Citing Your Sources
Chicago Style (2010)
FOR THE MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS
www.langara.bc.ca/library/research-help/citing-help/index.html
This guide provides examples of endnotes and bibliographic entries for citing the types of sources most
commonly used by students in the School of Management. It follows the 16th edition of The Chicago Manual of
Style (Z 253 U69 2010) as closely as possible. Some entries have been adapted to suit the needs of Langara
students and instructors.
GENERAL NOTES ON CHICAGO STYLE

Endnotes/Footnotes
o In Chicago notes/bibliography style, references to quotations and paraphrases are provided in notes,
preferably supplemented by a bibliography.
o Endnotes are listed on a separate page at the end of the report, while footnotes are placed at the
bottom of the page. They are numbered consecutively, beginning with the number 1.
o In the text of the report, a note number (superscript) is placed at the end of a sentence or at the end of
a clause. The number follows any punctuation mark except for the dash, which it precedes.
The U.S. confectionery industry generated sales of $34.9 billion in 2015 and is projected to reach
$38.1 billion in 2020, an annual average increase of 1.8 percent over the five years.1
o
Each note number corresponds to an endnote/footnote that provides bibliographic information and
page number(s) cited for each source. The numbers in the notes are full size (not superscript) and
followed by a period. Indent the first line of the note 0.5 inch from the left margin and align the
subsequent line(s) with the left margin. For example:
1. Bernard Pacyniak, “Global State of the Industry,” Candy Industry, June 2016, 19,
Business Source Complete.

Shortened notes
o When citing the same source not immediately after you first cited it in full, you may create a short
note that consists of: the last name of the author (or corporate author), the main title of the work
(usually shortened if more than four words), and the specific page(s) cited. For example:
5. Pacyniak, “Global State of the Industry,” 17.
o
When citing the same source immediately after you cited it in either full or short form, you may cite it
with the abbreviation “Ibid.” and page number(s) if they are different. (“Ibid.” is Latin for “in the
same place.”) For example:
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid., 18-20.

Bibliography
o A bibliography is a list of all the sources cited in the notes. The entries are arranged alphabetically by
author’s last name (or by title, if no author or editor is given).
o The bibliography appears at the end of the report, after the endnotes, if any.
o Begin each entry flush with the left margin, and indent the subsequent line(s) 0.5 inch from the left
margin.
J:\LIBRARY\Common\Reference\Reference area docs\Citing documents\Chicago\Citing_Your_Sources_in_Chicago_Style_September-2016.docx
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EXAMPLES OF CITATIONS
You may not always find guidelines or examples specific to the kind of source you want to cite. Keep in mind that
the intent of the notes/bibliography of your report is to give enough information for the reader to locate the works.
Do the best you can, and make sure the format of all your citations is consistent. When in doubt, err on the side of
more rather than fewer details.
Annual Reports
Company Website
Endnote/Footnote
1. TELUS, 2015 Annual Report, 36, http://about.telus.com/investors
/annualreport2015/files/pdf/en/ar.pdf.
Bibliography
TELUS. 2015 Annual Report. http://about.telus.com/investors/annualreport2015
/files/pdf/en/ar.pdf.
Mergent Online
Endnote/Footnote
2. Loblaw, 2015 Annual Report, 45, Mergent Online.
Bibliography
Loblaw. 2015 Annual Report. Mergent Online.
SEDAR
Endnote/Footnote
3. Canadian Tire, 2015 Annual Information Form, 17-18, SEDAR,
http://www.sedar.com/GetFile.do?lang=EN&docClass=1&docId=3864987.
Bibliography
Canadian Tire. 2015 Annual Information Form. SEDAR. http://www.sedar.com
/GetFile.do?lang=EN&docClass=1&&docId=3864987.
Articles (Online)
Journal article
Endnote/Footnote
4. Christian Voegtlin and Michelle Greenwood, “Corporate Social
Responsibility and Human Resource Management: A Systematic Review and
Conceptual Analysis,” Human Resource Management Review 26, no. 3 (2016): 189,
doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2015.12.003.
