB GPS UIF MBUFTU ZFBS XFSF VTFE 'PS UIF NPEFMMJOH QSPDFTT QPQVMBUJPO FTUJNBUFT
DPSSFTQPOEJOHUPUIFZFBSPGSFQPSUJOHXFSFVTFE".
*O5BCMF"8PSME#BOL"UMBTNFUIPE
HSPTTOBUJPOBMJODPNFQFSDBQJUB(/*
GPS#PSMBUFTUBWBJMBCMF
ZFBS
XBTVTFEUPDBUFHPSJ[FDPVOUSJFTJOUP
t MPXJODPNFPSMFTT
t NJEEMFJODPNFUP
t IJHIJODPNFPSNPSF
.PSFEFUBJMFETVCHSPVQJOHTXFSFVTFEJOUIFNPEFMMJOHQSPDFTT
Adjusted data
"TEJTDVTTFEJOUIFmSTUTFDUJPOPGUIJTSFQPSUTFFQBHF
VOEFSSFQPSUJOHIBTCFFOBDLOPXMFEHFEGPSNBOZ
ZFBSTBTBOJNQPSUBOUSFBTPOGPSUIFEJGmDVMUZJODPNQBSJOHSPBEUSBGmDDSBTIEBUBCFUXFFODPVOUSJFT"EEJUJPOBMMZ
UIFMBDLPGIBSNPOJ[FEEFmOJUJPOTGPSSPBEUSBGmDEFBUITUIFVTFPGEJGGFSFOUEBUBTPVSDFTBOEUIFRVBMJUZPGUIF
SFQPSUJOHTZTUFNIBWFBMTPCFFOEPDVNFOUFE$POTFRVFOUMZBOVNCFSPGNFDIBOJTNTXFSFFNQMPZFEUPBEESFTT
TPNFPGUIFTFJTTVFTJOPSEFSUPNBLFEBUBNPSFDPNQBSBCMF5IJTHMPCBMTVSWFZFNQMPZFEUIFGPMMPXJOHUXP
NFUIPET
t UIF&VSPQFQFBO$POGFSFODFPG.JOJTUFSTPG5SBOTQPSU&$.5
TUBOEBSEJ[FEEBZSPBEDSBTIGBUBMJUZGBDUPST$
UPBEKVTUBMMSFQPSUFEDPVOUSZBSFBEBUB
t BNPEFMVTJOHOFHBUJWFCJOPNJBMSFHSFTTJPOTFFQBHF
5IFiSFQPSUFEwEBUBJO5BCMF"IBWFCFFOBEKVTUFEUPUIJTEBZEFmOJUJPOTFF5BCMFGPSBEKVTUNFOUGBDUPST
BOEUIFOFXBEKVTUFEOVNCFSJTUIFSFGPSFVTFEJOUIFDPSSFTQPOEJOHNPEFMBOEJUTSFTVMUJTQSFTFOUFEJO5BCMF
A.2.
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
Table 1. ECMT standardized 30-day road
crash fatality adjustment factors
30-DAY TOTAL
ADJUSTMENT FACTOR
ON THE SCENE/1 DAY
77%
1.30
3 DAYS
87%
1.15
6 DAYS
92%
1.09
7 DAYS
93%
1.08
30 DAYS
100%
1.00
365 DAYS
103%
0.97
Modelled data
Developing a model
#FGPSFUIFNPEFMMJOHFYFSDJTFTJNQMFFYQMPSBUPSZBOBMZTFTXFSFEPOFUPFWBMVBUFUIFEJTUSJCVUJPOPGUIFSFQPSUFE
EBUBUPJEFOUJGZQPUFOUJBMPVUMJFSTBOEUPEFUFSNJOFUIFFYUFOUPGNJTTJOHEBUB%FDJTJPOTBTUPXIFUIFSUPJODMVEF
UIFTFPVUMJFSTJOUIFBOBMZTFTPSXIFUIFSUPFYDMVEFUIFNXFSFUBLFOBUTFWFSBMTUBHFTPGUIFBOBMZTJT8IFSF
BQQSPQSJBUFJNQVUBUJPOXBTEPOFUPDPNQFOTBUFGPSNJTTJOHJOGPSNBUJPO
Completeness of data
)BWJOHBEKVTUFEUIFSFQPSUFEEBUBUPBEBZEFmOJUJPOUPGBDJMJUBUFDPNQBSBCJMJUZUIFOFYUTUFQJOUIFQSPDFTT
XBTUPFYQMPSFUIFDPNQMFUFOFTTPGUIFSFQPSUFEEFBUIEBUBPOUIFCBTJTPGSFQPSUFEWJUBMSFHJTUSBUJPO73
EBUB
*OGPSNBUJPOPOUIFDPNQMFUFOFTTPG73EBUBXBTPCUBJOFEGSPNQSFWJPVT8)0QVCMJTIFESFQPSUT%&BOEXBT
VQEBUFEXJUIUIFMBUFTUJOGPSNBUJPOGSPNUIF8)0NPSUBMJUZEBUBCBTF5IJTJOGPSNBUJPOXBTUIFOVTFEUPDMBTTJGZ
DPVOUSJFTJOUPUXPHSPVQTOBNFMZ
(SPVQ DPVOUSJFT XJUI 73 DPNQMFUFOFTT HSFBUFS PS FRVBM UP BOE FYUFSOBM DBVTFT PG EFBUI DPEFE UP
VOEFUFSNJOFEJOUFOUMFTTUIBO5BCMF
(SPVQ DPVOUSJFTXJUI73DPNQMFUFOFTTMFTTUIBOPSFYUFSOBMDBVTFTPGEFBUIDPEFEUPVOEFUFSNJOFE
JOUFOUHSFBUFSUIBO
Group 1DPVOUSJFTJODMVEFIJHIJODPNFNJEEMFJODPNFBOEMPXJODPNFDPVOUSJFT5BCMF
%BUBGSPN
UIFTFDPVOUSJFTXFSFVTFEBTBSFGFSFODFJODPOTUSVDUJOHUIFOFHBUJWFCJOPNJBMNPEFM"TTVDIOPFTUJNBUJPOXBT
EPOFGPSUIFTFDPVOUSJFT
Group 2DPVOUSJFTJODMVEFIJHIJODPNFNJEEMFJODPNFBOEMPXJODPNFDPVOUSJFT&TUJNBUFEEBUBCBTFE
POUIFQSFEJDUJPONPEFMEFTDSJCFEBCPWFBSFQSPWJEFEGPSUIFTFDPVOUSJFT
$PVOUSJFTBSFBTXJUIQPQVMBUJPOTPGMFTTUIBOBOEXIJDIUIVTIBWFMPXOVNCFSTPGEFBUITXFSFBMTP
FYDMVEFEGSPNUIFNPEFMMJOHQSPDFTT5BCMF
5BCMF"HJWFTUIFEBZBEKVTUFEOVNCFSPGEFBUITGPSBMMDPVOUSJFTBOEGPSHSPVQDPVOUSJFTUIFNPEFMMFE
OVNCFSPGEFBUITXJUIBDPOmEFODFJOUFSWBM5IPTFXJUIPVUBSBOHFBSF(SPVQBOEUIFDPVOUSJFTJO5BCMF
XIFSFOPNPEFMMJOHXBTEPOF
231
Table 2. Countries/areas in Group 1
COUNTRY/AREA
INCOME LEVEL
COUNTRY/AREA
INCOME LEVEL
Argentina
MIC
Panama
MIC
Australia
HIC
Poland
MIC
Austria
HIC
Portugal
HIC
Bahamas
HIC
Qatar
HIC
Bahrain
HIC
Republic of Korea
HIC
Barbados
MIC
Republic of Moldova
MIC
Belarus
MIC
Romania
MIC
Belgium
HIC
Russian Federation
MIC
Belize
MIC
Saint Lucia
MIC
Bosnia and Herzegovina
MIC
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
MIC
Brazil
MIC
Serbia
MIC
Brunei Darussalam
HIC
Singapore
HIC
Bulgaria
MIC
Slovakia
HIC
Canada
HIC
Slovenia
HIC
Chile
MIC
South Africa
MIC
Colombia
MIC
Spain
HIC
Costa Rica
MIC
Sweden
HIC
Croatia
MIC
Switzerland
HIC
Cuba
MIC
Thailand
MIC
Cyprus
HIC
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
MIC
Czech Republic
HIC
Tonga
MIC
Estonia
HIC
Trinidad and Tobago
HIC
Fiji
MIC
Ukraine
MIC
Finland
HIC
United Kingdom
HIC
France
HIC
United States of America
HIC
Georgia
MIC
Uruguay
MIC
Germany
HIC
Uzbekistan
LIC
Greece
HIC
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
MIC
Hungary
HIC
Iceland
HIC
LIC = low-income countries
MIC = middle-income countries
HIC = high-income countries
Ireland
HIC
Israel
HIC
Italy
HIC
Japan
HIC
Kazakhstan
MIC
Kuwait
HIC
Kyrgyzstan
LIC
Latvia
MIC
Lithuania
MIC
Malaysia
MIC
Malta
HIC
Mauritius
MIC
Mexico
MIC
Montenegro
MIC
Netherlands
HIC
New Zealand
HIC
Norway
HIC
232
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
Table 3. Countries/areas with
population size less than 100 000
COUNTRY/AREA
INCOME LEVEL
a
British Virgin Islands
HIC
Cook Islands
HIC
Kiribati
MIC
Marshall Islands
MIC
Nauru
MIC
Palau
MIC
San Marino
HIC
Seychelles
MIC
Tuvalu
MIC
a
Non-member area.
MIC = middle-income countries
HIC = high-income countries
Variables used in the model
5BCMFTVNNBSJ[FTUIFJOEFQFOEFOUWBSJBCMFTVTFEJOUIFNPEFMBOEUIFEBUBTPVSDF
Table 4. Independent variables used in modelling process
VARIABLE
SOURCE OF INFORMATION
Income (GNI)
World Bank "#
Income level
World Bank #
Population
COMMENTS
Grouping used: low, middle, lower middle, upper middle, high. Designation based on
2000–2004 World Bank data, corresponding to year of income level used
Estimated figures from UN Population Division !
Vehicle density: Number of cars per
population
Number of vehicles: This GSRRS survey
Population: World Bank !
Road density: Total road per land area
2000–2006 World Road Statistics,
International Road Federation, 2008 '
Total road/land km2
Corresponding or latest year data
Existence of national helmet law
This GSRRS survey
WHO questionnaire
National policies that encourage walking
and/or cycling
This GSRRS survey
WHO questionnaire
National policies that support investment
in public transport
This GSRRS survey
WHO questionnaire
National speed limits on urban roads
This GSRRS survey
WHO questionnaire
National speed limits on rural roads
This GSRRS survey
WHO questionnaire
Alcohol consumption
World Health Statistics, 2008 Alcohol consumption among adults aged >15 years for 2003
Strength of health system
World Health Statistics, 2008 Hospital beds (per 10 000 population)
GSRRS = Global Status Report on Road Safety
GNI = Gross National Income per capita
Estimation method
5IFUIJSETUBHFVTFEEBUBGSPN(SPVQDPVOUSJFTUPEFWFMPQBTUBUJTUJDBMNPEFMUPQSFEJDUSPBEUSBGmDEFBUIT
QPJOUFTUJNBUFT
GPS(SPVQDPVOUSJFTJODMVEJOHDPOmEFODFMJNJUT5IFGSBNFXPSLVTFEUPQSFEJDUSPBE
USBGmDNPSUBMJUZXBTDPOTUSVDUFEVTJOHTFMFDUFEWBSJBCMFTJEFOUJmFEUISPVHIBMJUFSBUVSFSFWJFX
XIJDIIBWFEJSFDU
SFMBUJPOTIJQUPUIFPVUDPNFWBSJBCMFSPBEUSBGmDEFBUI
5IFTFWBSJBCMFTXFSFMBUFSHSPVQFEJOUPUISFFDBUFHPSJFT
FYQPTVSFGBDUPST&j
SJTLPSQSFWFOUJWFGBDUPST3j
BOENJUJHBUJOHGBDUPST.j
(SPTTOBUJPOBMJODPNF*j
IBTBO
JOnVFODFPOUIFmSTUUXPDBUFHPSJFT'JHVSF
*OUIJTGSBNFXPSLUIFSPBEUSBGmDNPSUBMJUZPVUDPNF:j
JTBGVODUJPOPGBTFUPGJOEFQFOEFOUWBSJBCMFTEFTDSJCFE
BTFYQPTVSFGBDUPST&j
SJTLPSQSFWFOUJWFGBDUPST3j
NJUJHBUJOHGBDUPST.j
BOEHSPTTOBUJPOBMJODPNF*j
5IJT
DBOCFFYQSFTTFEBTGPMMPXTYj= f (Rj, Mj, Ij, Ej).
