Introduction of Leibniz
Hans 1200012774
Life
July 1, 1646
1661
1662
1663
1665
1666
born in Leipzig
Enrolled in University of Leipzig
Bachelor’s degree in philosophy
master’s degree in philosophy
bachelor’s degree in law
enrolled in University of Altdorf
doctorate in law
November 11, 1675 breakthrough of calculus
1684
Published first paper of calculus
1710
Published Theodicy
1714
Published Monadology
Leibniz(1646-1716)
Caculus
• Invented independently by Leibniz and Newton
• Leibniz-Newton controversy
• Royal Society set up a committee
• Report written by Newton
• Notation integral sign ∫ and differential sign d
Monadology（《单子论》）
The first manuscript page
of the Monadology
• elementary particles and the
ultimate elements of the universe
• Eternal
• Indecomposable
• Individual
• subjected to their own laws
• un-interacting
• each reflecting the entire universe
in a pre-established harmony
Theodicy（《神义论》）
• “the universe that God chose to exist is
the best of all possible worlds”
• “Theodicy”=“theos” (god)+“dik-”(justice)
• human beings are imperfect
• correct erroneous decisions
Théodicée title page from a 1734 version