5. Mathew W. Ford, “Supply Chain Quality Management and Environmental
Uncertainty: A Contingency Perspective,” Quality Management Journal 22, no. 4
(2015): 56, Business Source Complete.
Bibliography
Voegtlin, Christian, and Michelle Greenwood. “Corporate Social Responsibility and
Human Resource Management: A Systematic Review and Conceptual
Analysis.” Human Resource Management Review 26, no. 3 (2016): 181-97.
doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2015.12.003.
Ford, Mathew W. “Supply Chain Quality Management and Environmental Uncertainty:
A Contingency Perspective.” Quality Management Journal 22, no. 4 (2015):
54-65. Business Source Complete.
2
Magazine article
from library
database
Endnote/Footnote
6. Bernard Pacyniak, “Global State of the Industry,” Candy Industry, June
2016, 19, Business Source Complete.
7. Liz Bernier, “Breaking Bias,” Canadian HR Reporter, June 13, 2016, 30,
CBCA Business.
Bibliography
Pacyniak, Bernard. “Global State of the Industry.” Candy Industry, June 2016, 17-22.
Business Source Complete.
Bernier, Liz. “Breaking Bias.” Canadian HR Reporter, June 13, 2016, 30, 32. CBCA
Business.
Magazine article
from the Web
Endnote/Footnote
8. Alan Murray, “The Hard Truths of Globalization,” Fortune, July 21, 2016,
http://fortune.com/2016/07/21/truths-globalization/?iid=leftrail.
Bibliography
Murray, Alan. “The Hard Truths of Globalization.” Fortune, July 21, 2016.
http://fortune.com/2016/07/21/truths-globalization/?iid=leftrail.
News article from
library database
Endnote/Footnote
9. Evan Duggan, “Foreign Cash Drives Buying Boom; Investors See
Vancouver in Same Category as London and Zurich,” Vancouver Sun, July 20, 2016,
Canadian Major Dailies.
Bibliography
Duggan, Evan. “Foreign Cash Drives Buying Boom; Investors See Vancouver in Same
Category as London and Zurich.” Vancouver Sun, July 20, 2016. Canadian
Major Dailies.
News article from
the Web
Endnote/Footnote
10. Kelsey Gee and Heather Haddon, “Food Giants Set Their Sights on
Organic, Natural Companies,” Wall Street Journal, July 8, 2016, http://www.wsj.com
/articles/food-giants-set-their-sights-on-organic-natural-companies-1467990819.
Bibliography
Gee, Kelsey, and Heather Haddon. “Food Giants Set Their Sights on Organic, Natural
Companies.” Wall Street Journal, July 8, 2016. http://www.wsj.com/articles
/food-giants-set-their-sights-on-organic-natural-companies-1467990819.
Books (Print)
One to three
authors
Endnote/Footnote
11. Gillian Tett, The Silo Effect: The Peril of Expertise and the Promise of
Breaking Down Barriers (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2015), 96-7.
12. Roger Fisher and William Ury, Getting to Yes: Negotiating Agreement
without Giving In, 3rd ed. (New York: Penguin, 2011), 131.
13. Michael Solomon, Katherine White, and Darren W. Dah, Consumer
Behaviour: Buying, Having, and Being, 6th Canadian ed. (Toronto: Pearson Education
Canada, 2014), 259.
Bibliography
Tett, Gillian. The Silo Effect: The Peril of Expertise and the Promise of Breaking Down
Barriers. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2015.
3
Fisher, Roger, and William Ury. Getting to Yes: Negotiating Agreement without Giving
In. 3rd ed. New York: Penguin, 2011.
Solomon, Michael, Katherine White, and Darren W. Dah. Consumer Behaviour:
Buying, Having, and Being. 6th Canadian ed. Toronto: Pearson Education
Canada, 2014.