5IFSFMBUJPOTIJQCFUXFFOUIFPVUDPNFBOEUIFJOEFQFOEFOUWBSJBCMFTJTBOPOMJOFBSGVODUJPO5IFOVNCFSPGEFBUIT
:j
JTBOPOOFHBUJWFJOUFHFSDPVOUEBUBUIVTUIFTUBOEBSEBQQSPBDIUPCFVTFEJTUIF1PJTTPOSFHSFTTJPOPS
BOPUIFSGPSNPGSFHSFTTJPOCBTFEPOUIF1PJTTPO5IFNPTUDPNNPOMZVTFESFHSFTTJPONPEFMGPSDPVOUEBUBUSFBUT
UIFSFTQPOTF:BTB1PJTTPOWBSJBCMF*OUIF1PJTTPOSFHSFTTJPONPEFMUIFNFBOFRVBMTUIFWBSJBODFDPOEJUJPOBMPO
FYQMBOBUPSZWBSJBCMFT*OQSBDUJDFIPXFWFSUIJTBTTVNQUJPOXBTOPUTBUJTmFE'PSUIJTSFBTPOBOFHBUJWFCJOPNJBM
SFHSFTTJPONPEFMXBTDIPTFOXIFSFUIFBTTVNQUJPOGPSUIFEFQFOEFOUWBSJBODFBOE1PJTTPOTQBSUJDVMBSDBTFPG
OFHBUJWFCJOPNJBMNPEFMBSFBEFRVBUFMZTBUJTmFE
233
Figure 1. Framework for determinants of road traffic mortality
*/%&1&/%&/57"3*"#-&4
%&5&3.*/"/540'30"%53"''*$.035"-*5:
&910463&'"$5034
7FIJDMFEFOTJUZ
3PBEEFOTJUZ
*/$0.&
3*4,'"$5034
13&7&/5*7&03
.0%&3"5*/(.&"463&4
1PMJDJFTPOTQFDJmD
JOUFSWFOUJPOTBOEUIFJS
FOGPSDFNFOU
tBMDPIPM
tTQFFE
tJOWFTUNFOUJOQVCMJD
transport
.*5*("5*/('"$5034
4USFOHUIPGIFBMUITZTUFN
TVDIBTUIFQSFTFODF
PGQSFIPTQJUBMDBSF
FNFSHFODZDBSF
30"%53"''*$.035"-*5:065$0.&:j
"UUIFFOEBOFHBUJWFCJOPNJBMSFHSFTTJPONPEFMMJOHUFDIOJRVFVTJOH45"5"TPGUXBSF XBTVTFEUPQSFEJDUUIF
OVNCFSPGSPBEUSBGmDGBUBMJUJFTXJUIQPQVMBUJPOTJ[FBTBOFYQPTVSFGBDUPS5IFNPEFMXBTDPOTUSVDUFEPOUIF
CBTJTPGSFQPSUFEEBUBGSPNUIF(SPVQDPVOUSJFTBSFBTNFOUJPOFEJO5BCMF
5IFGVMMJOEFQUIEFTDSJQUJPOPGUIFNFUIPEPMPHZBOEGPSNVMBTGPSUIFNPEFMMJOHQSPDFTTBSFBWBJMBCMFBUUIF
GPMMPXJOHXFCTJUFXXXXIPJOUWJPMFODF@JOKVSZ@QSFWFOUJPOSPBE@TBGFUZ@TUBUVT
234
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
References
1FEFO.FUBMFETWorld report on road traffic injury prevention(FOFWB8PSME)FBMUI0SHBOJ[BUJPO
IUUQXXXXIPJOUWJPMFODF@JOKVSZ@QSFWFOUJPOQVCMJDBUJPOTSPBE@USBGmDXPSME@SFQPSUFOJOEFYIUNM
BDDFTTFE"QSJM
2. STATA – Data analysis and statistical softwareIUUQXXXTUBUBDPNBDDFTTFE"QSJM
3. World population prospects: the 2006 Revision. Highlights/FX:PSL6OJUFE/BUJPOT1PQVMBUJPO%JWJTJPO
4. World development indicators8BTIJOHUPO%$*OUFSOBUJPOBM#BOLGPS3FDPOTUSVDUJPOBOE%FWFMPQNFOU
5IF8PSME#BOL
5. GNI per capita 2007: Atlas method and PPP8BTIJOHUPO%$5IF8PSME#BOLIUUQTJUFSFTPVSDFT
XPSMECBOLPSH%"5"45"5*45*$43FTPVSDFT(/*1$QEGBDDFTTFE"QSJM
+BDPCT(5IPNBT"""TUSPQ"Estimating global road fatalities53-3FQPSU
$SPXUIPSOF5SBOTQPSU
3FTFBSDI -BCPSBUPSZ IUUQXXXUSBOTQPSUMJOLTPSHUSBOTQPSU@MJOLTmMFBSFBQVCMJDBUJPOT@@
53-QEGBDDFTTFE+BOVBSZ
7. Global Burden of Disease, 2004 update(FOFWB8PSME)FBMUI0SHBOJ[BUJPOIUUQXXXXIPJOU
IFBMUIJOGPHMPCBM@CVSEFO@EJTFBTF@SFQPSU@VQEBUFFOJOEFYIUNMBDDFTTFE"QSJM
.BUIFST$%FUBM$PVOUJOHUIFEFBEBOEXIBUUIFZEJFEGSPNBOBTTFTTNFOUPGUIFHMPCBMTUBUVTPGDBVTF
PGEFBUIEBUBBulletin of the World Health Organizationo
World road statistics 2008(FOFWB*OUFSOBUJPOBM3PBE'FEFSBUJPO
World health statistics 2008 (FOFWB 8PSME )FBMUI 0SHBOJ[BUJPO IUUQXXXXIPJOUXIPTJT
XIPTUBUFOJOEFYIUNMBDDFTTFE"QSJM
$BNFSPO"$5SJWFEJ1,Regression analysis of count data&DPOPNFUSJD4PDJFUZ.POPHSBQI/P/FX
:PSL$BNCSJEHF6OJWFSTJUZ1SFTT
235
Table A.1: National data coordinators by country/area and WHO region
COUNTRY/AREA
Afghanistan
Eastern Mediterranean Qarizadah, Wassima
Europe
Bozo, Maksim
Angola
Africa
Chicola, Felix
Americas
Abriata, Graciela
Armenia
Europe
Australia
Western Pacific
Austria
Europe
Kisser, Rupert
Azerbaijan
Europe
Talishinskiy, Rustam
Americas
Rolle, Garlon
Bahamas (the)
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Avetisyan, Lilit
Goldsworthy, John
Eastern Mediterranean Obeid, Amjad
South-East Asia
Rahman, AKM Fazlur
Barbados
Americas
Taylor, Denise Carter
Belarus
Europe
Pikirenia, Ivan
Belgium
Europe
Meerkens, Anne
Americas
Andrewin, Aisha
Belize
Benin
Africa
Bhutan
South-East Asia
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Americas
Europe
Africa
Imorou Karimou, Yacoubou
Karma, Doma
Angulo Martinez, Augusto
Kovacevic, Jasminka; Seranic, Alen
Mmutle, Marvin Golekoamang
Brazil
Americas
Alves da Silva, Marta Maria
British Virgin Islandsa
Americas
George, Ivy
Brunei Darussalam
Western Pacific
Saidon, Rozaly
Bulgaria
Europe
Kovacheva, Irina
Burkina Faso
Africa
Cisse, Ahmad Nassourou
Burundi
Africa
Nzeyimana, Claire
Cambodia
Western Pacific
Raingsey, Prak Piseth
Cameroon
Africa
Missimikim, Martial
Canada
Americas
Jonah, Brian
Cape Verde
Africa
Santos, Antonio
Central African Republic (the)
Africa
Gondamovo, Paul
Chad
Africa
Gocké, Mahamat
Chile
Americas
Rajs, Danuta
China
Western Pacific
Duan, Leilei
Colombia
Comoros (the)
Americas
Africa
Congo (the)
Africa
Cook Islands
Western Pacific
Costa Rica
Croatia
Americas
Europe
Gaitán Rodríguez, Yazmín
Yahaia, Mohamed
Kouni-Okogna, Jean Roger
Herman, Josephine
Guzmán Duarte, Teresita
Brkic Biloš, Ivana
Cuba
Americas
Cyprus
Europe
Antoniades, Costas; Kalakouta, Olga
Czech Republic (the)
Europe
Benesova, Veronika
Democratic Republic of the Congo (the)
Valdés Lazo, Francisco
Africa
Musafiri, Masuga
Dominican Republic
Americas
Pérez, Simon Luis
Ecuador
Americas
Naranjo, Sara
Egypt
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
NAME OF NATIONAL DATA COORDINATOR(S)
Albania
Argentina
236
WHO REGION
Eastern Mediterranean Saad, Rania
COUNTRY/AREA
El Salvador
WHO REGION
Americas
NAME OF NATIONAL DATA COORDINATOR(S)
Morán de García, Silvia
Eritrea
Africa
Abraham Tesfamichael, Ghirmay
Estonia
Europe
Kedars, Ursel
Ethiopia
Africa
Asrat, Abebe
Fiji
Western Pacific
Tuiketei, Timaima
Finland
Europe
Jääskeläinen, Petri
France
Europe
Laumon, Bernard
Gambia (the)
Africa
Camara, Abdoulie
Georgia
Europe
Kheladze, Kakha
Germany
Europe
Schleh, Rosemarieb
Ghana
Africa
Afukaar, Francis
Greece
Europe
Efthymiadis, Dimitrios
Guatemala
Guinea-Bissau
Americas
Africa
Morales Sandoval, Salvador
Vera Cruz De Oliveira, Golda Sayonara
Guyana
Americas
Anderson, Lucy
Honduras
Americas
Cerrato Cruz, Orlin Javier
Hungary
Europe
Bényi, Mária
Iceland
Europe
Thorsteinsdóttir, Rósa
India
Indonesia
South-East Asia
Kumar, Ashok
South-East Asia
Yusharmen
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Eastern Mediterranean Moghisi, Alireza
Iraq
Eastern Mediterranean Khalil, Sundus Shoki
Ireland
Europe
Hayes, Declan
Israel
Europe
Peleg, Kobi; Levi, Sarit
Italy
Europe
Lecce, Maria Giuseppina
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Americas
Grant, Andriene
Western Pacific
Nakahara, Shinji
Eastern Mediterranean Mujahed, Jamil
Europe
Batpenov, Nurlan
Kenya
Africa
Githinji, Wilfred Mwai
Kiribati
Western Pacific
Rubeiariki, Mweritonga
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Lao People's Democratic Republic (the)
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (the)
Lithuania
Eastern Mediterranean Al-Otaibi, Hamed
Europe
Toimatov, Samatbek
Western Pacific
Phoutsavath, Phisith
Europe
Feldmane, Jana
Eastern Mediterranean Akl, Ziad
Africa
Rangoako, Thabiso
Africa
Kekula, Joseph
Eastern Mediterranean Jabeal, Ibrahim Ali
Europe
Meižiene, Ramune
Madagascar
Africa
Rasamilalao, Désiré
Malawi
Africa
Chirwa, James Mathewes
Malaysia
Western Pacific
Ramly, Rosnah
Maldives
South-East Asia
Naaz, Aishath
Mali
Africa
Sylla, Assa
Malta
Europe
Calleja, Neville; Galea, Audrey
Marshall Islands (the)
Western Pacific
Edwards, Russell
237
(Table A.1 continued)
COUNTRY/AREA
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mexico
Traoré, Abdallah Mohamed Khairou
Africa
Jewon, Mahmad Saeed
Americas
Rosas Osuna, Rodrigo
Western Pacific
Mongolia
Western Pacific
Sakhiya, Ariuntuya
Europe
Stojanovic, Svetlana
Morocco
Mozambique
Skilling, Vita
Eastern Mediterranean Boulaajoul, Benaceur
Africa
Sithoe, Paulo Jorge
Myanmar
South-East Asia
Namibia
Africa
Shigwedha, Laina
Nauru
Western Pacific
Dowiyogo, David
Nepal
South-East Asia
Netherlands (the)
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Europe
Western Pacific
Americas
Lwin, Thit
Baral, Prabha
Vis, Martijn
Brown, Jennifer
Torres Araica, Francisca
Niger (the)
Africa
Bagoudou, Chekarao
Nigeria
Africa
Labinjo, Mariam
Norway
Europe
Linhave, Jakob; Vind, Signe
Oman
Eastern Mediterranean Al-Wahaibi, Salim
Pakistan
Eastern Mediterranean Khan, Shahzad Ali
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Western Pacific
Americas
Western Pacific
Aguon, Ismael
Castañedas, Enrique
Kanguma, Peri
Paraguay
Americas
Maldonado de González Cabello, Mercedes
Peru
Americas
Loayza, Manuel
Philippines (the)
Western Pacific
Magturo, Theodora Cecile
Poland
Europe
Król, Barbara
Portugal
Europe
Amann, Gregória Paixão von
Puerto Ricoc
Americas
Lopez Charneco, Magdalena
Qatar
Republic of Korea (the)
Eastern Mediterranean Almusleh, Abdulwahab
Western Pacific
Kim, Young-Taek
Republic of Moldova (the)
Europe
Gornea, Filip
Romania
Europe
Arafat, Raed
Russian Federation (the)
Europe
Kipor, Gennady
Rwanda
Africa
Rurangirwa, Dominique
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Samoa
Americas
Jaime, Alina
Americas
Duncan, Roger
Western Pacific
Vasa, Ponifasio
San Marino
Europe
Gualtieri, Andrea
Sao Tome and Principe
Africa
Lima, Antonio
Saudi Arabia
Eastern Mediterranean Al Enizy, Faisal
Senegal
Africa
Coulibaly, Siaka
Serbia
Europe
Paunovic, Milena
Seychelles
Africa
André, Patrick
Africa
Yansaneh, Ahmed
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Western Pacific
Slovakia
Europe
Smrek, Martin
Europe
Košir, Matej
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
South Africa
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
Africa
NAME OF NATIONAL DATA COORDINATOR(S)
Micronesia (Federated States of)
Montenegro
238
WHO REGION
Western Pacific
Africa
Ho, Seng Tim; Lee, Alvin
Ogaoga, Divinol
Mosako, Magdeline
COUNTRY/AREA
Spain
Sri Lanka
Sudan (the)
Suriname
WHO REGION
Europe
South-East Asia
NAME OF NATIONAL DATA COORDINATOR(S)
Lizarbe, Vicenta
Jayatillaka, Jayalath Pushpakumara
Eastern Mediterranean Idries, Amjad
Americas
Forster, Allan
Swaziland
Africa
Maphanga, Muzi
Sweden
Europe
Lekander, Thomas
Switzerland
Europe
Graz, Bertrand
Syrian Arab Republic (the)
Eastern Mediterranean Hamdan, Ahmad
Tajikistan
Europe
Razzakov, Abduvali
Thailand
South-East Asia
Siriphanich, Tairjing
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Timor-Leste
Europe
South-East Asia
Togo
Africa
Tonga
Western Pacific
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Americas
Tozija, Fimka
Ximenes, Rafael dos Santos
Fatonzoun, Innocent Mawutoe
Akau'ola, Siale
Ruiz, Carla
Eastern Mediterranean Somrani, Naoufel; Frigui, Afif
Turkey
Europe
Inan, Huseyin Fazil
Turkmenistan
Europe
Ovezklichev, Begklich
Tuvalu
Western Pacific
Kaitu, Kakee Pese
Uganda
Africa
Kwamusi, Paul
Ukraine
Europe
Fedenko, Irina
United Arab Emirates (the)
Eastern Mediterranean Altair, Yousef
United Kingdom (the)
Europe
Bellis, Mark; Hughes, Sara
United Republic of Tanzania (the)
Africa
Mang'enya, Rosa
United States of America (the)
Americas
Dellinger, Ann
Uruguay
Americas
Borba, Norberto
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
Viet Nam
Europe
Western Pacific
Americas
Western Pacific
Azizov, Mirhakim; Kasimova, Gulnora
Taura, Ben
Hernández, Fedor
Nguyen, Thi Hong Tu
West Bank and Gaza Stripa
Eastern Mediterranean Naji, Basem
Yemen
Eastern Mediterranean Alraiby, Jamila
Zambia
Africa
Mwali, Mutaba
Zimbabwe
Africa
Magirigide, Nyasha
a
b
c
Non member-area.
Questionnaire completed by the Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt).
Associate WHO Member State.
