Seminar:
Test 2 Review
Freddie Arocho-Perez
Kaplan University
SC155: Introduction to Chemistry
General Information
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Access Dates:
Wednesday, Jan 13 – Sunday, Jan 24
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During the time that the test is available, you may take it
anytime you wish and as many times as you want. Only
the last submission will be saved and graded.
I made it available for more time than I originally noted
in the syllabus. The only reason I did this was because I
assume most of you would like to work on this test on
evenings and weekends.
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General Information
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Content: Units 5 – 9.
The test is not cumulative; only units 5 – 9.
The test consists of 24-multiple choice
questions.
Each question is worth 5 points.
General Information
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Study Guide will be sent by e-mail.
The test questions will account for reading
comprehension, applications, and definitions.
Useful Materials:
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Periodic Table (see DocSharing for a hand-out).
Seminar Presentations (see DocSharing for
copies).
Self-Assessments (see DocSharing for more
information).
Practice Question
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What will happen to the volume of a gas if
the pressure is decreased? Assume that the
amount of gas and the temperature remain
constant.
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The volume will decrease.
The volume and the temperature will remain the
same.
The volume will increase.
You need more information to answer this
question.
Practice Question
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What will happen to the volume of a gas if
the pressure is decreased? Assume that the
amount of gas and the temperature remain
constant.
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The volume will decrease.
The volume and the temperature will remain the
same.
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The volume will increase.
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You need more information to answer this
question.
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Solution: Practice Question
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Boyle’s Law:
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P proportional to 1/V
“Bigger” the pressure means “smaller” the volume
Reducing the volume implies increasing the
pressure at the same rate.
Reducing the pressure implies increasing the
volume at the same rate.
The relation is “inversely” proportional.
Practice Question
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In thermodynamics, what is the system?
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The part of the universe not being studied.
The surroundings.
The part of the universe being studied.
A state function.
Practice Question
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In thermodynamics, what is the system?
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The part of the universe not being studied.
The surroundings.
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The part of the universe being
studied.
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A state function.
Solution: Practice Question
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System: part of the universe that is under consideration.
A real or imaginary boundary separates the system from
the rest of the universe, which is referred to as the
environment or surroundings.
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Surroundings: (or environment) are anything not part of
the system. They are separated from the system by a
real or imaginary boundary. Together with the system,
they make up the universe. The surroundings do not
contain any processes of interest. However, they can
usually exchange energy and, sometimes, even matter
with the system, influencing the processes that occur
there.
Practice Question
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Which of the following vitamins is classified
as “water-soluble”?
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Vitamin A
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Practice Question
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Which of the following vitamins is classified
as “water-soluble”?
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Vitamin A
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Vitamin C
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Vitamin D
Vitamin E
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Solution: Practice Question
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“Fat-Soluble” Vitamins:
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A
E
-D
-K
“Water-Soluble” Vitamins:
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C
B2
B6
Folate
Pantothenic Acid
- B1
- B3
- B12
- Biotin
Practice Question
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A catalyst has which of the following
properties?
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A catalyst decreases the enthalpy of a reaction.
A catalyst is completely consumed during a
reaction.
A catalyst increases the rate of a reaction.
A catalyst appears in the balanced reaction.
Practice Question
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A catalyst has which of the following
properties?
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A catalyst decreases the enthalpy of a reaction.
A catalyst is completely consumed during a
reaction.
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A catalyst increases the rate of a
reaction.
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A catalyst appears in the balanced reaction.
Solution: Practice Question
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Catalysts:
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A catalyst is a compound that increases the rate of a
reaction by providing an alternative reaction
mechanism, for a chemical process. This alternative
mechanism has a lower activation energy.
A catalyst is a substance that accelerates the rate of
a chemical reaction but remains chemically
unchanged afterwards.
The catalyst increases rate reaction by providing a
different reaction mechanism to occur with a lower
enthalpy (energy).
Practice Question
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CFC stands for __________.
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chlorinated freon compound.
chlorofluorocarbon.
carbonated fluorine compound.
caustic fluorine carbohydrate.
Practice Question
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CFC stands for __________.
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chlorinated freon compound.
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chlorofluorocarbon.
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carbonated fluorine compound.
caustic fluorine carbohydrate.
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Solution: Practice Question
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CFCs were used for years as aerosol
propellants and refrigerants.
In 1974 Rowland and Molina discovered that
chlorine from chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) may
be depleting the supply of ozone in the upper
atmosphere by reacting with it.
They are not water soluble (so they do not get
washed out of the atmosphere by rain) and are
quite unreactive (so they are not degraded
naturally).
Practice Question
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Which of the following pH values indicates a
acidic solution?
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3
7
9
12
Practice Question
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Which of the following pH values indicates a
acidic solution?
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3
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7
9
12
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Solution: Practice Question
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The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a substance
is.
The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14.
A pH of 7 is neutral.
A pH less than 7 is acidic.
A pH greater than 7 is basic.
Pure water is neutral. But when chemicals are mixed
with water, the mixture can become either acidic or
basic. Examples of acidic substances are vinegar and
lemon juice. Lye, milk of magnesia, and ammonia are
examples of basic substances.
Practice Question
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According to Charles's Law, what will happen to
the temperature of a gas if the volume is
decreased (while the gas remains at a constant
pressure)?
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The temperature will remain the same.
The temperature will increase.
The temperature will decrease.
You cannot predict what will happen to the
temperature.
Practice Question
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According to Charles's Law, what will happen to
the temperature of a gas if the volume is
decreased (while the gas remains at a constant
pressure)?