Four to ten authors
Endnote/Footnote
14. Gary Armstrong et al., Marketing: An Introduction, 5th Canadian ed.
(Toronto: Pearson, 2015), 166-73.
Bibliography
Armstrong, Gary, Philip Kotler, Valerie Trifts, Lilly Anne Buchwitz, and David
Gaudet. Marketing: An Introduction. 5th Canadian ed. Toronto: Pearson, 2015.
Chapter or titled
part of a book
Endnote/Footnote
15. Andrew T. Kaczynski and Luke R. Potwarka, “Marketing Recreation and
Leisure Services,” in Leisure for Canadians, ed. Ron McCarville and Kelly MacKay
(State College, PA: Venture, 2007), 300.
Bibliography
Kaczynski, Andrew T., and Luke R. Potwarka. “Marketing Recreation and Leisure
Services.” In Leisure for Canadians, edited by Ron McCarville and Kelly
MacKay, 295-306. State College, PA: Venture, 2007.
Books (Online)
From ebrary
Endnote/Footnote
16. Julian Lincoln Simon, Developing Decision-Making Skills for Business
(New York: Routledge, 2016), 31-34, ebrary.
Bibliography
Simon, Julian Lincoln. Developing Decision-Making Skills for Business. New York:
Routledge, 2016. ebrary.
Case Studies
Distributed in class
Endnote/Footnote
17. Valentina Bardorf and Cara Maurer, Whole Foods Market Inc.: Expansion
in Canada (London, ON: Ivey Publishing, 2015), 3.
Bibliography
Bardorf, Valentina, and Cara Maurer. Whole Foods Market Inc.: Expansion in Canada.
London, ON: Ivey Publishing, 2015.
Company Profiles
Business Source
Complete
Endnote/Footnote
18. MarketLine, “Air Canada,” Company Profile, February 29, 2016, 20,
Business Source Complete.
Bibliography
MarketLine. “Air Canada.” Company Profile, February 29, 2016. Business Source
Complete.
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Hoover’s Company
Profiles
Endnote/Footnote
19. Alexandra Biesada, “Hudson's Bay Company,” Hoover’s Company
Records, July 16, 2016, Hoover’s Company Profiles.
Bibliography
Biesada, Alexandra. “Hudson's Bay Company.” Hoover’s Company Records, July 16,
2016. Hoover’s Company Profiles.
Mergent Online
Endnote/Footnote
20. “Fortis Inc.: Company Financials,” accessed September 28, 2016, Mergent
Online.
Bibliography
“Fortis Inc.: Company Financials.” Accessed September 8, 2016. Mergent Online.
Passport
Endnote/Footnote
21. Euromonitor International, “Wal-Mart Canada Inc in Retailing (Canada),”
Local Company Profile, January 14, 2016, Passport.
Bibliography
Euromonitor International. “Wal-Mart Canada Inc in Retailing (Canada).” Local
Company Profile, January 14, 2016. Passport.
Industry Reports
Business Source
Complete
Endnote/Footnote
22. MarketLine, “Carbonated Soft Drinks in Canada,” MarketLine Industry
Profile, July 2015, 8, Business Source Complete.
Bibliography
MarketLine. “Carbonated Soft Drinks in Canada.” MarketLine Industry Profile, July
2015. Business Source Complete.
Mergent Online
Endnote/Footnote
23. Mergent, “Food & Beverage Sectors: North America,” Company and
Industry Analysis, June 2016, 17, Mergent Online.
Bibliography
Mergent. “Food & Beverage Sectors: North America.” Company and Industry Analysis,
June 2016. Mergent Online.
Passport
Endnote/Footnote
24. Euromonitor International, “Full-Service Restaurants in Canada,” Category
Briefing, June 9, 2016, Passport.
Bibliography
Euromonitor International. “Full-Service Restaurants in Canada.” Category Briefing,
June 9, 2016. Passport.