Table A.2: Vehicles, road traffic deaths and proportion of road users by country/area
GENERAL INFORMATION
Afghanistan
Income levelc
27 145 275
319f
Albania
3 190 012
Angola
Number of
registered vehicles
Low
731 607
3 290
Middle
349 646
17 024 084
2 560
Middle
671 060
Argentina
39 531 115
6 050
Middle
12 399 887
Armenia
3 002 271
2 640
Middle
366 836
Australia
20 743 179
35 960
High
14 774 921
Austria
8 360 746
42 700
High
5 796 973
Azerbaijan
8 467 167
2 550
Middle
784 018
331 278
18 570f
High
27 058
752 648
f
High
382 977
Bahamas (the)
Bahrain
Bangladesh
20 610
158 664 959
470
Low
1 054 057
Barbados
293 891
11 290f
Middle
126 262
Belarus
9 688 795
4 220
Middle
3 147 625
Belgium
10 457 343
40 710
High
6 362 161
Belize
287 699
3 800
Middle
54 225
Benin
9 032 787
570
Low
222 850
Bhutan
658 479
1 770
Middle
35 703
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
9 524 568
1 260
Middle
699 646
Bosnia and Herzegovina
3 934 816
3 790
Middle
675 063
Botswana
1 881 504
5 840
Middle
293 755
191 790 929
5 910
Middle
49 644 025
British Virgin Islands
f
23 000
f
43 686
High
14 505
Brunei Darussalam
390 056
30 580f
High
304 432
7 638 831
4 590
Middle
2 628 680
Brazil
h
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
14 784 291
430
Low
515 453
8 508 232
110
Low
59 486
Cambodia
14 443 679
540
Low
154 389
Cameroon
18 549 176
1 050
Middle
312 259
Canada
32 876 047
39 420
High
530 437
2 430
Middle
54 158
4 342 735
380
Low
5 834
Burundi
Cape Verde
Central African Republic (the)
20 065 000
Chad
10 780 571
540
Low
124 088
Chile
16 634 760
8 350
Middle
2 824 570
China
1 336 317 116
2 360
Middle
145 228 994
46 155 958
3 250
Middle
4 951 225
Colombia
Comoros (the)
839 187
680
Low
22 378
Congo (the)
3 768 086
1 540
Middle
100 000
Cook Islands
13 325
13 098f
Middle
10 692
4 467 625
5 560
Middle
797 902
Costa Rica
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic (the)
GNI per capitab for
2007 in US dollars
Population
numbersa for 2007
COUNTRY/AREA
VEHICLES
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
4 555 398
10 460
Middle
1 949 936
11 267 883
4 571f
Middle
658 003
854 671
24 940
High
592 480
10 186 330
14 450
High
5 455 110
ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
ROAD USER DEATHS (%)
Modelled number of road traffic deathse
Reported number of
traffic deathsd
90% Confidence
interval
Point estimate
Drivers/
passengers
of 4-wheeled
vehicles
Drivers/
passengers of
motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
45.3
9.0
5.7
40.0
13.7
41.7
9.5
6.2
19.4
13.9
60.3
0.3
39.4
Estimated road
traffic death
rate per 100 000
populatione
Cyclists
Pedestrians
Other or
unspecified
users
1 779
10 593
6 234–22 894
39.0
499
445
366–522
13.9
2 358
6 425
4 376–9 803
37.7
5 281
5 427
371
417
1 616
1 616
7.8
70.2
14.8
2.5
12.5
691
691
8.3
59.0
17.4
5.4
15.6
2.6
1 195
1 099
13.0
59.7
1.2
0.9
38.1
0.1
48
48
14.5
64.0
14.0
22.0
0.0
91
91
12.1
59.4
5.5
6.6
28.6
4 108
20 038
12.6
26.2
8.2
2.6
53.7
36
36
12.2
73.7
7.9
0.0
18.4
1 517
1 517
15.7
47.3
3.8
9.1
39.8
1 067
1 067
10.2
56.0
15.2
8.2
9.7
0.0
12.8
23.4
37.0
3.0
25.0
352–489
900–1 319
14 882–29 155
65
45
15.6
63.8
653
2 815
2 080–3 871
31.2
35.0
111
95
72–115
14.4
1 394
1 594
1 214–2 348
428
428
482
636
35 155
g
23.2
9.3
11.0
16.7
59.0
4.0
1.0
35.0
1.0
10.9
61.0
4.7
5.8
23.7
4.8
33.8
70.9
0.8
1.6
26.0
0.7
35 155
18.3
9.8
20.0
4.6
27.9
37.7
425–968
5
5
21.7
83.0
17.0
0.0
0.0
54
54
13.8
75.8
11.1
1.9
9.2
2.1
1 006
1 006
13.2
65.0
0.0
4.5
26.3
4.2
804
4 595
3 241–5 937
31.1
53.0
34.0
13.0
63
1 989
1 425–2 898
23.4
1 668
1 749
1 385–2 410
12.1
14.9
62.8
4.7
13.3
4.2
1 069
5 206
4 060–6 880
28.1
55.0
17.0
18.0
10.0
2 889
2 889
8.8
76.3
7.3
2.5
13.2
0.7
49
133
96–187
25.1
565j
1 399
975–2 091
32.2
2 549–5 482
13.7
24.3
2.6
6.5
40.1
26.6
16.5
22.6
28.1
9.5
26.0
13.8
11.7
17.2
36.1
7.7
33.6
5.5
75.0
8.0
17.0
60.0
40.0
814
3 696
2 280
2 280
96 611
220 783
5 409
5 409
183 428–333 623
34.3
15
254
163–602
30.3
207
1 084
752–1 575
28.8
6
6
45.0
688
688
15.4
38.3
20.0
619
619
13.6
49.9
964
964
8.6
18.0
89
89
10.4
1 222
1 222
12.0
8.6
33.1
18.8
4.5
20.0
6.8
12.0
14.0
33.0
23.0
50.6
28.1
3.4
18.0
59.4
11.4
9.5
19.2
0.5
241
(Table A.2 continued)
COUNTRY/AREA
Democratic Republic of the Congo (the)
Population
numbersa for 2007
GNI per capitab for
2007 in US dollars
VEHICLES
Income levelc
Number of
registered vehicles
62 635 723
140
Low
311 781
9 759 664
3 550
Middle
2 121 244
Ecuador
13 341 197
3 080
Middle
961 556
Egypt
Dominican Republic
75 497 913
1 580
Middle
4 300 000
El Salvador
6 857 328
2 850
Middle
630 638
Eritrea
4 850 763
230
Low
60 849
Estonia
1 335 333
13 200
High
708 794
Ethiopia
83 099 190
220
Low
244 257
838 698
3 800
Middle
78 833
Finland
5 276 892
44 400
High
4 656 370
France
Fiji
61 647 375
38 500
High
39 926 000
Gambia (the)
1 708 681
320
Low
14 450
Georgia
4 395 420
2 120
Middle
567 900
Germany
82 599 471
38 860
High
Ghana
23 478 394
590
Low
931 642
Greece
11 146 918
29 630
High
7 212 236
Guatemala
13 353 911
2 305f
Middle
1 613 796
Guinea-Bissau
55 511 374
1 695 043
200
Low
57 839
737 906
1 300
Middle
127 825
Honduras
7 106 001
1 600
Middle
786 682
Hungary
10 029 683
11 570
High
3 625 386
Guyana
Iceland
301 006
54 100
High
293 299
1 169 015 509
950
Low
72 718 000
231 626 978
1 650
Middle
63 318 522
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
71 208 384
3 470
Middle
17 000 000
Iraq
28 993 374
1 646f
Middle
2 242 269
Ireland
4 300 902
48 140
High
2 444 159
Israel
6 927 677
21 900
High
2 283 634
Italy
58 876 834
33 540
High
43 262 992
2 713 779
3 710
Middle
127 966 709
37 670
High
India
Indonesia
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
320 000
91 378 636
5 924 245
2 850
Middle
841 933
Kazakhstan
15 421 861
5 060
Middle
3 105 954
Kenya
37 537 716
680
Low
1 004 243
95 067
1 170
Middle
f
Kiribati
242
GENERAL INFORMATION
16 000
Kuwait
2 851 144
40 114
High
1 364 790
Kyrgyzstan
5 316 543
590
Low
318 581
Lao People's Democratic Republic (the)
5 859 393
580
Low
641 081
Latvia
2 277 040
9 930
Middle
1 062 935
Lebanon
4 099 115
5 770
Middle
1 400 000
Lesotho
2 007 833
1 000
Middle
—
Liberia
3 750 261
150
Low
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (the)
6 160 483
9 010
Middle
1 826 533
Lithuania
3 389 937
9 920
Middle
1 781 686
Madagascar
19 683 358
320
Low
197 981
Malawi
13 925 070
250
Low
130 000
Malaysia
26 571 879
6 540
Middle
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
11 086
16 825 150
ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
ROAD USER DEATHS (%)
Modelled number of road traffic deathse
Reported number of
traffic deathsd
90% Confidence
interval
Point estimate
Estimated road
traffic death
rate per 100 000
populatione
Drivers/
passengers
of 4-wheeled
vehicles
Drivers/
passengers of
motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
Cyclists
Pedestrians
Other or
unspecified
users
59.0
1.0
365
20 183
14 263–29 458
32.2
40.0
1 838
1 691
1 375–2 058
17.3
87.0
8.0
2 341
1 559
1 198–2 119
11.7
13.5
0.8
15 983
31 439
19 411–47 668
41.6
47.5
0.1
1 493
865
727–1 051
12.6
26.4
2.5
81
2 350
1 301–3 961
48.4
196
196
14.7
66.0
6.0
9.0
19.0
2 441
29 114
35.0
42.8
1.3
0.5
59
59
7.0
75.0
380
380
7.2
70.3
10.8
5.8
12.6
0.5
4 620
4 620
7.5
59.2
25.0
3.1
12.1
0.6
54
625
737
737
16.8
0.0
0.3
27.7
72.0
4 949
4 949
6.0
18.0
10.0
14.0
1.0
1 856
6 942
1 657
1 657
755
1 968
152
207
19 562–44 710
420–897
5 129–9 892
5.0
0.5
43.2
42.0
1.9
20.1
30.4
4.2
63.1
3.8
54.8
0.6
25.0
36.6
58.0
29.6
46.0
5.0
4.5
42.0
2.5
14.9
50.3
30.2
1.3
16.1
2.1
1 701–2 446
14.7
77.5
0.0
22.6
583
383–1 209
34.4
147
104–198
19.9
34.7
15.9
15.9
30.0
3.4
1 266
959
794–1 187
13.5
72.0
5.0
5.0
9.0
9.0
1 232
1 232
12.3
54.4
10.1
11.7
22.7
1.1
g
30
30
10.0
85.0
5.0
105 725
196 445
155 727–266 999
16.8
15.1
27.4
4.3
12.6
40.5
16 548
37 438
29 785–65 158
16.2
7.0
61.0
13.0
15.0
4.0
22 918
25 491
18 726–34 337
35.8
44.9
11.4
33.3
11.0
1 932
11 059
6 933–21 500
38.1
365
365
8.5
61.9
7.9
2.5
20.0
7.7
398
398
5.7
57.6
9.3
1.5
31.6
5 669
5 669
350
334
6 639
6 639
992
2 027
4 714
4 714
3 760
12 918
7
7
270–397
1 407–3 188
10.0
9.6
49.0
26.0
5.5
13.4
12.3
52.0
9.0
8.0
31.0
5.0
37.1
17.6
12.8
32.3
34.2
75.2
0.1
16.2
34.4
42.8
1.2
7.4
51.0
44.0
482
482
16.9
1 214
1 214
22.8
656
1 075
407
407
536
1 170
837–1 625
28.5
402
537
407–728
26.7
—
1 235
770–2 668
32.9
2 138
2 497
1 518–3 760
40.5
60.0
759
759
22.4
594
6 641
4 680–9 859
33.7
839
3 614
2 599–5 064
6 282
6 282
864–1 328
55.0
g
0.2
24.7
30.6
7 459–29 191
6.1
9.0
83.8
47.0
6.0
1.0
43.0
1.0
18.3
17.9
50.4
4.2
8.1
37.3
17.6
0.2
0.0
34.0
48.2
5.0
15.0
20.0
53.7
4.5
6.9
31.9
3.0
26.0
36.0
0.8
18.0
45.0
0.2
23.6
23.3
58.0
3.0
10.1
5.6
243
(Table A.2 continued)
COUNTRY/AREA
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Islands (the)
Population
numbersa for 2007
GNI per capitab for
2007 in US dollars
VEHICLES
Income levelc
Number of
registered vehicles
305 556
3 200
Middle
33 807
12 336 799
500
Low
167 245
406 582
f
14 575
High
346 118
59 286
3 070
Middle
Mauritania
3 123 813
840
Low
350 000
Mauritius
1 261 641
5 450
Middle
334 125
106 534 880
8 340
Middle
24 970 879
Mexico
Micronesia (Federated States of)
2 487
111 117
2 470
Middle
4 217
2 628 840
1 290
Middle
161 989
597 983
5 180
Middle
199 014
Morocco
31 224 137
2 250
Middle
2 284 060
Mozambique
21 396 916
320
Low
258 680
Myanmar
48 798 212
f
281
Low
1 045 105
Namibia
2 074 146
3 360
Middle
239 612
Nauru
10 152
f
7 842
Middle
Nepal
28 195 994
340
Low
617 305
Netherlands (the)
16 418 824
45 820
High
8 862 935
New Zealand
4 178 525
28 780
High
3 189 131
Nicaragua
5 603 190
980
Middle
382 707
Niger (the)
14 225 521
280
Low
76 061
Nigeria
148 092 542
930
Low
7 600 000
Norway
4 698 097
76 450
High
2 599 712
Oman
2 595 133
11 275f
Middle
629 670
163 902 405
870
Low
5 287 152
Mongolia
Montenegro
Pakistan
Palau
—
20 314
8 210
Middle
5 530
Panama
3 343 374
5 510
Middle
671 085
Papua New Guinea
6 331 010
850
Low
59 645
Paraguay
6 127 077
1 670
Middle
576 167
Peru
27 902 760
3 450
Middle
1 442 387
Philippines (the)
87 960 117
1 620
Middle
5 515 576
Poland
38 081 971
9 840
Middle
18 035 047
Portugal
10 623 031
18 950
High
5 948 269
3 991 000f
14 720
High
3 165 543
840 635
66 063f
High
605 699
48 223 853
19 690
High
18 213 228
Puerto Ricoj
Qatar
Republic of Korea (the)
Republic of Moldova (the)
Romania
Russian Federation (the)
Rwanda
3 793 604
1 260
Middle
448 202
21 437 887
6 150
Middle
4 611 362
142 498 532
7 560
Middle
38 695 996
9 724 577
320
Low
f
61 000
Saint Lucia
164 924
5 349
Middle
49 700
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
120 402
4 210
Middle
24 334
Samoa
187 023
2 430
Middle
15 903
f
30 926
41 044
High
51 590
157 638
870
Low
1 219
Saudi Arabia
24 734 533
15 440
High
7 398 600
Senegal
12 378 532
820
Low
280 594
Serbia
9 858 424
4 730
Middle
2 235 389
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
244
GENERAL INFORMATION
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
ROAD USER DEATHS (%)
Modelled number of road traffic deathse
Reported number of
traffic deathsd
90% Confidence
interval
Point estimate
Estimated road
traffic death
rate per 100 000
populatione
Drivers/
passengers
of 4-wheeled
vehicles
Drivers/
passengers of
motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
0.0
75.0
25.0
0.0
3.4
35.7
28.6
0.0
35.7
1.7
100.0
36.4
9.3
29.3
5.5
4.4
21.2
1.1
10
56
37–105
18.3
711
3 959
2 695–5 936
32.1
14
14
1
1
262
1 109
140
140
11.1
25.0
22 103
22 103
20.7
67.9
760–1 595
Cyclists
Pedestrians
Other or
unspecified
users
35.5
2
16
12–20
14.4
90.0
562
507
366–719
19.3
64.9
16.7
0.4
17.9
10.0
122
122
20.4
75.4
4.1
0.0
20.5
0.1
3 838
8 850
6 273–12 783
28.3
45.7
16.3
7.1
27.9
3.0
1 952
7 432
5 161–10 872
34.7
31.9
1 638
11 422
6 905–16 883
23.4
46.7
9.6
11.5
30.3
368
594
424–667
28.6
3 453–5 288
15.1
4.8
46.0
18.0
24.0
12.0
68.1
1
1
962
4 245
791
791
423
423
10.1
76.0
9.0
2.0
10.0
506
797
627–1 004
14.2
44.0
13.0
8.0
35.0
570
5 357
3 645–8 074
37.7
67.0
4 532
47 865
34 165–78 249
32.3
233
233
798
553
347–920
21.3
7 234
41 494
28 379–76 695
25.3
1.9
9.9
5.0
g
67.0
3.0
33.0
17.0
3.0
10.0
3.0
3
3
14.8
66.7
425
425
12.7
48.3
1.2
3.9
46.1
308
901
684–1 249
14.2
59.9
0.0
0.8
39.3
854
1 206
896–1 710
19.7
2.8
24.2
1.1
36.9
35.0
18.0
3.0
78.0
1.0
3 510
6 001
3 872–8 672
21.5
1 185
17 557
12 457–33 741
20.0
5 583
5 583
1 110
1 110
452
511
404–665
33.3
14.7
51.0
5.0
9.0
35.0
10.4
54.6
22.1
3.5
16.1
3.7
12.8
48.2
17.3
1.6
31.9
1.1
g
k
4.0
27.0
36.6
20.7
4.9
37.4
0.5
1.9
199
199
23.7
69.0
6 166
6 166
12.8
571
571
15.1
57.3
4.1
2.4
34.3
2 712
2 712
12.7
74.5
8.0
6.8
10.8
35 972
35 972
25.2
62.0
2.1
308
3 077
31.6
16.0
15.8
18.5
40.0
29
29
17.6
89.3
8
8
6.6
44.0
0.0
22.0
33.0
19
24
60.0
20.0
1 972–7 079
0.5
20–29
12.8
1
1
20
52
34–72
33.0
3.2
6 358
7 166
5 535–9 544
29.0
345
4 023
2 797–6 034
32.5
65.3
962
962
9.8
58.6
35.9
9.7
10.7
1.0
20.0
g
34.7
5.6
9.2
25.1
1.5
245
(Table A.2 continued)
COUNTRY/AREA
GENERAL INFORMATION
Population
numbersa for 2007
Seychelles
Income levelc
Number of
registered vehicles
86 606
8 960
Middle
14 880
Sierra Leone
5 865 872
260
Low
39 038
Singapore
4 436 281
32 470
High
851 336
Slovakia
5 390 035
11 730
High
2 039 745
Slovenia
2 001 506
20 960
High
1 286 903
495 662
730
Low
10 000
South Africa
48 576 763
5 760
Middle
9 237 574
Spain
44 279 180
29 450
High
31 441 152
Sri Lanka
19 299 190
1 540
Middle
3 125 794
Sudan (the)
38 560 488
960
Middle
1 200 000
Suriname
457 964
4 730
Middle
151 441
Swaziland
1 141 427
2 580
Middle
116 050
Sweden
9 118 955
46 060
High
5 500 000
Switzerland
7 483 973
59 880
High
5 356 000
Solomon Islands
Syrian Arab Republic (the)
19 928 516
1 760
Middle
1 389 346
Tajikistan
6 735 996
460
Low
268 018
Thailand
63 883 662
3 400
Middle
25 618 447
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
2 038 464
3 460
Middle
259 421
Timor-Leste
1 154 775
1 510
Middle
26 649
Togo
6 585 147
360
Low
48 234
Tonga
100 336
2 320
Middle
2 226
Trinidad and Tobago
1 333 272
14 100
High
490 987
Tunisia
10 327 285
3 200
Middle
1 244 918
Turkey
74 876 695
8 020
Middle
13 311 000
4 965 278
f
1 234
Middle
651 564
10 530
2 441f
Middle
906
Uganda
30 883 805
340
Low
Ukraine
46 205 382
2 550
Middle
f
Turkmenistan
Tuvalu
363 658
—
4 380 439
41 082
High
1 754 420
United Kingdom (the)
60 768 946
42 740
High
34 327 520
United Republic of Tanzania (the)
40 453 513
400
Low
577 949
305 826 246
46 040
High
251 422 509
United Arab Emirates (the)
United States of America (the)
Uruguay
3 339 700
6 380
Middle
27 372 260
730
Low
226 180
1 840
Middle
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
27 656 832
7 320
Middle
4 044 013
Viet Nam
87 375 196
790
Low
22 926 230
4 018 000f
1 422f
Middle
78 609
Yemen
22 389 169
870
Low
777 734
Zambia
11 921 999
800
Low
222 188
Zimbabwe
13 349 434
131f
Low
1 556 586
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
West Bank and Gaza Striph
a
b
c
d
e
246
GNI per capitab for
2007 in US dollars
VEHICLES
Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations
Secretariat (2007). E]`ZR^]^cZObW]\^`]a^SQba(BVS $`SdWaW]\VWUVZWUVba. New York:
United Nations.
