Practice-based innovation
Broad-based innovation – A conceptual assessment
Vesa Harmaakorpi, Professor
LUT Lahti School of Innovation
Finnish Innovation Landscape
Innovations / Regional Value
Added 1997-2007
Some statistics
€/
resident
R&D
index
(whole
country =
100)
%
Degrees in
R&D
polytechnics Million
or
euros
universities,
share of
people over
15 years
%
3,2
6,1
33,3
2 212,1
1 806,9
181,7
163 390
118 050
169 386
109 791
4,7
5,6
3,5
3,1
10,3
6,2
0,1
6,0
27,4
27,3
21,5
21,2
180,8
101,2
43,3
77,8
1 106,6
875,3
255,6
708,6
124,0
82,6
23,2
202 898
313 748
290 524
88 798
3,9
2,9
3,3
6,9
9,2
9,9
8,8
9,3
29,7
28,2
26,8
27,4
663,0
793,8
315,0
88,3
3 267,7
2 530,1
1 084,2
994,4
226,4
248,1
107,1
94,3
Population In
in the
Polytechnics
region
share of
people over
15 years
In
Universities,
share of
people over
15 years
Urban
Regions
Greater
Helsinki
Jyväskylä
Kuopio
Lahti
ImatraLappeenranta
people
%
1 224 257
Oulu
Tampere
Turku
Vaasa
Source:
Statistics
Finland
10/19/2005
Innovation modes
 Science-based
 Science, technology, innovation (STI)
 Practice-based
 Doing, using, interacting (DUI)
Berg Jensen et al. 2007
Types of knowledge production
 Mode 1 knowledge production is traditional knowledge
production based on single disciplines. It is homogeneous
and primarily cognitive (STI).
 Mode 2 knowledge knowledge production, by contrast, is
created in broader, heterogeneous interdisciplinary social
and economic contexts within an applied setting (DUI).
Gibbons et al. 1994
Differences in science-based
and practice-based innovation
Most typical logics
and capital
Most typical
innovation types
and processes
Most typical
innovation methods
and environments
and knowledge
transfer mechanism
Most typical logics
of knowledge
production
Most typical
communication
Most typical
evaluation
Science-based innovation
(STI, Mode 1)
Agglomeration – Clusters –
Economies of scale
Intellectual capital –
Financial capital
Proximity
Radical technological
innovations and related
concepts
Analytical
Scientific methods
Practice-based innovation
(DUI, Mode 2a)
Related variety – Innovation
platforms
Social capital – Institutional capital
Practice-based innovation
(DUI, Moodi 2b)
Developing innovation capability –
Breaking silos Social capital –
Structural capital
Distance
Radical concepts and system
innovations
”Near distance”
Organisational innovations - Social
innovations - Service innovations
Technology diffusion for the
firms of cluster
Science and related expertise
Interpretative
Methods of intellectual crossfertilisation (also virtual)
Arenas of intellectual crossfertilisation in value networks
Scanning and absorbing technology
and market signals
Networks, Serendipity, Customers
Interpretative
Problem-based learning (e.g. culturebased methods)
Arenas of developing organisational
innovation capability
Organisational learning
World classic scientific expertise
in narrow field
Codifield knowledge
Analytical
Homogeneous knowledge
production
Integrative
Brokering – General ability to build
possible worlds
Future-oriented
Synthetic
Heterogeneous knowledge
production
Dissipative
Brokering – General ability to build
possible worlds
Tacit knowledge
Symbolic
Heterogeneous knowledge
production
Dissipative
Input-type measures
Output-type measures
Dynamic measures
Dynamic measures
World class scientific centres
”Normal” staff, Customers
Bringing STI- and
DUI-modes together
Mode 1 knowledge production -> STI-mode of innovation
Context of knowledge application
(companies and public sector organizations)
Mode 2 knowledge production -> DUI-mode of innovation
Policy instruments
and tools aiming at
promoting knowledge
transfer and utilization
Final words
 The concept of innovation policy has to be rethought based
on the concept of broad-based innovation
New book on prcricw-based
innovation
 Melkas, H. & Harmaakorpi, V. (eds.) (forthcoming).
Practice-based Innovation. Insights, Applications and
Policy Implications. Axel Springer Verlag.
 Scheduled October 2011