ATTRIBUTION
Prof. Dr. Rana ÖZEN KUTANİS
Prof. Dr. Rana Özen Kutanis
ATTRIBUTION
Attributions are judgements about what
caused a person’s behavior. (we try to
explain why they behave in certain way)
It is an analytic thinking process in which
cause-effect relationship is revealed.
For accurate attribution process, perception
process shouldn’t consist an error.
Prof. Dr. Rana Özen Kutanis
Causes Affecting Attribution
1) Internal: characteristics of the person led to the
behavior. (She missed the deadline because she is
careless and lazy.)
2) External:something about the situation caused the
person’s behavior. (she missed the deadline because
she couldn’t get the information she need in a timely
manner.)
ATTRIBUTION PROCESS
Observation → Interpretation → Attribution of cause
Prof. Dr. Rana Özen Kutanis
FACTORS AFFECTING ATTRIBUTION
Distinctiveness
Refers to whether an individual displays different behaviors in
different situations. (Does the person behave in this way in other
situations? No:high-external/ Yes:low-internal)
Consensus
Refers to respond in the same way when people face a similar
situation. (Do other people behave in this way in similar
situations? No: low-internal/ Yes: high-external)
Consistency
Do people respond in the same way in different situations over
time? (Does the person have a history of behaving this way at
other times? Yes: high-internal/ No: low-external)
Prof. Dr. Rana Özen Kutanis
ATTRIBUTION MODEL
Antecedent: Datas,Beliefs, Motivation
Attribution: Perceived Causes(Internally /
Externally)
Consequence: Behavior, Response,
Expectation
Prof. Dr. Rana Özen Kutanis
Reasons that individuals base
their failure/success on:
1-Ability
2-Effort
3-Task Difficulty
4-Luck
Prof. Dr. Rana Özen Kutanis
Locus of Control
Do you believe that you can control the events that have effect
on you?
Internal LOC: the person who have an internal LOC believes that
he/she can control his/her life.
External LOC: they believe that their decisions and their life are
controlled by environmental factors which they can not influence.
Student with external LOC doing poorly in the exam?
Prof. Dr. Rana Özen Kutanis
ERRORS IN ATTRIBUTION
1)Fundemental Attribution Error: Overestimating
the personel causes for other’s behavior while
underestimating the situational causes..
*To a student who didn’t do his/her homework
Teacher:”You’re incapable”.
*Failed student’s blaming his/herself for everyone
passing the exam and saying, “I’m incapable and
silly”
→It is wrong to over-value person and person
related factors and under-value the other factors.
Prof. Dr. Rana Özen Kutanis
2)Self Serving Bias: Occurs when people
attribute their successes to internal and
personal factors but attribute their failure to
situational factors beyond their control.
*I got a 100/ Teacher gave me a 20.
*To say “it would be better if they didn’t exist”
when we have problems.
*I try the best but the team doesn’t work.
Prof. Dr. Rana Özen Kutanis
THANK YOU...
Prof. Dr. Rana Özen Kutanis