Interviews and Personal Communications
Note: The following are best cited in text or in notes, and rarely listed in a bibliography:
 Unpublished interviews, such as interviews conducted for course projects;
 Conversations, including face-to-face and by phone;
 Email and text messages, letters, and the like.
5
Unpublished
interviews
Endnote/Footnote
25. John Smith (Marketing Director, BBA Enterprises), interview by Emily
Moore, September 23, 2016.
26. Interview with BBA Enterprises employee, October 10, 2016.
(Note: An interview with a person who prefers to remain anonymous may be cited in
notes without identifying information.)
Personal
communications
Endnote/Footnote
27. Mary Johnson, email message to author, September 30, 2016.
28. Robert Williams, telephone conversation with team member, Linda Jones,
November 2, 2016.
Market Research Reports
MarketResearch.com
Academic
Endnote/Footnote
29. Susan Porjes, Meal Kit Delivery Services in the U.S. (Rockville, MD:
Packaged Facts, April 2016), 45, MarketResearch.com Academic.
Bibliography
Porjes, Susan. Meal Kit Delivery Services in the U.S. Rockville, MD: Packaged Facts,
April 2016. MarketResearch.com Academic.
Market Share Reporter
From Gale
Directory Library
Endnote/Footnote
30. “Top Ice Cream Brands, 2014,” in Market Share Reporter, ed. Robert S.
Lazich and Virgil L. Burton, III (Detroit: Gale, 2016), Gale Directory Library.
Bibliography
“Top Ice Cream Brands, 2014.” In Market Share Reporter, edited by Robert S. Lazich
and Virgil L. Burton, III. Detroit: Gale, 2016. Gale Directory Library.
Media
Streaming videos
from the library
Endnote/Footnote
31. TV Choice, Marketing Strategy Case Studies: The Starbucks Experience,
video on Kanopy, 26:55, 2015, http://langara.kanopystreaming.com/video/marketingstrategy-case-studies-starbucks-ex.
32. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, “Emotional Marketing: Advertisers
Target the Heart,” News in Review, video on Curio, 11:56, February 2016,
http://twist.langara.bc.ca/record=b1554221~S1.
Bibliography
TV Choice. Marketing Strategy Case Studies: The Starbucks Experience. Video on
Kanopy, 26:55. 2015. http://langara.kanopystreaming.com/video/marketingstrategy-case-studies-starbucks-ex.
Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. “Emotional Marketing: Advertisers Target the
Heart.” News in Review, video on Curio, 11:56. February 2016.
http://twist.langara.bc.ca/record=b1554221~S1.
6
YouTube videos
Endnote/Footnote
33. Chip Wilson, “Chip Wilson: Why Lululemon?” YouTube video, 3:01,
posted February 24, 2014, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dVbsE-mnlug.
34. Cambridge House, “The Incredible Growth of Vision Critical – Andrew
Reid Interview,” YouTube video, 7:46, posted June 3, 2014, https://www.youtube.com
/watch?v=x-GiH4XZo9k.
Bibliography
Wilson, Chip. “Chip Wilson: Why Lululemon?” YouTube video, 3:01. Posted February
24, 2014. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dVbsE-mnlug.
Cambridge House. “The Incredible Growth of Vision Critical – Andrew Reid Interview.”
YouTube video, 7:46. Posted June 3, 2014. https://www.youtube.com
/watch?v=x-GiH4XZo9k.
Statistical Sources
CANSIM
Endnote/Footnote
35. Statistics Canada, Table 079-0003: New Motor Vehicle Sales, Canada,
Provinces and Territories, Monthly, CANSIM, accessed October 9, 2016,
http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/a26?lang=eng&retrLang=eng&id=0790003&sales&t.
Bibliography
Statistics Canada. Table 079-0003: New Motor Vehicle Sales, Canada, Provinces and
Territories, Monthly. CANSIM. Accessed October 9, 2016. http://www5.statcan
.gc.ca/cansim/a26?lang=eng&retrLang=eng&id=0790003&sales&t.