Gross National Income (GNI) per capita is the dollar value of a country’s final income in a year
divided by its population using Atlas methodology. Data from World Development Indicators
database, World Bank, revised 17 October 2008.
World Development Indicators database: Low-income is $935 or less, middle-income is $936
to $11 455, high-income is $11 456 or more.
Adjusted for 30-day definition of a road traffic death.
Modelled using negative binomial regression. Data from countries with complete vital
registration and countries with a population of less than 100 000 were not included in the
model (see explanatory notes on page 231).
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
f
2007 data not available. Latest available used from http://data.un.org/
Passengers and drivers of any motorized vehicle; includes category "unspecified".
Non-member area.
i
For capital city only.
j
Associate WHO Member State.
k
Cyclists and pedestrians.
— Data not available.
g
h
952 000
—
15 461
ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
ROAD USER DEATHS (%)
Modelled number of road traffic deathse
Reported number of
traffic deathsd
90% Confidence
interval
Point estimate
Drivers/
passengers
of 4-wheeled
vehicles
18.5
65.0
28.3
65.0
20.0
47.7
10.3
27.1
16
16
68
1 661
214
214
4.8
14.9
815
815
15.1
49.6
293
293
14.6
64.5
19
84
16 113
16 113
4 104
4 104
2 334
2 603
2 185–3 097
13.5
2 227
13 362
8 820–19 143
34.7
31.5
1 207–2 441
64–118
Drivers/
passengers of
motorized
2- or 3-wheelers
Estimated road
traffic death
rate per 100 000
populatione
Cyclists
7.0
g
Pedestrians
Other or
unspecified
users
28.0
15.0
8.0
8.5
33.9
18.1
5.8
11.3
0.3
16.9
33.2
56.8
1.8
2.3
39.1
9.3
62.0
19.0
2.0
15.0
1.0
32.8
2.0
12.7
55.8
0.1
65.2
90
84
63–120
18.3
43.3
31.1
3.3
22.2
235
300
218–405
26.3
62.0
2.0
2.0
35.0
471
471
5.2
65.0
16.0
6.0
12.0
370
370
4.9
48.0
22.0
9.0
21.0
3 663
6 552
5 024–8 684
32.9
464
951
767–1 196
14.1
48.7
1.1
6.0
43.6
0.7
12 492
12 492
19.6
11.0
69.7
2.8
8.3
8.2
140
140
6.9
41.4
10.7
3.6
34.3
10.0
49
186
143–255
16.1
613
1 851
1 298–2 557
28.1
7
7
6.3
43.8
7.0
50.0
1.0
207
207
15.5
62.2
1.9
3.7
32.2
1 497
3 568
2 555–4 948
34.5
50.8
14.4
2.6
32.0
0.3
6 022
10 066
8 394–11 839
13.4
55.0
8.0
1.8
18.9
16.3
702
926
694–1 343
18.6
4.6
28.9
66.5
1
1
2 838
7 634
10.4
35.3
0.1
9 921
9 921
1 056
1 626
3 298
3 298
2 595
13 886
42 642
9.5
5 578–11 007
24.7
47.2
21.5
44.3
37.1
70.0
1.5
5.4
55.0
19.0
4.0
21.0
1.0
34.3
38.3
7.2
16.8
36.8
0.9
42 642
13.9
71.6
11.3
1.8
11.2
4.1
24.6
0.7
912–2 570
9 596–21 504
145
145
4.3
2 644
2 644
9.7
7
42
29–58
7.0
55.7
28.5
18.6
6 031
6 031
12 800
14 104
11 987–16 387
21.8
16.1
74.7
188
896
627–1 287
4.9
3 003
6 553
4 021–15 797
29.3
1 645
3 056
2 194–4 291
25.6
35.4
1 348
3 669
2 749–5 127
27.5
62.8
g
4.2
10.6
49.8
1.0
5.3
26.0
4.9
247
Table A.3: Drinking and driving laws, enforcement and road traffic deaths attributed to
alcohol by country/area
HOW DRINK–DRIVING IS DEFINED
NATIONAL
DRINK–DRIVING
LAW
Blood alcohol
concentration (BAC)
Physician
certificate
Breath content
Afghanistan
Yesa
Yes
Yes
Yes
Albania
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Angola
—
n/a
n/a
n/a
Argentina
Yes
Yes
—
—
Armenia
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
—
—
COUNTRY/AREA
248
b
Australia
Subnational
Austria
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Azerbaijan
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Bahamas (the)
Yes
Yes
—
—
Bahrain
Yes
a
Yes
—
Yes
Bangladesh
Yesa
—
Yes
—
Barbados
Yesc
—
Yes
—
Belarus
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Belgium
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Belize
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Benin
Yes
c
—
—
Yes
Bhutan
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
Yes
c
—
—
—
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Botswana
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Brazil
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
British Virgin Islandsd
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Brunei Darussalam
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Bulgaria
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Burkina Faso
Yes
c
—
—
—
Burundi
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Cambodia
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Cameroon
Yes
Yes
—
—
Canada
Yes
Yes
—
—
Cape Verde
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Central African Republic (the)
Yes
Yes
—
—
Chad
Yes
Yes
—
—
Chile
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
China
Yes
Yes
—
—
Colombia
Yes
Yes
—
—
Comoros (the)
Yesa
—
Yes
—
Congo (the)
Yes
Yes
—
—
Cook Islands
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Costa Rica
Yes
Yes
—
—
Croatia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Cuba
Yes
c
—
Yes
—
Cyprus
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Czech Republic (the)
Yes
Yes
—
—
Democratic Republic of the Congo (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
EFFECTIVENESS OF
OVERALL ENFORCEMENT
RANDOM BREATH TESTING
(RESPONDENT
OR POLICE CHECK POINTS
CONSENSUS)
USED FOR ENFORCEMENT
(SCALE 0–10)
NATIONAL MAXIMUM LEGAL BAC LEVELS
For the general
population
(g/dl)
For young or
novice drivers
(g/dl)
For professional
or commercial
drivers
(g/dl)
PROPORTION OF
ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
THAT ARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO
ALCOHOL (%)
Yes
10
0.00
0.00
0.00
—
Yes
8
0.05
0.05
0.05
5.2
—
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
Yes
3
0.05
0.05
0.00
—
Yes
5
0.08
0.08
0.08
6.1
Yes
n/a
0.05
0.02
0.05
30.0
Yes
9
0.05
0.01
0.01
8.1
Yes
9
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.7
Yes
3
0.08
0.08
0.08
5.0
No
4
0.00
0.00
0.00
7.7
—
1
0.00
0.00
0.00
—
Yes
2
—
—
—
—
Yes
7
0.05
0.05
0.05
12.9
Yes
3
0.05
0.05
0.05
—
Yes
3
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
Yes
5
—
—
—
—
No
3
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
Yes
4
—
—
—
—
Yes
6
0.03
0.00
0.00
6.7
Yes
7
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.8
Yes
6
0.02
0.02
0.02
—
Yes
—
0.08
0.08
0.08
4.0
Yes
6
0.08
0.08
0.08
3.7
Yes
7
0.05
0.05
0.05
4.7
—
1
—
—
—
—
Yes
1
0.10
0.10
0.10
70.0
—
—
0.05
0.05
0.05
—
Yes
3
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
Yes
4
0.08
0.04
0.08
30.0
Yes
3
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
Yes
4
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
Yes
0
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
Yes
3
0.05
0.05
0.05
20.9
Yes
8
0.02
0.02
0.02
4.2
Yes
5
0.04
0.04
0.04
2.6
Yes
4
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.0
—
—
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
—
4
0.04
0.04
0.04
—
Yes
6
0.05
0.05
0.05
—
Yes
7
0.05
0.00
0.00
30.0
Yes
4
—
—
—
30.0
Yes
4
0.05
0.05
0.05
18.0
Yes
9
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.4
Yes
5
0.05
0.05
0.05
—
(Table A.3 continued)
NATIONAL
DRINK–DRIVING
LAW
Blood alcohol
concentration (BAC)
Physician
certificate
Breath content
Dominican Republic
Yesc
—
Yes
Yes
Ecuador
Yes
Yes
—
—
Egypt
Yes
c
—
—
—
El Salvador
Yes
Yes
—
—
Eritrea
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Estonia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Ethiopia
Yes
c
—
—
—
Fiji
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Finland
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
France
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Gambia (the)
Yes
c
—
—
—
Georgia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Germany
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
COUNTRY/AREA
Ghana
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Greece
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Subnational
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
Yes
—
Guatemala
Guinea-Bissau
Yes
c
Guyana
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Honduras
Yes
Yes
—
—
Hungary
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Iceland
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
India
Yes
Yes
—
—
Indonesia
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Yes
a
Yes
Yes
Yes
Iraq
Yes
Yes
—
—
Ireland
Yes
Yes
—
—
Israel
Yes
Yes
—
—
Italy
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Jamaica
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Japan
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Jordan
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Kazakhstan
Yes
c
—
Yes
—
Kenya
Yesc
—
Yes
—
Kiribati
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Kuwait
Yes
a
Yes
Yes
—
Kyrgyzstan
Yesc
—
Yes
Yes
Lao People's Democratic Republic (the)
Yes
Yes
—
—
Latvia
Yes
Yes
—
—
Lebanon
Yes
Yes
—
—
Lesotho
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Liberia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
a
Yes
—
—
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (the)
HOW DRINK–DRIVING IS DEFINED
Yes
Lithuania
Yes
Yes
—
—
Madagascar
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Malawi
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Malaysia
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Maldives
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
EFFECTIVENESS OF
OVERALL ENFORCEMENT
RANDOM BREATH TESTING
(RESPONDENT
OR POLICE CHECK POINTS
CONSENSUS)
USED FOR ENFORCEMENT
(SCALE 0–10)
NATIONAL MAXIMUM LEGAL BAC LEVELS
For the general
population
(g/dl)
For young or
novice drivers
(g/dl)
For professional
or commercial
drivers
(g/dl)
PROPORTION OF
ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
THAT ARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO
ALCOHOL (%)
Yes
2
—
—
—
—
Yes
5
0.08
0.08
0.08
9.1
No
4
—
—
—
—
Yes
5
0.05
0.05
0.05
3.5
Yes
6
0.05
0.05
0.03
1.2
Yes
8
0.02
0.02
0.02
48.0
No
1
—
—
—
10.0
Yes
7
0.08
0.00
0.00
27.0
Yes
8
0.05
0.05
0.05
23.9
Yes
4
0.05
0.05
0.05
27.0
Yes
4
—
—
—
—
No
9
0.02
0.02
0.02
37.0
Yes
—
0.05
0.00
0.05
12.0
Yes
2
0.08
0.00
0.08
—
Yes
7
0.05
0.02
0.02
7.2
n/a
n/a
Subnational
Subnational
Subnational
—
No
3
—
—
—
—
Yes
—
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
Yes
4
0.07
0.07
0.07
8.0
Yes
5
0.00
0.00
0.00
12.0
Yes
7
0.05
0.05
0.05
20.0
Yes
3
0.03
0.03
0.03
—
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
Yes
1
0.00
0.00
0.00
—
No
5
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
Yes
No consensus
0.08
0.08
0.08
37.0
Yes
6
0.05
0.05
0.05
7.5
Yes
7
0.05
0.05
0.05
No consensus
No
2
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
Yes
No consensus
0.03
0.03
0.03
8.3
—
3
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
Yes
10
—
—
—
3.2
No
2
—
—
—
—
Yes
2
0.08
0.08
0.08
30.0
Yes
9
0.00
0.00
0.00
—
Yes
4
—
—
—
—
Yes
3
0.08
0.08
0.08
48.0
Yes
7
0.05
0.02
0.05
20.6
Yes
1
0.05
0.05
0.05
—
Yes
5
0.10
0.10
0.10
—
Yes
3
0.05
0.05
0.05
—
No
5
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.0
Yes
6
0.04
0.02
0.02
11.7
Yes
5
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
Yes
4
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
Yes
6
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
—
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
251
(Table A.3 continued)
NATIONAL
DRINK–DRIVING
LAW
Blood alcohol
concentration (BAC)
Physician
certificate
Breath content
Mali
Yesc
—
Yes
Yes
Malta
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Marshall Islands (the)
Yes
c
—
—
—
Mauritania
Yesa
—
—
—
Mauritius
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Mexico
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
COUNTRY/AREA
Micronesia (Federated States of)
Subnational
n/a
n/a
n/a
Mongolia
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Montenegro
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Morocco
No
a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Mozambique
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Myanmar
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Namibia
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Nauru
Yes
Yes
—
—
Nepal
Yesc
—
—
—
Netherlands (the)
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
New Zealand
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Nicaragua
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Niger (the)
Yesc
—
—
—
Nigeria
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Norway
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Oman
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Pakistan
Yesa
—
Yes
—
Palau
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Panama
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Papua New Guinea
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Subnational
n/a
n/a
n/a
Paraguay
Peru
Yes
Yes
—
—
Philippines (the)
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
Poland
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
—
Portugal
f
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Qatar
Yes
Yes
—
—
Republic of Korea (the)
Yes
Yes
—
—
Puerto Rico
252
HOW DRINK–DRIVING IS DEFINED
Republic of Moldova (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Romania
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Russian Federation (the)
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Rwanda
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Saint Lucia
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Yesc
—
—
—
Samoa
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
San Marino
Yes
Yes
—
—
Sao Tome and Principe
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
Saudi Arabia
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Senegal
Yes
Yes
—
—
Serbia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Seychelles
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
EFFECTIVENESS OF
OVERALL ENFORCEMENT
RANDOM BREATH TESTING
(RESPONDENT
OR POLICE CHECK POINTS
CONSENSUS)
USED FOR ENFORCEMENT
(SCALE 0–10)
NATIONAL MAXIMUM LEGAL BAC LEVELS
For the general
population
(g/dl)
For young or
novice drivers
(g/dl)
For professional
or commercial
drivers
(g/dl)
PROPORTION OF
ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
THAT ARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO
ALCOHOL (%)
Yes
3
—
—
—
—
No
4
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
Yes
6
—
—
—
70.0
—
5
0.00
0.00
0.00
—
Yes
5
0.05
0.05
0.05
24.3
Yes
3
Subnational
Subnational
Subnational
—
n/a
n/a
Subnational
Subnational
Subnational
90.0
Yes
6
0.05
0.05
0.05
3.7
Yes
6
0.05
0.05
0.00
—
—
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
3.0
Yes
7
0.06
0.06
0.06
—
Yes
5
0.07
0.07
0.07
—
Yes
5
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
Yes
—
0.05
0.05
0.05
—
Yes
6
—
—
—
—
Yes
No consensus
0.05
0.02
0.05
25.0
Yes
6
0.08
0.03
0.08
31.0
Yes
3
0.05
0.05
0.05
12.0
No
3
—
—
—
1.0
Yes
2
0.05
0.05
0.05
<10.0
Yes
4
0.02
0.02
0.02
20.0–30.0
Yes
4
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
Yes
4
0.00
0.00
0.00
—
Yes
4
0.10
0.00
0.00
100.0e
Yes
6
0.01
0.01
0.01
—
Yes
5
—
—
—
66.0
n/a
3
Subnational
Subnational
Subnational
—
Yes
2
0.05
0.05
0.05
10.8
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
Yes
7
0.02
0.02
0.02
14.0
Yes
8
0.05
0.05
0.05
31.4
Yes
—
0.08
0.00
0.02
41.7
No
6
0.00
0.00
0.00
—
Yes
7
0.05
0.05
0.05
16.1
Yes
2
0.05
0.05
0.05
17.0
Yes
8
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.5
Yes
6
0.03
0.03
0.03
9.7
Yes
8
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
Yes
1
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Yes
1
—
—
—
50.0
Yes
6
0.05
0.05
0.05
—
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
No
7
0.00
0.00
0.00
—
Yes
0
—
—
—
—
Yes
7
0.05
0.05
0.00
6.0
Yes
3
0.08
0.08
0.08
80.0
253
(Table A.3 continued)
HOW DRINK–DRIVING IS DEFINED
NATIONAL
DRINK–DRIVING
LAW
Blood alcohol
concentration (BAC)
Physician
certificate
Breath content
Sierra Leone
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Singapore
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Slovakia
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Slovenia
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Solomon Islands
c
Yes
—
—
—
South Africa
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Spain
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Sri Lanka
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Sudan (the)
Yesa
—
Yes
Yes
Suriname
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
COUNTRY/AREA
Swaziland
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Sweden
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Switzerland
Yes
Yes
—
—
Syrian Arab Republic (the)
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Tajikistan
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Thailand
Yes
Yes
—
—
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Yes
Yes
—
—
Timor-Leste
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Togo
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
Tonga
Yesc
—
Yes
—
Trinidad and Tobago
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Tunisia
Yes
Yes
