LATVIJAS
VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UN
METEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
Water data availability
Normunds Kadiķis
LVĢMA, 2006
LATVIJAS
VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UN
METEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
Status of water
quality and
its impacts
Complex system of
Water Quality Management
Monitoring
Scientific investigations
Statistics
Modelling
Data
bases
Emissions and
other causes
Actions
Decision making at
governmental and
municipal level etc.
Informing of society
Raising of environmental
awareness
Involvement of stakeholders
LVĢMA, 2006
Environmental
reports
Accounting
Publications
etc.
LATVIJAS
VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UN
METEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
Short history of surface
water monitoring in Latvia
• Hydrology monitoring dates back to 1920s
• Surface water quality monitoring in selected sites started in
1946
• Enlarged surface water quality monitoring program started
in the 1980s
• New water monitoring program according to requirements
of WFD is launched in 2006 (anticipated for 2006-2008)
LVĢMA, 2006
LATVIJAS
VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UN
METEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
•
•
•
•
Why we need to carry out
surface water quality monitoring?
Legal basis:
Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EK )
Fish Waters Directive (78/659/EEC)
Nitrate Directive (91/676/EEC)
Dangerous Substances Directive (76/464/EEC) with a number
of daughter directives
• Bathing Water Directive (76/160/EEC)
• Surface Water Directive (surface water intended for the
abstraction of drinking water) (75/440/EEC)
LEGMA
LVĢMA, 2006
PHA
LATVIJAS
VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UN
METEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
Surface water quality monitoring
until 2005 (I)
• ~99 water quality monitoring sites in Latvia, very limited
amount of lakes
• Basic physico-chemical parameters, Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+, K+,
HCO3-, S/SO4+2, Cl-, hardness, suspended solids, Si, Fe+3,
BOD5, TOC, N/NH4+, N/NO2-, N/NO3-, Ntot, P/PO4+3, Ptot,
Cu+2, Pb+2, Zn+2, Cd+2, Ni+2, As+3, Hg+2, oil hydrocarbons,
surface active substances, microbiology, chlorophyll,
phytoplankton, zoobenthos, zooplankton, macrophytes
• Frequency of sampling:
– 10 times per year for chemical parameters in rivers (in selected sites – 12
times) and 4 times per year in lakes
– 2 -6 times per year for dangerous substances
– 1 to several times during the year for biological elements
LVĢMA, 2006
LATVIJAS
VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UN
METEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
Surface water quality monitoring
until 2005 (II)
• Until late 90-ties a bit more dangerous substances, including
pesticides, monitored
• Very restricted amount of sediments sampled and analyzed in
80-ties and 90-ties
• Stations since late 90-ties classified according to EIONET
suggestions: flux stations, impact stations, representative
stations...
LVĢMA, 2006
LATVIJAS
VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UN
METEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
Why there was the need to revise
water monitoring program?
• According to WFD water bodies as primary water management
units must be nominated
• Information on ecological quality status must be obtained
• Risk assessment not to achieve at least good water ecological
quality status until 2015 must be performed
• Information on water bodies` ecological quality are prerequisite
for establishment of management plans
Today 4 river basin districts and 469
water bodies nominated in Latvia!