Census data via
Statistics Canada
Endnote/Footnote
36. Statistics Canada, “Census Profile: Vancouver (CMA), British Columbia
and British Columbia,” 2011 Census, released October 24, 2012, http://www12.statcan
.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E.
37. Statistics Canada, “Age Groups (25) and Sex (3) for the Population of
Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations:
Vancouver,” 2011 Census, modified May 26, 2016, http://www12.statcan.gc.ca
/global/URLRedirect.cfm?lang =E&ips=98-311-XCB2011025.
Bibliography
Statistics Canada. “Census Profile: Vancouver (CMA), British Columbia and British
Columbia.” 2011 Census. Released October 24, 2012. http://www12.statcan.gc
.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E.
Statistics Canada. “Age Groups (25) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada,
Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations:
Vancouver.” 2011 Census. Modified May 26, 2016. http://www12.statcan
.gc.ca/global/URLRedirect.cfm?lang=E&ips=98-311-XCB2011025.
SimplyMap
Endnote/Footnote
38. Geographic Research, “# Household Income (Current Year) | Household
Income $100,000 or Over (Current Year $), 2011: Vancouver, BC (CMACA),”
CensusPlus 2011, SimplyMap.
Bibliography
Geographic Research. “# Household Income (Current Year) | Household Income
$100,000 or Over (Current Year $), 2011: Vancouver, BC (CMACA).”
CensusPlus 2011. SimplyMap.
7
Vividata
Endnote/Footnote
39. Vividata, Demographics – Pizza Restaurant(s) Eat at Most Often: Domino,
Q4 2015, Vividata.
40. Vividata, Leisure – Energy/Sport Drinks: # Drinks/Glasses Drank in Past 7
Days: Heavy, Q4 2015, Vividata.
Bibliography
Vividata. Demographics – Pizza Restaurant(s) Eat at Most Often: Domino. Q4 2015.
Vividata.
Vividata. Leisure – Energy/Sport Drinks: # Drinks/Glasses Drank in Past 7 Days:
Heavy. Q4 2015. Vividata.
Web Sources
Note: When citing pages or documents from websites:
 Include as much of the following as can be determined: author (corporate or individual),
title of the page (or document), title or owner of the site, and URL.
 Include an access date only when no date of publication or revision can be determined from
the source.
 For endnotes/footnotes, include page number(s) only if viewing PDF documents.
Company
information
Endnote/Footnote
41. Bombardier, “Our Promise Statement,” accessed September 30, 2016,
http://www.bombardier.com/en/about-us/promise-values.html.
Bibliography
Bombardier. “Our Promise Statement.” Accessed September 30, 2016.
http://www.bombardier.com/en/about-us/promise-values.html.
Corporate reports
Endnote/Footnote
42. BMO Financial Group, 2015 Corporate Responsibility Report, 33,
https://www.bmo.com/cr/images/BMO_CR2015en.pdf.
Bibliography
BMO Financial Group. 2015 Corporate Responsibility Report. https://www.bmo.com
/cr/images/BMO_CR2015en.pdf.
Press releases
Endnote/Footnote
43. Air Canada, “Air Canada Reports December and Full Year Load Factor,”
press release, January 7, 2016, http://aircanada.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=item=972.
Bibliography
Air Canada. “Air Canada Reports December and Full Year Load Factor.” Press release,
January 7, 2016. http://aircanada.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=item=972.
Webpages/
documents
Endnote/Footnote
44. Martin Turcotte, “Volunteering and Charitable Giving in Canada,” Statistics
Canada, last modified April 15, 2016, http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/89-652-x/89-652x2015001-eng.htm.
Bibliography
Turcotte, Martin. “Volunteering and Charitable Giving in Canada.” Statistics Canada.
Last modified April 15, 2016. http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/89-652-x/89-652x2015001-eng.htm.
8