—
—
Turkey
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Turkmenistan
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Tuvalu
c
Yes
—
—
—
Uganda
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Ukraine
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
United Arab Emirates (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
United Kingdom (the)
Yes
Yes
—
—
United Republic of Tanzania (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
—
United States of America (the)
Uruguay
Yes
Yes
—
—
Uzbekistan
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Vanuatu
Yes
c
—
—
—
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Viet Nam
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
a
—
Yes
—
West Bank and Gaza Strip
d
Yemen
Yes
Zambia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Zimbabwe
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
a
Alcohol is prohibited.
Laws set subnationally, but they all have the same limits.
Not defined by BAC or no standardized definition.
d
Non-member area.
e
Refers to only 3 deaths.
f
Associate WHO Member State.
— Data not available.
n/a Data not applicable.
b
c
254
Subnational
b
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
EFFECTIVENESS OF
OVERALL ENFORCEMENT
RANDOM BREATH TESTING
(RESPONDENT
OR POLICE CHECK POINTS
CONSENSUS)
USED FOR ENFORCEMENT
(SCALE 0–10)
NATIONAL MAXIMUM LEGAL BAC LEVELS
For the general
population
(g/dl)
For young or
novice drivers
(g/dl)
For professional
or commercial
drivers
(g/dl)
PROPORTION OF
ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
THAT ARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO
ALCOHOL (%)
Yes
2
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
Yes
8
0.08
0.08
0.08
7.0
Yes
9
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.3
Yes
6
0.05
0.00
0.00
38.4
Yes
3
—
—
—
55.0
Yes
2
0.05
0.05
0.02
60.0
Yes
7
0.05
0.03
0.03
—
Yes
6
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
No
10
0.00
0.00
0.00
—
Yes
4
0.05
0.05
0.05
—
Yes
6
0.05
0.05
0.05
3.0
Yes
6
0.02
0.02
0.02
20.0
Yes
6
0.05
0.05
0.05
16.0
No
8
0.05
0.05
0.05
—
Yes
9
0.03
0.03
0.03
5.0
Yes
5
0.05
0.05
0.05
4.0
Yes
6
0.05
0.00
0.00
4.6
Yes
0
0.05
0.05
0.05
—
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
Yes
5
—
—
—
25.0
Yes
2
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
Yes
3
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.7
Yes
9
0.05
0.05
0.00
2.0
Yes
10
0.05
0.05
0.05
7.4
Yes
6
—
—
—
—
Yes
3
0.08
0.08
0.00
—
Yes
—
0.00
0.00
0.00
—
Yes
8
0.10
0.10
0.10
—
Yes
No consensus
0.08
0.08
0.08
17.0
Yes
2
0.08
0.08
0.00
1.8
Yes
—
0.08
0.02
0.04
32.0
Yes
1
0.08
0.08
0.08
38.0
Yes
9
—
—
—
—
Yes
6
—
—
—
—
Yes
7
0.08
0.08
0.08
—
Yes
3
0.08
0.08
0.08
34.0
No
1
0.05
0.05
0.05
—
—
—
0.00
0.00
0.00
—
Yes
1
0.08
0.08
0.08
50.0
Yes
3
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.2
255
Table A.4: Seat-belt and child restraint laws, enforcement and wearing rates
by country/area
SEAT-BELTS
There is a national
seat-belt law
The law applies to all
occupants
Enforcement is applied to
the following occupants
Afghanistan
No
n/a
n/a
Albania
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Angola
No
n/a
n/a
Argentina
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Armenia
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Australia
Subnational
Yes
All occupants
Austria
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Azerbaijan
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Bahamas (the)
Yes
Yes
All occupants
COUNTRY/AREA
Bahrain
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Bangladesh
No
n/a
n/a
Barbados
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Belarus
Yes
Yes
—
Belgium
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Belize
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Benin
Subnational
n/a
n/a
Bhutan
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
No
n/a
n/a
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Botswana
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Brazil
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Brunei Darussalam
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Bulgaria
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Burkina Faso
No
n/a
n/a
Subnational
n/a
n/a
Cambodia
Yes
No
—
Cameroon
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Subnational
Yes
All occupants
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
British Virgin Islands
a
Burundi
Canada
Cape Verde
256
Central African Republic (the)
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Chad
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Chile
Yes
Yes
All occupants
China
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Colombia
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Comoros (the)
No
n/a
n/a
Congo (the)
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Cook Islands
No
n/a
n/a
Costa Rica
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Croatia
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Cuba
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Cyprus
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Czech Republic (the)
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Democratic Republic of the Congo (the)
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
SEAT-BELTS
CHILD RESTRAINTS
Effectiveness of
seat-belt law enforcement
(Respondent consensus)
(Scale 0–10)
National seat-belt wearing rate
There is a national child
restraint law
Effectiveness of child
restraint law enforcement
(Respondent consensus)
(Scale 0–10)
n/a
—
No
n/a
9
30% front seats
Yes
8
n/a
—
No
n/a
3
48%
No
n/a
3
—
Yes
5
n/a
97% front seats, 92% rear seats
Subnational
n/a
7
89% front seats, 49% rear seats
Yes
9
9
—
Yes
9
0
—
Yes
0
4
22%
No
n/a
n/a
—
No
n/a
8
—
Yes
7
7
—
Yes
6
3
79% drivers, 46% rear seats
Yes
6
4
—
No
n/a
n/a
—
No
n/a
4
—
No
n/a
n/a
—
No
n/a
7
—
Yes
5
7
74% drivers, 79% rear seats
No
n/a
6
88% front seats, 11% rear seats
Yes
4
7
80%
Yes
5
7
70% front seats
Yes
4
8
—
Yes
4
n/a
—
No
n/a
8
95% front seats, 0% rear seats
No
n/a
1
0%
Yes
0
3
—
No
n/a
7
93% front seats, 87% rear seats
Subnational
8
8
80%
Yes
6
3
—
Subnational
n/a
1
1% front seats, <1% rear seats
No
n/a
5
50% front seats, 42% rear seats
Yes
4
No consensus
50%
b
No
n/a
7
82%
Yes
3
n/a
—
No
n/a
3
—
No
n/a
n/a
—
No
n/a
7
82%
Yes
6
7
45%
Yes
5
8
70% front seats
No
n/a
7
81% front seats, 9% rear seats
Yes
3
8
90% front seats, 80% rear seats
Yes
7
7
80% front seats, 40% rear seats
No
n/a
257
(Table A.4 continued)
There is a national
seat-belt law
The law applies to all
occupants
Enforcement is applied to
the following occupants
Dominican Republic
Yes
No
Driver only
Ecuador
Yes
Yes
Front seat occupants only
COUNTRY/AREA
Egypt
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
El Salvador
Yes
No
Driver only
Eritrea
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Estonia
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Ethiopia
Subnational
n/a
n/a
Fiji
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Finland
Yes
Yes
All occupants
France
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Gambia (the)
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Georgia
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Germany
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Ghana
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Greece
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Guatemala
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Guinea-Bissau
No
n/a
n/a
Guyana
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Honduras
Yes
Yes
Front seat occupants only
Hungary
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Iceland
Yes
Yes
All occupants
India
Yes
Yes
Front seat occupants only
Indonesia
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Yes
Yes
Front seat occupants only
Iraq
Yes
Yes
Front seat occupants only
Ireland
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Israel
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Italy
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Jamaica
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Japan
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Jordan
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Kazakhstan
Yes
Yes
Driver only
Kenya
Yes
Yes
—
Kiribati
Yes
Yes
Driver only
Kuwait
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Kyrgyzstan
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Lao People's Democratic Republic (the)
Yes
Yes
Not yet enforced
Latvia
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Lebanon
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Lesotho
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
d
No
Front seat occupants only
Liberia
258
SEAT-BELTS
No
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (the)
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Lithuania
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Madagascar
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Malawi
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Malaysia
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Maldives
No
n/a
n/a
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
SEAT-BELTS
CHILD RESTRAINTS
Effectiveness of
seat-belt law enforcement
(Respondent consensus)
(Scale 0–10)
National seat-belt wearing rate
There is a national child
restraint law
Effectiveness of child
restraint law enforcement
(Respondent consensus)
(Scale 0–10)
6
55%–60% front seats
No
n/a
3
30% front seats, 10% rear seats
No
n/a
7
70% driver only
No
n/a
7
—
Yes
0
9
—
Yes
2
7
90% front seats, 68% rear seats
Yes
8
n/a
20%
No
n/a
9
95% front seats, 70% rear seats
Yes
5
7
89% front seats, 80% rear seats
Yes
7
8
98% front seats, 83% rear seats
Yes
5
4
—
No
n/a
8
—
Yes
7
—
95%–96% front seats, 88% rear seats
Yes
—
2
—
Yes
0
7
75% front seats, 42% rear seats
Yes
6
5
—
No
n/a
n/a
—
No
n/a
7
—
Yes
0
7
80% front seats, 10% rear seats
No
n/a
4
71% front seats, 40% rear seats
Yes
4
8
88% front seats, 68% rear seats
Yes
8
2
—
No
n/a
7
85%c
No
n/a
8
75%–80%
No
n/a
8
—
No
n/a
No consensus
86% front seats, 63% rear seats
Yes
No consensus
8
88%–94% front seats, 45% rear seats
Yes
5
7
65% front seats, 10% rear seats
Yes
7
5
69% drivers, 62% front passengers
Yes
4
No consensus
91%–96% front seats, 9%–14% rear seats
Yes
No consensus
5
65% drivers, 10% front passenger
No
n/a
7
—
Yes
7
3
—
No
n/a
1
—
Yes
0
3
—
No
n/a
5
—
No
n/a
—
—
No
n/a
7
77% front seats, 32% rear seats
Yes
6
4
15%
No
n/a
5
—
No
n/a
5
—
No
n/a
4
5%
No
n/a
6
—
Yes
5
6
—
No
n/a
6
45%
No
n/a
6
70%
No
n/a
n/a
—
No
n/a
(Table A.4 continued)
There is a national
seat-belt law
The law applies to all
occupants
Enforcement is applied to
the following occupants
Mali
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Malta
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Marshall Islands (the)
No
n/a
n/a
Mauritania
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Mauritius
Yes
Yes
Front seat occupants only
Mexico
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Micronesia (Federated States of)
No
n/a
n/a
Mongolia
Yes
Yes
Front seat occupants only
Montenegro
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Morocco
Yes
Yes
Driver only
Mozambique
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Myanmar
—
—
—
Namibia
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Nauru
No
n/a
n/a
Nepal
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Netherlands (the)
Yes
Yes
All occupants
New Zealand
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Nicaragua
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Niger (the)
No
n/a
n/a
Nigeria
Yes
Yes
Front seat occupants only
Norway
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Oman
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Pakistan
Yes
No
Driver only
Palau
No
n/a
n/a
Panama
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Papua New Guinea
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Paraguay
Yes
Yes
Front seat occupants only
Peru
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Philippines (the)
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Poland
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Portugal
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Puerto Ricog
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Qatar
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Republic of Korea (the)
Yes
Yes
Front seat occupants only
Republic of Moldova (the)
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Romania
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Russian Federation (the)
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Rwanda
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Saint Lucia
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Samoa
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
San Marino
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Sao Tome and Principe
No
n/a
n/a
Saudi Arabia
Yes
Yes
All occupants
COUNTRY/AREA
SEAT-BELTS
Senegal
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Serbia
Yes
Yes
Front seat occupants only
Seychelles
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
SEAT-BELTS
CHILD RESTRAINTS
Effectiveness of
seat-belt law enforcement
(Respondent consensus)
(Scale 0–10)
National seat-belt wearing rate
There is a national child
restraint law
Effectiveness of child
restraint law enforcement
(Respondent consensus)
(Scale 0–10)
5
—
Yes
2
8
96% front seats, 21% rear seats
Yes
6
n/a
5% front seats, 0% rear seats
No
n/a
1
—
Yes
1
8
94% front seats, 10% rear seats
No
n/a
5
—
Yes
1
n/a
100% front seats, 0% rear seats
No
n/a
7
70%–80% drviers
Yes
2
6
—
No
n/a
8
75% front seats, 19% rear seats
No
n/a
—
—
No
n/a
—
—
—
—
6
55% front seats, 1% rear seats
Yes
2
n/a
—
No
n/a
4
—
No
n/a
No consensus
94% front seats, 73% rear seats
Yes
No consensus
9
95% front seats, 87% rear seats
Yes
8
5
—
Yes
3
n/a
—
No
n/a
6
70% front seats
No
n/a
6
93% front seats, 85% rear seats
Yes
9
9
95% front seats, 1% rear seats
No
n/a
3
—
No
n/a
n/a
—
No
n/a
7
—
Yes
3
6
—
No
n/a
No
n/a
5
31% front passengers
e
7
85% front seats, 25% rear seats
No
n/a
3
52% drivers only
No
n/a
7
74% front seats, 45% rear seats
Yes
6
f
f
9
86% front seats, 28% rear seats
Yes
8
—
93%
Yes
No consensus
7
50% front seats
No
n/a
8
77% front seats
Yes
2
No consensus
—
No
n/a
5
80% front seats, 20% rear seats
Yes
3
7
33% front seats
Yes
8
9
80%
No
n/a
7
—
No
n/a
9
90%
Yes
6
3
—
Yes
1
6
—
Yes
6
n/a
<1%
No
n/a
5
—
Yes
2
6
—
No
n/a
4
50%–60% front seats, 4%–5% rear seats
Subnational
n/a
8
65%
No
n/a
261
(Table A.4 continued)
There is a national
seat-belt law
The law applies to all
occupants
Enforcement is applied to
the following occupants
Sierra Leone
Yes
Yesh
All occupantsh
Singapore
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Slovakia
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Slovenia
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Solomon Islands
No
n/a
n/a
South Africa
Yes
Yes
Driver only
Spain
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Sri Lanka
No
n/a
n/a
Sudan (the)
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Suriname
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Swaziland
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Sweden
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Switzerland
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Syrian Arab Republic (the)
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Tajikistan
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Thailand
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
COUNTRY/AREA
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Timor-Leste
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Togo
No
n/a
n/a
Tonga
No
n/a
n/a
Trinidad and Tobago
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Tunisia
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Turkey
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Turkmenistan
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
Tuvalu
No
n/a
n/a
Uganda
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Ukraine
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
United Arab Emirates (the)
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
United Kingdom (the)
Yes
Yes
All occupants
United Republic of Tanzania (the)
Yes
No
Driver only
United States of America (the)
Subnational
n/a
n/a
Uruguay
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Uzbekistan
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Vanuatu
Yes
No
—
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
Yes
Yes
Driver only
Viet Nam
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
West Bank and Gaza Stripa
Yes
Yes
All occupants
Yemen
No
n/a
n/a
Zambia
Yes
Yes
Front seat occupants only
Zimbabwe
Yes
No
Front seat occupants only
a
Non-member area.