LVĢMA, 2006
LATVIJAS
VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UN
METEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
LVĢMA, 2006
LATVIJAS
VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UN
METEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
66 river
water
bodies
nominated,
16
monitored
in 2005
LVĢMA, 2006
184 lake water
bodies nominated,
11 monitored in
2005
LATVIJAS
VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UN
METEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
63 river water
63 bodies
nominated, 11
monitored in
2005
LVĢMA, 2006
30 lake water
bodies
nominated, 6
monitored in
2005
Monitoring of priority fish
waters in 2005
LATVIJAS
VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UN
METEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
50
43
45
38
40
35
35
31
skaits
30
25
20
15
10
12
12
11
6
5
7
7
1
7
2
1
6
1
0
Daugavas apgabals
Upju posmi kopā
LVĢMA, 2006
River waters total
Gaujas apgabals
Lielupes apgabals
M onitorētie upju posmi
Monitored river waters
Ezeri kopā
Lakes` waters
total
Ventas apgabals
M onitorētie ezeri
Monitored
lakes` waters
LATVIJAS
VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UN
METEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
New surface water quality monitoring
2006-2008 (I)
• Stations classified according to WFD as surveillance monitoring
stations, operational monitoring stations, investigative
monitoring stations
• Generally, the same parameters as before but zooplankton
excluded
• Very different picture with respect to certain parameters in
different stations: some parameters` monitoring increased
significantly but some (for example, main ions) very decreased
• Frequency of sampling:
– generally, 1 time per year for biological parameters (even for
phytoplankton and chlorophyll a in lakes)
– 3-12 times per year for microbiological parameters and
chemical parameters
– 4 -6 times per year for dangerous substances
LVĢMA, 2006
LATVIJAS
VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UN
METEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
New surface water quality monitoring
2006-2008 (II)
• Macrophytes will be monitored 1 time every 3 years
• Shift to monitoring on rotational basis – ~ 83 water
bodies are anticipated to be monitored each year but others - 1
time during 3 years period, taking into account type of station
LVĢMA, 2006
LATVIJAS
VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UN
METEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
Monitoring of biological elements
Number of monitoring stations
2008
Microbiology
2007
Chlorophyl a
Macrozoobenthos
Macrophytes
2006
Phytoplankton
2005
0
50
100
150
Number
LVĢMA, 2006
200
250
300
LATVIJAS
VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UN
METEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
Monitoring of nutrients` parameters
Number of monitoring stations
2008
276
N/NO3
249
2007
N/NO2
N/NH4
Nkop
2006
143
P/PO4
Pkop
2005
99
0
50
100
150
Number
LVĢMA, 2006
200
250
300
Virszemes ūdeņu monitorings
LATVIJAS
VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UN
METEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
Virszemes ūdeņu karte
LVĢMA, 2006
LATVIJAS
VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UN
METEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
LVĢMA, 2006
Statistics / monitoring of water use and
wastewater discharges (I)
LATVIJAS
VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UN
METEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
• information collected in the state statistical survey –
data base “2 –Ūdens” (LEGMA)
• Water abstraction, use and wastewater discharges
• Mechanically, chemically and biologically treated wastewater
discharges
• Pollution discharged (oil products, surface active substances,
biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, biogens,
heavy metals, etc.)
• Data can be classified by administrative division, river basins
or economic branches
LVĢMA, 2006
Statistics / monitoring of water use and
wastewater discharges (II)
LATVIJAS
VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UN
METEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
• ~1750 different enterprises (operators, polluters) reported their
data in 2005
• Covering entire territory of Latvia with likely at least one
reporting organization in every parish (i.e. the parish council)
and many enterprises in cities
LVĢMA, 2006
LATVIJAS
VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UN
METEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
Hydrological monitoring
• ~49 rivers` stations in operation, 9 anticipated to be renewed, 3
– to be installed additionally
• 3 lakes` stations with water level observations
(6 closed stations should be renewed)
• Automated or manual water level measurements
• Daily mean water discharge calculated / modelled, direct
measurements 1 time per month
LVĢMA, 2006
LATVIJAS
VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UN
METEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
LVĢMA, 2006
LATVIJAS
VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UN
METEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
Conclusions
• Amount of surface water quality monitoring stations quite
enlarged since 2006, but frequency of sampling decreased in
many cases
• To fill the gaps with regard to surface waters` spatial coverage
(Latvia has very dense hydrological network!) as well as time
coverage water quality modelling should have exiting
perspectives
• Challenging is the possibility to model distribution of dangerous
substances in surface waters which are minimally covered by
existing monitoring program
LVĢMA, 2006
LATVIJAS
VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UN
METEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA
Thanks!
LVĢMA, 2006