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The temperature will remain the same.
The temperature will increase.
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The temperature will decrease.
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You cannot predict what will happen to the
temperature.
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Solution: Practice Question
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Charles’s Law
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Charles’s Law states that under conditions of
constant pressure and quantity, there is a direct
relationship between the volume and absolute
temperature for an ideal gas.
Reducing the temperature implies reducing
the volume at the same rate.
Increasing the volume implies increasing the
temperature at the same rate.
The relation is “directly” proportional.
Practice Question
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What is the First Law of Thermodynamics?
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Matter is neither created nor destroyed.
The total energy in the universe is constant.
All systems receive work from their surroundings.
Matter can be converted to energy and vice versa.
Practice Question
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What is the First Law of Thermodynamics?
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Matter is neither created nor destroyed.
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The total energy in the universe is
constant.
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All systems receive work from their surroundings.
Matter can be converted to energy and vice versa.
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Solution: Practice Question
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The First Law of Thermodynamics:
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The Law of Conservation of Mass:
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This law indicates that mass cannot be created or destroyed.
The Second Law of Thermodynamics:
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Conservation of Energy: states that energy is always
conserved, it cannot be created or destroyed.
The total energy in the universe is constant.
States that the entropy of the universe always increases, or
(equivalently) that perpetual motion machines are impossible.
The Third Law of Thermodynamics:
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Concerns the entropy of an object at absolute zero temperature,
and implies that it is impossible to cool a system all the way to
exactly absolute zero.
Practice Question
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What does the term “forensic” mean?
- pertaining to medicine
- pertaining to the law
- pertaining to death
- pertaining to crime
Practice Question
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What does the term “forensic” mean?
- pertaining to medicine
- pertaining
to the law
- pertaining to death
- pertaining to crime
Solution: Practice Question
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The application of science to those criminal
and civil laws that are enforced in the justice
system.
Any application of science to law
enforcement.
Practice Question
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Which of the following describes an
endothermic reaction?
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A reaction that moves heat from the surroundings
into the system.
A reaction that moves heat from the system into the
surroundings.
A reaction that causes the temperature of the
surroundings to rise.
A reaction in which the change in enthalpy is less
than zero.
Practice Question
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Which of the following describes an endothermic
reaction?
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A reaction that moves heat from the
surroundings into the system.
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A reaction that moves heat from the system into the
surroundings.
A reaction that causes the temperature of the surroundings to
rise.
A reaction in which the change in enthalpy is less than zero.
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Solution: Practice Question
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An endothermic reaction soaks up heat.
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An exothermic reaction releases heat.
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System receives the energy (heat) from the
surroundings.
System releases the energy (heat) to the
surroundings.
“Endothermic”: Absorbs
“Exothermic”: Releases
Practice Question
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Which statement about organic chemistry is not
correct?
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Organic chemistry involves the study of carboncontaining compounds.
Organic compounds, which contain carbon and
hydrogen, are vital to all living systems.
Only a few molecules have carbon as their central,
core atom(s).
Organic chemistry is an entire branch of chemistry
dedicated to carbon.
Practice Question
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Which statement about organic chemistry is not correct?
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Organic chemistry involves the study of carbon-containing
compounds.
Organic compounds, which contain carbon and hydrogen, are
vital to all living systems.
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Only a few molecules have carbon as their
central, core atom(s).
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Organic chemistry is an entire branch of chemistry dedicated to
carbon.
Solution: Practice Question
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Organic Chemistry:
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Discipline within Chemistry that involves the scientific
study of the structure, properties, composition,
reactions, and preparation of compounds that contain
carbon.
These compounds may contain any number of other
elements, including hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen,
chlorine, silicon, and bromine.
Carbon is the central atom in all of these compounds.
Practice Question
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Hydrocarbons contain only hydrogen and
carbon. Which of the following is not a class
of pure hydrocarbons?
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Alkynes
Alcohols
Alkenes
Alkanes
Practice Question
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Hydrocarbons contain only hydrogen and
carbon. Which of the following is not a class
of pure hydrocarbons?
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Alkynes
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Alcohols
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Alkenes
Alkanes
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Solution: Practice Question
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Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes: Compounds
composed of only carbon and hydrogen.
Alcohol: Compounds composed of carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen.
Reflecting on the Course…
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Exploring the fundamental theories of chemistry.
Emphasis on the chemical processes that affect
our lives.
Learning how to apply new knowledge about a
variety of topics to better understand the natural
and human-made world.
Discussion Topics: Applications, Real-Life
Seminar Topics: Theory, Applications, Real-Life
Reflecting on the Course…
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Applications:
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Environment:
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Ozone
Global Warming
“Green Chemistry”
Energy/Alternative Resources
Health/Nutrition
Forensics
Nanotechnology
Drugs/Pharmaceuticals
Reflecting on the Course…
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Project Topics: Theory, Applications
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First Project: Atomic Model/Periodic Table
Second Project: Environment/Energy
Third Project: Health/Nutrition
Adventure of self-exploration, as well as
establishing a firm science base for other
courses you will take in the future.
Professional Preparation.
A Message for You…
“Life is too short to wake up with regrets. So love the
people who treat you right. Forget about the one's who
don’t. Believe everything happens for a reason. If you
get a second chance, grab it with both hands. If it
changes your life, let it. Nobody said life would be easy,
they just promised it would be worth it.”
Thank you for letting me to help you to learn some
important aspects of Chemistry!!!
God bless you.
- Freddie
Reach your Goals!!!