Guangzhou and Nanning cities only.
Jakarta only.
d
No law but national regulations apply.
e
Asunción only.
f
On urban roads only.
g
Associate WHO Member State.
h
Over the age of 18 years.
— Data not available.
n/a Data not applicable.
b
c
262
SEAT-BELTS
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
SEAT-BELTS
CHILD RESTRAINTS
Effectiveness of
seat-belt law enforcement
(Respondent consensus)
(Scale 0–10)
National seat-belt wearing rate
There is a national child
restraint law
Effectiveness of child
restraint law enforcement
(Respondent consensus)
(Scale 0–10)
1
—
Yes
1
8
50%
Yes
7
8
—
Yes
9
7
85% front seats, 51% rear seats
Yes
6
n/a
—
No
n/a
2
50% front seats, 8% rear seats
Yes
2
8
89% front seats, 69% rear seats
Yes
7
n/a
—
No
n/a
7
—
No
n/a
7
70% front seats, 30% rear seats
Yes
3
7
—
No
n/a
3
96% front seats, 90% rear seats
Yes
2
7
86% front seats, 61% rear seats
Yes
8
9
81% front seats
No
n/a
3
—
Yes
1
5
56% front seats, 3% rear seats
No
n/a
6
16%
No
n/a
0
5%–10% front seats, ≤1% rear seats
Yes
0
0
0%
No
n/a
n/a
<1%
No
n/a
6
—
Yes
6
2
—
No
n/a
8
70%
Yes
7
7
—
No
n/a
n/a
0%
No
n/a
2
—
Subnational
n/a
—
—
No
n/a
7
61% front seats
No
n/a
No consensus
91% front seats, 84%–90% rear seats
Yes
No consensus
3
30% front seats, 5% rear seats
No
n/a
n/a
82% front seats, 76% rear seats
Subnational
n/a
3
—
Yes
1
10
—
—
—
1
—
No
n/a
6
—
Yes
5
3
—
No
n/a
3
—
Yes
1
n/a
—
No
n/a
5
—
No
n/a
8
—
No
n/a
263
Table A.5: Speed laws and enforcement by country/area
MAXIMUM SPEED
SPEED LIMITS
ARE SET AT
A NATIONAL
LEVEL
SPEED
LIMITS ARE
MODIFIABLE
AT A LOCAL
LEVEL
LEGISLATION
DIFFERS BY
VEHICLE TYPE
On urban
roads
(km/h)
On rural
roads
(km/h)
EFFECTIVENESS OF
OVERALL ENFORCEMENT
(RESPONDENT
CONSENSUS)
(SCALE 0–10)
Afghanistan
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
90
10
Albania
Yes
Yes
Yes
40
80
9
COUNTRY/AREA
Angola
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
90
5
Argentina
Yes
Yes
Yes
40–60
110
3
Armenia
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
60
5
Australia
Subnational
Yes
Yes
50
100
Subnational
Austria
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
100
7
Azerbaijan
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
90
9
Bahamas (the)
Yes
No
Yes
48
72
5
Bahrain
Yes
No
Yes
50
80
4
Bangladesh
Yes
No
Yes
25
40
0
Barbados
Yes
No
Yes
60
60
5
Belarus
Yes
No
Yes
60
—
6
Belgium
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
90
5
Belize
Yes
No
Yes
40
—
1
Benin
Yes
No
No
50
—
2
Bhutan
Yes
No
Yes
30
50
3
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
Yes
No
No
40
80
3
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
—
6
Botswana
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
120
8
Brazil
Yes
Yes
Yes
60–80
60
6
British Virgin Islandsa
Yes
No
No
32
64
6
Brunei Darussalam
Yes
No
Yes
80
65
7
Bulgaria
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
90
6
Burkina Faso
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
—
3
Burundi
Yes
No
Yes
60
90
5
Cambodia
Yes
No
Yes
40
90
1
Cameroon
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
60
4
Subnational
Yes
No
70
80
5
Cape Verde
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
90
7
Central African Republic (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
40–60
60–90
4
Canada
Chad
Yes
No
No
50
80
2
Chile
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
100
5
China
Yes
Yes
Yes
30–50
40–70
8
Colombia
Yes
No
No
60
80
4
Comoros (the)
Yes
No
No
30
70
3
Congo (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
40–60
50–110
3
Cook Islands
Yes
No
No
50
50
4
Costa Rica
Yes
No
No
40
40
6
Croatia
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
90
6
Cuba
Yes
No
Yes
50
90
5
Cyprus
Yes
Yes
No
50
80
6
Czech Republic (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
90
5
Democratic Republic of the Congo (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
90
5
264
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
MAXIMUM SPEED
SPEED LIMITS
ARE SET AT
A NATIONAL
LEVEL
SPEED
LIMITS ARE
MODIFIABLE
AT A LOCAL
LEVEL
LEGISLATION
DIFFERS BY
VEHICLE TYPE
On urban
roads
(km/h)
On rural
roads
(km/h)
EFFECTIVENESS OF
OVERALL ENFORCEMENT
(RESPONDENT
CONSENSUS)
(SCALE 0–10)
Dominican Republic
Yes
No
No
35
60
2
Ecuador
Yes
No
Yes
50
100
3
Egypt
Yes
No
Yes
60
60
7
El Salvador
Yes
No
Yes
50
—
4
Eritrea
Yes
No
Yes
60
35
7
Estonia
Yes
Yes
No
50
90
6
COUNTRY/AREA
Ethiopia
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
70
2
Fiji
Yes
No
Yes
50
60
7
Finland
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
80
7
France
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
90
7
Gambia (the)
Yes
No
No
50
30
3
Georgia
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
60
8
Germany
Yes
No
Yes
50
100
—
Ghana
Yes
No
No
50
80
2
Greece
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
90
6
Guatemala
Yes
Yes
Yes
10–90
40–80
3
Guinea-Bissau
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
60
4
Guyana
Yes
No
No
48
64
4
Honduras
Yes
Yes
No
40
—
3
Hungary
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
90
4
Iceland
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
80–90
7
Subnational
Yes
Yes
—
—
4
Indonesia
Yes
Yes
Yes
70
100
3
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Yes
No
Yes
50
60
6
Iraq
Yes
No
Yes
100
—
5
Ireland
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
80
No consensus
Israel
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
80–90
5
Italy
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
90
7
Jamaica
Yes
No
Yes
50
—
India
b
Japan
Yes
Yes
Yes
n/a
Jordan
Yes
Yes
Yes
50–80
b
3
n/a
No consensus
80–120
6
Kazakhstan
Yes
No
No
60
60
5
Kenya
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
100
4
Kiribati
Yes
No
No
40
60
6
Kuwait
Yes
Yes
Yes
45
80
6
Kyrgyzstan
Yes
Yes
—
60
60
7
Lao People's Democratic Republic (the)
Yes
No
Yes
40
50
5
Latvia
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
90
7
Lebanon
Yes
Yes
Yes
100
60
4
Lesotho
Yes
No
No
50
80
5
Liberia
Yes
No
No
40
72
2
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (the)
Yes
No
Yes
50
70
3
Lithuania
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
90
6
Madagascar
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
—
—
265
(Table A.5 continued)
MAXIMUM SPEED
SPEED LIMITS
ARE SET AT
A NATIONAL
LEVEL
SPEED
LIMITS ARE
MODIFIABLE
AT A LOCAL
LEVEL
LEGISLATION
DIFFERS BY
VEHICLE TYPE
On urban
roads
(km/h)
On rural
roads
(km/h)
EFFECTIVENESS OF
OVERALL ENFORCEMENT
(RESPONDENT
CONSENSUS)
(SCALE 0–10)
Malawi
Yes
No
Yes
50
80
5
Malaysia
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
90
6
Maldives
Yes
No
Yes
30
30
5
Mali
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
—
4
Malta
Yes
No
Yes
50
80
5
Marshall Islands (the)
Yes
No
No
40
40
5
COUNTRY/AREA
Mauritania
Yes
Yes
Yes
80
80
4
Mauritius
Yes
No
Yes
40–80
40–80
4
Mexico
Yes
Yes
Yes
40–80
60–90
4
Subnational
No
No
32
40
6
Mongolia
Micronesia (Federated States of)
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
80
4
Montenegro
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
80
6
Morocco
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
100
5
Mozambique
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
70
9
Myanmar
Yes
Yes
Yes
40
40
5
Namibia
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
100–120
4
Nauru
Yes
No
No
40
40
—
Nepal
Yes
No
Yes
40
—
5
Netherlands (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
80
No consensus
New Zealand
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
100
7
Nicaragua
Yes
Yes
No
45
100
3
Niger (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
90
2
Nigeria
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
50
4
Norway
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
80
6
Oman
Yes
No
Yes
120
120
6
Pakistan
Yes
Yes
Yes
70
—
4
Palau
Yes
No
No
40
50
5
Panama
Yes
No
Yes
80
—
7
Papua New Guinea
Yes
No
No
60
75
1
Paraguay
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
80
3
Peru
Yes
No
Yes
60
60
1
Philippines (the)
Yes
No
Yes
40
40
3
Poland
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
90
5
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
90
8
Portugal
c
Yes
No
Yes
40
73
—
Qatar
Yes
No
No
100
60
7
Republic of Korea (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
80
7
Republic of Moldova (the)
Yes
No
Yes
60
60
No consensus
Puerto Rico
Romania
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
50
5
Russian Federation (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
60
6
Rwanda
Yes
Yes
Yes
30–40
50–60
9
Saint Lucia
Yes
No
Yes
32
64
0
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Yes
No
Yes
32
64
4
Samoa
Yes
No
No
40
56
6
San Marino
Yes
No
Yes
50
70
5
Sao Tome and Principe
Yes
No
Yes
30–40
40–50
3
Saudi Arabia
Yes
No
No
80
—
5
266
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
MAXIMUM SPEED
SPEED LIMITS
ARE SET AT
A NATIONAL
LEVEL
SPEED
LIMITS ARE
MODIFIABLE
AT A LOCAL
LEVEL
LEGISLATION
DIFFERS BY
VEHICLE TYPE
On urban
roads
(km/h)
On rural
roads
(km/h)
EFFECTIVENESS OF
OVERALL ENFORCEMENT
(RESPONDENT
CONSENSUS)
(SCALE 0–10)
Senegal
Yes
No
Yes
50
90
4
Serbia
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
80
4
COUNTRY/AREA
Seychelles
Yes
No
No
40
65
3
Sierra Leone
Yes
No
No
70
100
6
Singapore
Yes
No
No
40–70
n/a
8
Slovakia
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
90
7
Slovenia
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
90
7
Solomon Islands
Yes
No
No
60
n/a
5
South Africa
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
100
3
Spain
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
90
8
Sri Lanka
Yes
No
Yes
50
70
5
Sudan (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
—
7
Suriname
Yes
No
Yes
40
80
5
Swaziland
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
80
6
Sweden
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
70
5
Switzerland
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
80
7
Syrian Arab Republic (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
45–60
45–60
8
Tajikistan
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
90
8
Thailand
Yes
Yes
Yes
80
90
2
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Yes
No
Yes
60
80
4
Timor-Leste
Yes
No
Yes
50
90
0
Togo
Yes
No
No
40
60
4
Tonga
Yes
No
No
40
65
7
Trinidad and Tobago
Yes
No
Yes
50
50
3
Tunisia
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
50
5
Turkey
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
90
8
Turkmenistan
Yes
No
No
60
90
9
Tuvalu
Yes
No
No
64
—
6
Uganda
Yes
No
Yes
50
80
2
Ukraine
Yes
No
No
60
40
—
United Arab Emirates (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
40
7
United Kingdom (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
100
No consensus
United Republic of Tanzania (the)
Yes
No
Yes
50
—
3
Subnational
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Uruguay
Yes
No
Yes
45–75
—
1
Uzbekistan
Yes
No
Yes
70
70
7
Vanuatu
Yes
Yes
Yes
35–60
n/a
3
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
Yes
No
Yes
40
—
4
Viet Nam
Yes
No
Yes
50
80
6
West Bank and Gaza Stripa
Yes
No
Yes
50
80
3
Yemen
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
—
3
United States of America (the)
Zambia
Yes
Yes
Yes
50
80
5
Zimbabwe
Yes
Yes
Yes
60
80
8
a
Non-member area.
