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Comprehensive Approach to
Building Partnerships
for Steady-State
Assessment and Planning
As of 14 March 2011
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Steady-State Activities
• Refers to cumulative day-to-day activities outside of major
surge operations
• Encompass shaping activities (including Phase 0 elements
of contingency plans)
• Designed to
- Build effective, legitimate, interoperable, and self-sustaining partners
consistent with US foreign policy objectives
- Promote acceptable international behavior by potential adversaries
- Sustain peace & security under conditions that promote US interests
- Set conditions for military success if a contingency cannot be prevented
- Leverage capabilities of partners to help achieve end states
- Strengthen alliances and partnerships
“Steady-state operations are oriented toward conducting normal foreign
relations activities not currently affected by crisis or serious conflict.”
-- Ambassador (ret.) Edward Marks
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Comprehensive Approach
• An approach that integrates the cooperative efforts of
the departments and agencies of the US Government,
intergovernmental & nongovernmental organizations,
multinational partners, and private sector entities to
achieve unity of effort toward a shared goal
“Development contributes to stability. It contributes to better
governance. And if you are able to do those things and you’re
able to do them in a focused and sustainable way, then it
may be unnecessary for us to send soldiers…. But
development and security are inextricably linked. You can’t
have development without security, and you can’t have
security without development.”
-- Robert M. Gates
Secretary of Defense
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Challenge – Focus on Host Country
• The primary responsibility for establishing and
maintaining stability in any country remains with
the host country government, its civil society, and
its population -- they own the problem
• Successful steady-state programs require host
country buy-in with the goal being a self-sustaining
host country security system responsive to its people
The Comprehensive Approach, and by extension the assessment
Post Intervention
and planning processes of DOD and its partners, must focus
on
the host country within the context of USG interests (Phase VI)
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Solution – Move Toward Greater Integration
• Develop & offer tools that provide
consistent, repeatable procedures
so that DOD planners can
effectively plan and collaborate in a
comprehensive manner with nonDOD counterparts. Consider:
- National Security Strategy:
Integrate Defense, Diplomacy, &
Development (3D) components
- DOS is USG lead for foreign
policy & diplomacy
- USAID focuses on country-level
development
- DOD focuses on defense sector
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National Security Strategy
Theater
(Region)
NSC
IPCs
OMB
DOD
UN
World Bank
DOJ
DHS
DOT
DOC
CIA
Congress
Liaison
Country
IOs
DOS
&
USAID
NGOs
Regional
Orgs
Neighbor
States
Coalition
Partners
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Solution – Focus on Country-Level Planning
• Security Cooperation programs provide the capacity and
capability building activities that link DOD and non-DOD
planners
-
USG national security goal is to develop host country institutions
Planning timeline extends beyond life of resourced activities
Qualitative & quantitative metrics to assess foreign assistance
Synchronize military objectives with other organizations
Recognize, understand non-DOD partners goals & objectives
Support shared goals, common outcomes, & obligations
Most importantly, focus on the host country’s goals and
objectives that align with US interests
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Challenge –Getting to Integration
NSS Goal
Integration
Collaboration
Cooperation
Coordination
Competition
“We do tasks together”
“We work together
on our respective tasks”
“We help each other
do our respective tasks”
“We know what
each other is doing”
“I’ll do it my way”
•Concept for this slide from presentation
by Dr Cathy Downes, NDU, National
Security Professionals Symposium,
August 4-5, 2010
No integrated peacetime country planning process exists
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Solution – Focus on Steady-State Plans
Bureau Strategic
Resource Plan
Theater
Campaign Plan
-- Secretary Robert M. Gates,
DOS
Foreign Affairs, May/June 2010
Mission
Strategic &
Resource
Plan
+
Country
Cooperation
Plan
USAID
Country
Development
Cooperation
Strategy
“Helping other countries better
provide for their own security will
be a key and enduring test of US
global leadership and a critical
part of protecting US security, as
well. Improving the way the US
government executes this vital
mission must be an important
national priority.”
DOD
Host Country
CABP solution is “Focus on Country Cooperation Plan
synchronization with the Mission Strategic & Resource Plan”
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CCP Development Handbook
• Written for the CCP planner
• Provides a common process to develop CCPs in coordination with
USG interagency counterparts and other key actors with programs
in, or that affect, the host country
• Supplements existing doctrine for planning and coordination with
non-DOD organizations
• Provides fundamental concepts and planning guidance for the
development of CCPs that provide operational guidance to the
CCMD implementing components
• Designed to be used in conjunction with CSSAP Reference Guide
Assists the planner to produce a country-focused steady-state plan
in a consistent, repeatable process according to policy & guidance
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Using the CCP Development Handbook
• Theater (CCMDs)
- Identifies fundamental guidance, planning considerations,
techniques & procedures for country planning of steady-state
programs and activities in a comprehensive approach
- Reinforces CCMD joint planning & coordination with non-DOD
organizations used for contingencies, reconstruction and stability
• Country (Country Team)
- Provides CCMD planning, assessment, and coordination policies,
lexicon, processes & perspectives regarding country planning in
a comprehensive approach
- Identifies the SCO as the focal point for CCMD coordination
within the Country Team
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CSSAP Reference Guide
Consistent with current DOD policy and joint doctrine …
• Describes key actors and processes at the national,
regional, and country level for planning and
implementing foreign assistance
• Identifies sources for more in-depth understanding
• Offers a process for planning steady-state activities in
a comprehensive approach
• Assists the planner in determining the most effective
ways to engage
Reference Guide is designed to introduce, educate, & train
steady-state coordination/cooperation perspectives
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Using the CSSAP Reference Guide
• National level (OSD, DOS, USAID)
- Establishes a baseline as departments & agencies develop new integrated
approach to processes & policies
- Provides OSD/JS with CCMD & country team perspectives on cooperation and
coordination; enables improved DC-level guidance
- Provides education and training on steady-state and comprehensive approach
concepts
• Theater level (CCMDs)
- Provides CCMD Planners with the current, standardized national level guidance &
policy development process
- Describes repeatable country-focused planning processes / template
• Country level (Country Team)
- Highlights the SCO as the key participant in steady-state coordination, cooperation,
collaboration & integration
- Provides insight for the remainder of Country Team into current DOD planning,
assessment, and coordination policies, processes & perspectives
Reference Guide introduces, educates & trains standard, repeatable
DOD coordination & cooperation perspectives
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Questions ?
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