Different road classification used.
Associate WHO Member State.
— Data not available.
n/a Data not applicable.
b
c
267
Table A.6: Helmet laws, enforcement and wearing rates by country/area
THE LAW APPLIES TO THE FOLLOWING ROAD USERS
THERE IS A
NATIONAL
HELMET LAW
Drivers
Adult passengers
Child passengers
Afghanistan
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
Albania
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Angola
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
COUNTRY/AREA
Argentina
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Armenia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Australia
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Austria
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Azerbaijan
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Bahamas (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Bahrain
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Bangladesh
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Barbados
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Belarus
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Belgium
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Belize
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Benin
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Bhutan
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
Yes
a
Yes
Yes
Yes
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Botswana
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Brazil
b
British Virgin Islands
Yes
—
—
—
Brunei Darussalam
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Bulgaria
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Burkina Faso
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Burundi
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Cambodia
Yes
Yes
No
No
Cameroon
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Canada
268
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Cape Verde
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Central African Republic (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Chad
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Chile
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
China
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Colombia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Comoros (the)
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
Congo (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Cook Islands
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
Costa Rica
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Croatia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Cuba
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Cyprus
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Czech Republic (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Democratic Republic of the Congo (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
There are exceptions
to the helmet law
The helmet law
applies to all road
types
The helmet law
applies to all engine
types
EFFECTIVENESS OF
OVERALL ENFORCEMENT
(RESPONDENT
CONSENSUS)
(SCALE 0–10)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
EXCEPTIONS TO LAW
THERE ARE HELMET
STANDARDS
ESTIMATED NATIONAL
HELMET WEARING RATE
(%)
—
Yes
Yes
10
Yes
—
No
Yes
—
5
Yes
—
No
No
No
1
Yes
13
No
Yes
Yes
5
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
n/a
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
9
Yes
95
No
Yes
Yes
9
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
3
Yes
10–15
No
Yes
Yes
5
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
3
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
8
Yes
—
No
Yes
No
9
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
8
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
3
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
1
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
9
Yes
—
No
No
No
No consensus
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
6
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
9
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
7
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
3
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
9
Yes
98
No
Yes
Yes
7
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
1
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
5
No
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
2
No
21c
No
Yes
No
1
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
10
Yes
99
Yes
Yes
Yes
9
No
90
Yes
Yes
No
3
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
4
No
51
No
Yes
Yes
3
Yes
100d
No
Yes
Yes
No consensus
Yes
16e
—
Yes
Yes
6
Yes
70
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
No
Yes
Yes
4
Yes
—
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
No
Yes
Yes
6
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
6
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
8
No
95
Yes
Yes
Yes
5
Yes
68a
No
Yes
Yes
9
Yes
97f
No
Yes
Yes
7
No
—
(Table A.6 continued)
THERE IS A
NATIONAL
HELMET LAW
Drivers
Adult passengers
Child passengers
Dominican Republic
Yes
Yes
—
—
Ecuador
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Egypt
Yes
Yes
No
No
El Salvador
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Eritrea
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Estonia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Ethiopia
Subnational
n/a
n/a
n/a
Fiji
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Finland
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
France
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Gambia (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Georgia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Germany
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Ghana
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Greece
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Guatemala
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Guinea-Bissau
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
Guyana
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Honduras
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Hungary
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Iceland
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
India
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Indonesia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Iraq
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
Ireland
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Israel
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Italy
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Jamaica
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Japan
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Jordan
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Kazakhstan
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Kenya
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
Kiribati
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
Kuwait
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Kyrgyzstan
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Lao People's Democratic Republic (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Latvia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Lebanon
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Lesotho
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Liberia
Noi
Yes
Yes
Yes
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (the)
Yes
Yes
—
—
Lithuania
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
COUNTRY/AREA
THE LAW APPLIES TO THE FOLLOWING ROAD USERS
Madagascar
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Malawi
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Malaysia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Maldives
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
There are exceptions
to the helmet law
The helmet law
applies to all road
types
The helmet law
applies to all engine
types
EFFECTIVENESS OF
OVERALL ENFORCEMENT
(RESPONDENT
CONSENSUS)
(SCALE 0–10)
No
Yes
Yes
2
Yes
EXCEPTIONS TO LAW
THERE ARE HELMET
STANDARDS
ESTIMATED NATIONAL
HELMET WEARING RATE
(%)
—
No
Yes
Yes
2
No
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
6
No
70%
No
Yes
Yes
6
No
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
9
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
9
Yes
—
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
60
No
Yes
Yes
10
Yes
90
Yes
Yes
Yes
9
Yes
95f
Yes
Yes
Yes
7
Yes
95
No
Yes
Yes
4
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
6
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
97f
No
Yes
Yes
3
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
7
Yes
58f
No
Yes
Yes
3
No
—
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
5
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
5
No
60
No
Yes
Yes
9
Yes
95
No
Yes
Yes
8
No
95
Yes
Yes
Yes
2
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
7
Yes
93g
No
Yes
Yes
6
Yes
13–15
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
No
Yes
Yes
No consensus
—
—
No
Yes
Yes
9
No
95
Yes
Yes
Yes
7
Yes
60
No
Yes
Yes
3
Yes
7f
No
Yes
Yes
No consensus
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
4
No
—
—
Yes
No
5
No
—
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
No
Yes
Yes
3
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
7
No
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
6
No
77f
No
Yes
Yes
6
No
93h
No
Yes
Yes
2
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
6
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
2
No
—
Yes
Yes
No
7
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
6
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
6
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
7
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
6
Yes
90f
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
271
(Table A.6 continued)
THERE IS A
NATIONAL
HELMET LAW
Drivers
Adult passengers
Child passengers
Mali
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Malta
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Marshall Islands (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Mauritania
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Mauritius
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Mexico
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
n/a
n/a
n/a
COUNTRY/AREA
Micronesia (Federated States of)
Mongolia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Montenegro
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Morocco
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Mozambique
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Myanmar
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Namibia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Nauru
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
Nepal
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Netherlands (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
New Zealand
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Nicaragua
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Niger (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Nigeria
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Norway
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Oman
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Pakistan
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Palau
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Panama
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines (the)
Poland
Portugal
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
n/a
n/a
n/a
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
j
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Qatar
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Republic of Korea (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Republic of Moldova (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Puerto Rico
272
THE LAW APPLIES TO THE FOLLOWING ROAD USERS
Romania
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Russian Federation (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Rwanda
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
Saint Lucia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Samoa
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
San Marino
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Sao Tome and Principe
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Saudi Arabia
Yes
Yes
No
No
Senegal
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Serbia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Seychelles
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
There are exceptions
to the helmet law
The helmet law
applies to all road
types
The helmet law
applies to all engine
types
EFFECTIVENESS OF
OVERALL ENFORCEMENT
(RESPONDENT
CONSENSUS)
(SCALE 0–10)
No
Yes
No
2
Yes
—
EXCEPTIONS TO LAW
THERE ARE HELMET
STANDARDS
ESTIMATED NATIONAL
HELMET WEARING RATE
(%)
No
Yes
Yes
9
No
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
7
No
95
No
Yes
Yes
4
No
50f
No
Yes
Yes
9
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
3
Yes
—
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
100
—
Yes
Yes
3
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
6
No
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
4
Yes
67f
No
Yes
Yes
7
No
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
6
Yes
60
No
Yes
Yes
8
Yes
—
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
No
Yes
Yes
9
No
—
Yes
Yes
No
No consensus
Yes
92f
Yes
Yes
Yes
9
Yes
—
No
Yes
No
3
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
1
No
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
2
Yes
<5
No
Yes
Yes
9
Yes
100
No
Yes
Yes
7
No
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
4
No
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
8
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
9
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
7
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
5
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
1
Yes
—
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
34
Yes
Yes
Yes
8
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
9
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
5
No
90
No
Yes
Yes
7
Yes
85
No
Yes
No
1
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
6
Yes
90f
Yes
Yes
Yes
6
Yes
No consensus
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
No
Yes
Yes
8
—
—
No
Yes
Yes
9
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
6
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
9
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
—
No
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
2
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
5
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
3
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
9
No
95
273
(Table A.6 continued)
COUNTRY/AREA
THERE IS A
NATIONAL
HELMET LAW
Drivers
Adult passengers
Child passengers
Sierra Leone
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Singapore
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Slovakia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Slovenia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Solomon Islands
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
South Africa
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Spain
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Sri Lanka
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Sudan (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Suriname
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Swaziland
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Sweden
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Switzerland
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Syrian Arab Republic (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Tajikistan
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Thailand
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Timor-Leste
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Togo
i
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Tonga
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Trinidad and Tobago
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Tunisia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Turkey
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Turkmenistan
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Tuvalu
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
Uganda
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Ukraine
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
United Arab Emirates (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
United Kingdom (the)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
United Republic of Tanzania (the)
Yes
Yes
No
No
Subnational
n/a
n/a
n/a
Uruguay
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Uzbekistan
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Vanuatu
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
United States of America (the)
Viet Nam
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
West Bank and Gaza Stripb
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yemen
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
Zambia
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Zimbabwe
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
a
Law lax or not enforced.
b
Non-member area.
c
Phnom Penh only.
d
Metropolitan area only.
e
Guangxi province only.
f
Drivers only.
g
Survey conducted in 10 provinces and 31 cities.
h
Riga only.
i
No law, but regulations enforced.
j
Associate WHO Member State.
k
Montevideo only.
— Data not available.
n/a Data not applicable.
274
THE LAW APPLIES TO THE FOLLOWING ROAD USERS
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
There are exceptions
to the helmet law
The helmet law
applies to all road
types
The helmet law
applies to all engine
types
EFFECTIVENESS OF
OVERALL ENFORCEMENT
(RESPONDENT
CONSENSUS)
(SCALE 0–10)
Yes
Yes
Yes
6
EXCEPTIONS TO LAW
THERE ARE HELMET
STANDARDS
ESTIMATED NATIONAL
HELMET WEARING RATE
(%)
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
9
Yes
56
No
Yes
Yes
8
Yes
—
No
Yes
No
7
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
3
Yes
100
Yes
Yes
Yes
6
Yes
95f
Yes
Yes
Yes
8
Yes
98f
Yes
Yes
No
7
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
7
Yes
—
No
No
Yes
7
No
90
No
Yes
Yes
5
No
80
Yes
Yes
Yes
1
Yes
95
Yes
Yes
Yes
9
Yes
100
No
Yes
Yes
4
No
—
No
Yes
No
6
No
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
4
Yes
27
No
Yes
Yes
2
No
2f
No
Yes
Yes
5
No
70f
No
Yes
Yes
2
No
1
No
Yes
Yes
7
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
9
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
5
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
5
Yes
12f
No
Yes
No
8
No
—
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
No
Yes
Yes
3
No
—
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
No
Yes
Yes
8
No
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
No consensus
Yes
98
Yes
Yes
No
4
No
—
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
58
No
Yes
Yes
5
No
50k
No
Yes
Yes
9
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
8
No
—
No
Yes
Yes
6
Yes
55
Yes
Yes
Yes
7
Yes
85
Yes
No
No
3
No
—
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
—
No
Yes
Yes
10
No
100
No
Yes
Yes
9
—
—
275
Table A.7: Road safety management, strategies and policies by country/area
LEAD AGENCY
A lead
agency is
present
COUNTRY/AREA
STRATEGIES
Lead agency status
The lead
agency is
funded
There is a national
road safety
strategy
The strategy
includes
measurable
national
targets
The strategy
is funded
Afghanistan
Yes
Governmental
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
Albania
Yes
Interministerial
No
No
n/a
n/a
Angola
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yesa
n/a
n/a
Argentina
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Armenia
Yes
Other
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
Australia
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Austria
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Azerbaijan
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Bahamas (the)
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Bahrain
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Bangladesh
Yes
Interministerial
No
Yes
Yes
No
Barbados
No
n/a
n/a
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Belarus
Yes
Interministerial
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Belgium
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Belize
Yes
Interministerial
No
Yes
Yes
No
Benin
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Bhutan
Yes
Governmental
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
Yes
Interministerial
No
Yes
Yes
No
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Botswana
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Brazil
b
No
n/a
n/a
Subnational
n/a
n/a
Brunei Darussalam
Yes
Governmental
—
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Bulgaria
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Burkina Faso
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
British Virgin Islands
Burundi
No
n/a
n/a
No
n/a
n/a
Cambodia
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Yesa
n/a
n/a
Cameroon
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Canada
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Cape Verde
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
a
n/a
n/a
a
Central African Republic (the)
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Chad
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Yes
n/a
n/a
Chile
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
China
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Colombia
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Comoros (the)
Yes
Governmental
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
Congo (the)
Yes
Governmental
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
Cook Islands
Yes
Governmental
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
Costa Rica
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Croatia
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Cuba
Yes
Interministerial
No
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Cyprus
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Czech Republic (the)
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
276
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
POLICIES
AUDITS
DRIVING TESTS
There are
national policies
to promote
walking and
cycling
There are
national policies
to promote
investment
in public
transportation
Written
Practical
Medical
VEHICLE
INSURANCE
REQUIRED
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Formal audits on Regular audits on
new roads
existing roads
Subnational
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
—
—
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
—
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Subnational
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
—
—
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No consensus
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Subnational
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
277
(Table A.7 continued)
COUNTRY/AREA
LEAD AGENCY
A lead
agency is
present
Lead agency status
STRATEGIES
The lead
agency is
funded
There is a national
road safety
strategy
The strategy
includes
measurable
national
targets
The strategy
is funded
Democratic Republic of the Congo (the)
Yes
Governmental
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
Dominican Republic
No
n/a
n/a
No
n/a
n/a
Ecuador
Yes
Governmental
Yes
—
—
—
Egypt
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Yes
No
No
El Salvador
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
No
No
Eritrea
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Estonia
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Ethiopia
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Fiji
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Finland
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
France
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Gambia (the)
Yes
Other
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
Georgia
Yes
Other
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
Germany
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Ghana
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Greece
No
n/a
n/a
Yes
Yes
No
Guatemala
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Subnational
n/a
n/a
Guinea-Bissau
No
n/a
n/a
No
n/a
n/a
Guyana
Yes
Other
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
Honduras
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Hungary
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Iceland
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
India
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yesa
n/a
n/a
Indonesia
Yes
Other
Yes
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Yes
Other
Yes
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Iraq
Yes
Governmental
No
Subnational
n/a
n/a
Ireland
Yes
Other
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Israel
Yes
Other
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Italy
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Jamaica
Yes
Other
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Japan
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
a
n/a
n/a
Jordan
Yes
Interministerial
No
Yes
Kazakhstan
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Kenya
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Kiribati
Yes
Governmental
No
Yes
Yes
No
Kuwait
No
n/a
n/a
No
n/a
n/a
Kyrgyzstan
Yes
Interministerial
No
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Lao People's Democratic Republic (the)
Yes
Governmental
No
Yes
Yes
No
Latvia
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
a
Lebanon
No
n/a
n/a
Yes
n/a
n/a
Lesotho
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yesa
n/a
n/a
Liberia
No
n/a
n/a
No
n/a
n/a
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (the)
No
n/a
n/a
No
n/a
n/a
Lithuania
Yes
Interministerial
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Madagascar
No
n/a
n/a
Yes
Yes
No
Malawi
Yes
Governmental
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
278
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
POLICIES
AUDITS
DRIVING TESTS
There are
national policies
to promote
walking and
cycling
There are
national policies
to promote
investment
in public
transportation
Written
Practical
Medical
VEHICLE
INSURANCE
REQUIRED
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
—
Yes
No
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Formal audits on Regular audits on
new roads
existing roads
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Subnational
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
No
Yes
Subnational
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Subnational
Subnational
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No consensus
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Subnational
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Subnational
No
No
—
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
(Table A.7 continued)
LEAD AGENCY
STRATEGIES
The strategy
includes
measurable
national
targets
A lead
agency is
present
Lead agency status
The lead
agency is
funded
Malaysia
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Maldives
Yes
Governmental
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Mali
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
COUNTRY/AREA
There is a national
road safety
strategy
The strategy
is funded
Malta
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Marshall Islands (the)
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yesa
n/a
n/a
Mauritania
Yes
Governmental
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
Yes
a
n/a
n/a
Mauritius
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Mexico
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Micronesia (Federated States of)
No
n/a
n/a
Subnational
No
No
Mongolia
Yes
Other
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Montenegro
No
n/a
n/a
No
n/a
n/a
Morocco
Yes
Interministerial
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Mozambique
Yes
Governmental
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
Myanmar
Yes
Interministerial
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Namibia
Yes
Governmental
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
Nauru
Yes
—
Yes
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Nepal
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yesa
n/a
n/a
Netherlands (the)
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
New Zealand
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Nicaragua
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Niger (the)
Yes
Interministerial
No
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Nigeria
Yes
Other
No
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Norway
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Oman
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
Pakistan
Yes
Governmental
No
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Palau
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Panama
Yes
Governmental
Yes
—
—
—
Papua New Guinea
Yes
Governmental
No
Subnational
n/a
n/a
Paraguay
No
n/a
n/a
No
n/a
n/a
Peru
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Philippines (the)
Yes
Governmental
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Poland
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Portugal
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Puerto Ricod
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Qatar
No
n/a
n/a
No
n/a
n/a
Republic of Korea (the)
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Republic of Moldova (the)
Yes
Interministerial
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
a
n/a
n/a
Yes
Yes
Romania
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Yes
Russian Federation (the)
Yes
Interministerial
No
Yes
Rwanda
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Saint Lucia
Yes
Governmental
No
No
n/a
n/a
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Yes
Governmental
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
Samoa
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Yes
No
No
San Marino
Yes
Interministerial
No
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Sao Tome and Principe
Yes
Governmental
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
Saudi Arabia
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
POLICIES
AUDITS
DRIVING TESTS
There are
national policies
to promote
walking and
cycling
There are
national policies
to promote
investment
in public
transportation
Written
Practical
Medical
VEHICLE
INSURANCE
REQUIRED
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Formal audits on Regular audits on
new roads
existing roads
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Subnational
Subnational
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Noc
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
No
Yes
No
No
No
—
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
—
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Subnational
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Subnational
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Subnational
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
281
(Table A.7 continued)
COUNTRY/AREA
LEAD AGENCY
A lead
agency is
present
Lead agency status
STRATEGIES
The lead
agency is
funded
There is a national
road safety
strategy
The strategy
includes
measurable
national
targets
The strategy
is funded
Senegal
Yes
Governmental
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
Serbia
No
n/a
n/a
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Seychelles
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Sierra Leone
Yes
Other
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
Singapore
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Slovakia
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Slovenia
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Solomon Islands
Yes
Governmental
—
—
—
—
South Africa
Yes
Other
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Spain
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
a
Sri Lanka
Yes
Governmental
No
Yes
n/a
n/a
Sudan (the)
No
n/a
n/a
Subnational
n/a
n/a
Suriname
No
n/a
n/a
No
n/a
n/a
Swaziland
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Sweden
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Switzerland
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yesa
n/a
n/a
Syrian Arab Republic (the)
Yes
Interministerial
No
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Tajikistan
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Thailand
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Yes
Other
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
Timor-Leste
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Togo
No
n/a
n/a
No
n/a
n/a
Tonga
Yes
Governmental
Yes
No
n/a
n/a
Trinidad and Tobago
—
—
—
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Tunisia
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Turkey
Yes
Interministerial
Yes
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Turkmenistan
No
n/a
n/a
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Tuvalu
No
n/a
n/a
Yes
No
No
Uganda
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Ukraine
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
United Arab Emirates (the)
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
United Kingdom (the)
No
n/a
n/a
Yes
Yes
Yes
a
United Republic of Tanzania (the)
Yes
Interministerial
No
Yes
n/a
n/a
United States of America (the)
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
a
n/a
n/a
Uruguay
Yes
Other
Uzbekistan
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Vanuatu
No
n/a
n/a
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
Yes
Governmental
Yes
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Viet Nam
Yes
b
Governmental
Yes
Yes
Yes
a
No
n/a
n/a
Subnational
n/a
n/a
Yemen
Yes
Interministerial
No
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
Zambia
Yes
Other
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Zimbabwe
Yes
Governmental
No
Multiple strategies
n/a
n/a
West Bank and Gaza Strip
a
Not formally endorsed by government.
b
Non-member area.
c
Required in some States.
d
Associate WHO Member State.
— Data not available.
n/a Data not applicable.
282
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
POLICIES
AUDITS
DRIVING TESTS
There are
national policies
to promote
walking and
cycling
There are
national policies
to promote
investment
in public
transportation
Written
Practical
Medical
VEHICLE
INSURANCE
REQUIRED
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Formal audits on Regular audits on
new roads
existing roads
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
—
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
No
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Subnational
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Subnational
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Subnational
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Noc
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
—
—
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
—
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
—
Yes
283
Table A.8: Pre-hospital care systems by country/area
FORMAL PRE-HOSPITAL
CARE SYSTEM
COUNTRY/AREA
UNIVERSAL ACCESS TELEPHONE NUMBER
National
Regional
TELEPHONE NUMBER(S)
Afghanistan
No
n/a
n/a
—
Albania
Yes
No
Yes
2253364
Angola
No
n/a
n/a
—
Argentina
Yes
No
Yes
—
Armenia
Yes
Yes
—
103
Australia
Yes
Yes
—
000
Austria
Yes
Yes
—
144
Azerbaijan
Yes
Yes
Yes
103
Bahamas (the)
—
—
—
—
Bahrain
Yes
Yes
—
999
Bangladesh
No
n/a
n/a
—
Barbados
Yes
Yes
—
511
Belarus
Yes
Yes
—
103
Belgium
Yes
Yes
—
100
Belize
Yes
Yes
—
911
Benin
No
n/a
n/a
—
Bhutan
No
Yes
a
n/a
112
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
Yes
Yes
—
110
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Yes
Yes
Yes
124
Botswana
Yes
Yes
—
997
Brazil
Yes
Yes
—
192
British Virgin Islands
Yes
Yes
—
911
Brunei Darussalam
Yes
Yes
—
—
Bulgaria
Yes
Yes
—
150
Burkina Faso
Yes
Yes
—
18
Burundi
No
n/a
n/a
—
Cambodia
Yes
Yes
—
119
Cameroon
Yes
Yes
—
19, 119
Canada
Yes
Yes
Yes
911
Cape Verde
No
n/a
n/a
—
b
Central African Republic (the)
No
n/a
n/a
—
Chad
No
n/a
n/a
—
Chile
Yes
Yes
—
131
China
Yes
Yes
—
120
Colombia
Yes
—
—
—
Comoros (the)
No
n/a
n/a
—
Congo (the)
No
n/a
n/a
—
Cook Islands
No
n/a
n/a
—
Costa Rica
Yes
Yes
—
911
Croatia
Yes
Yes
—
112
Cuba
Yes
Yes
Yes
106
Cyprus
Yes
Yes
Yes
199, 112
Czech Republic (the)
Yes
Yes
—
112, 155
Democratic Republic of the Congo (the)
No
n/a
n/a
—
Dominican Republic
Yes
Yes
—
911
284
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
COUNTRY/AREA
FORMAL PRE-HOSPITAL
CARE SYSTEM
UNIVERSAL ACCESS TELEPHONE NUMBER
National
Regional
TELEPHONE NUMBER(S)
Ecuador
No
n/a
n/a
—
Egypt
Yes
Yes
—
123
El Salvador
No
n/a
n/a
—
Eritrea
No
n/a
n/a
—
Estonia
Yes
Yes
—
112
Ethiopia
No
n/a
n/a
—
Fiji
Yes
Yes
—
000
Finland
Yes
Yes
—
112
France
Yes
Yes
—
112
Gambia (the)
Yes
Yes
—
116
Georgia
Yes
Yes
—
03
Germany
Yes
Yes
Yes
112
Ghana
Yes
Yes
—
193
Greece
Yes
Yes
—
166
Guatemala
No
n/a
n/a
—
Guinea-Bissau
Yes
Yes
—
118
Guyana
Yes
No
Yes
913
Honduras
Yes
No
—
—
Hungary
Yes
Yes
—
112
Iceland
Yes
Yes
—
112
India
Yes
Yes
Yes
102
Indonesia
Yes
Yes
—
118
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Yes
Yes
—
115
Iraq
Yes
Yes
—
122
Ireland
Yes
Yes
—
999,112
Israel
Yes
Yes
—
101
Italy
Yes
Yes
—
118
Jamaica
No
n/a
n/a
—
Japan
Yes
Yes
—
119
Jordan
Yes
Yes
—
199
Kazakhstan
Yes
Yes
—
03
Kenya
No
n/a
—
—
Kiribati
Yes
Yes
—
28100
Kuwait
Yes
Yes
—
777
Kyrgyzstan
Yes
Yes
—
103
Lao People's Democratic Republic (the)
No
n/a
n/a
—
Latvia
Yes
Yes
—
112
Lebanon
No
n/a
—
—
Lesotho
No
n/a
n/a
—
Liberia
No
n/a
n/a
—
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (the)
Yes
No
Yes
151,191,193
Lithuania
Yes
Yes
—
112
Madagascar
No
n/a
n/a
—
Malawi
No
n/a
n/a
—
Malaysia
Yes
Yes
—
999
285
(Table A.8 continued)
FORMAL PRE-HOSPITAL
CARE SYSTEM
COUNTRY/AREA
UNIVERSAL ACCESS TELEPHONE NUMBER
National
Regional
TELEPHONE NUMBER(S)
Maldives
No
n/a
n/a
—
Mali
Yes
Yes
—
18, 112
Malta
Yes
Yes
—
112
Marshall Islands (the)
Yes
Yes
—
6258444
Mauritania
No
n/a
n/a
—
Mauritius
Yes
Yes
—
114
Mexico
Yes
No
Yes
066
Micronesia (Federated States of)
No
n/a
n/a
—
Mongolia
Yes
Yes
Yes
103
Montenegro
Yes
Yes
—
124
Morocco
Yes
Yes
—
115
Mozambique
No
n/a
n/a
—
Myanmar
Yes
No
Yes
01500005
Namibia
Yes
Yes
Yes
2033282, 10111
Nauru
Yes
Yes
—
4443883
Nepal
No
n/a
n/a
—
Netherlands (the)
Yes
Yes
—
112
New Zealand
Yes
Yes
—
111
Nicaragua
Yes
Yes
Yes
128, 115
Niger (the)
Yes
Yes
—
18, 17
Nigeria
Yes
No
Yes
—
Norway
Yes
Yes
—
113
Oman
Yes
Yes
—
9999
Pakistan
Yes
Yes
—
15
Palau
Yes
Yes
—
911
Panama
Yes
No
Yes
—
Papua New Guinea
Yes
Yes
—
111
Paraguay
Yes
No
Yes
206206, 911, 132
Peru
No
n/a
n/a
—
Philippines (the)
Yes
No
Yes
—
Poland
Yes
Yes
—
112
Portugal
Yes
Yes
—
112
Yes
Yes
—
911
Qatar
Yes
Yes
—
999
Republic of Korea (the)
Yes
Yes
—
119
Republic of Moldova (the)
Yes
Yes
—
903
Romania
Yes
Yes
—
112
Puerto Rico
c
Russian Federation (the)
Yes
Yes
—
03
Rwanda
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
Saint Lucia
Yes
Yes
—
911
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
Samoa
Yes
Yes
—
996, 995
San Marino
Yes
Yes
—
118
Sao Tome and Principe
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
Saudi Arabia
Yes
Yes
—
997
Senegal
Yes
Yes
—
1515, 1516, 1517, 1518
Serbia
Yes
Yes
Yes
94
286
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY
FORMAL PRE-HOSPITAL
CARE SYSTEM
COUNTRY/AREA
UNIVERSAL ACCESS TELEPHONE NUMBER
National
Regional
TELEPHONE NUMBER(S)
Seychelles
Yes
Yes
—
—
Sierra Leone
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
Singapore
Yes
Yes
—
995
Slovakia
Yes
Yes
Yes
112
Slovenia
Yes
Yes
—
112
Solomon Islands
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
South Africa
Yes
Yes
—
10177, 112
Spain
Yes
Yes
—
112
d
No
Yes
110
Sri Lanka
No
Sudan (the)
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
Suriname
Yes
Yes
—
113
Swaziland
Yes
Yes
—
933
Sweden
Yes
Yes
—
112
Switzerland
Yes
Yes
—
144
Syrian Arab Republic (the)
Yes
Yes
—
110
Tajikistan
Yes
Yes
—
03
Thailand
Yes
Yes
—
1669
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Yes
Yes
—
194
Timor-Leste
Yes
Yes
—
110
Togo
Yes
Yes
—
17, 18
Tonga
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
Trinidad and Tobago
Yes
Yes
—
811
Tunisia
Yes
Yes
—
198
Turkey
Yes
Yes
—
112
Turkmenistan
Yes
Yes
—
03
Tuvalu
Yes
Yes
—
911
Uganda
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
Ukraine
Yes
Yes
—
03
United Arab Emirates (the)
Yes
Yes
—
999
United Kingdom (the)
Yes
Yes
—
999
United Republic of Tanzania (the)
No
n/a
n/a
n/a
United States of America (the)
Yes
Yes
—
911
Uruguay
No
n/a
Yes
n/a
Uzbekistan
Yes
Yes
—
03
Vanuatu
Yes
Yes
—
112
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
Yes
Yes
—
171
Viet Nam
Yes
Yes
—
115
b
Yes
Yes
—
101
Yemen
Yes
Yes
Yes
195
Zambia
Yes
Yes
—
991
Zimbabwe
Yes
Yes
—
991
West Bank and Gaza Strip
a
Free ambulance service only.
b
Non-member area.
c
Associate WHO Member State.
d
Some areas have a pre-hospital care system.
— Data not available.
n/a Data not applicable.
287

Download Report

Global status report on road safety

Paperzz.com

Your Paperzz